文章目录
一、实验内容
1、继承访问权限测试
设计类A具有public, protected, private等不同属性的成员函数或变量；
类B通过public, protected, private等不同方式继承A，在类B的成员函数中测试访问A的成员函数或变量；
在类B中添加public, protected, private等不同属性的成员函数或变量，在外部测试访问B的各个成员函数或变量；
B以private方式继承A，尝试把A中的部分public成员提升为public。
2、友元类继承测试
设计类A含有私有变量a，在类A中友元给类C；
设计类B继承A，添加私有变量b；在类C中测试访问类B的成员变量a, b;
设计类D继承C，在D的成员函数中测试访问类A的成员变量a，类B的成员变量a, b。
3、多态性综合运用
一般多态性函数：输入输出参数完全一样，在父类中添加virtual；
特殊多态性函数：输入或输出参数在子类中是父类的指针或基类的引用，在子类中对于的是子类的指针或子类的引用；
析构函数的多态性；
多继承，注意什么情况需要虚继承；
设计矢量图，运用多继承设计组合图形，要求具备创建不同类型矢量图、选择图形、移动图形、用不同颜色显示图形（表示选中与否），用vector或数组管理图形。
二、实验代码
1.继承访问权限测试
代码如下（示例）：
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
int _a;
protected:
int _b;
private:
int _c;
};
class Pub_B :public A
{
public:
void Pub_Test()
{
_a = 10;
_b = 20;
//_c不可访问；
}
int Pub_pub_b1;
protected:
int Pub_pro_b1;
private:
int Pub_pri_b1;
};
class Pro_B :protected A
{
public:
void Pro_Test()
{
_a = 10;
_b = 20;
//_c不可访问；
}
int Pro_pub_b2;
protected:
int Pro_pro_b2;
private:
int Pro_pri_b2;
};
class Pri_B :private A
{
public:
void Pri_Test()
{
_a = 10;
_b = 20;
//_c不可访问；
}
int Pri_pub_b3;
protected:
int Pri_pro_b3;
private:
int Pri_pri_b3;
};
class New_Pri_B :private A
{
public:
void New_Pri_Test()
{
_a = 10;
_b = 20;
}
int npri_pub_b;
using A::_a;
protected:
int npri_pro_b;
private:
int npri_pri_b;
};
void main()
{
A a;
a._a;
//a._b,a._c不可访问
Pub_B s1;
s1.Pub_pub_b1;
s1._a;
//s1._b;
//si._c;
//s1.pub_pro_b2;不可访问
//s1.pub_pri_b3;不可访问
Pro_B s2;
s2.Pro_pub_b2;
//s2._a;s2._b;s2._c;
//s2.pro_pro_b2;不可访问
//s2.pro_pri_b3;不可访问
Pri_B s3;
s3.Pri_pub_b3;
//s3._a;s3._b;s3._c;
//s3.pri_pro_b2;不可访问
//s3.pri_pri_b3;不可访问
New_Pri_B s4;
s4.npri_pub_b;
s4._a;
//s4.pri_pro_b2;
//s4._b;
}
2.友元类继承测试
代码如下（示例）：
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
private:
int a=100;
friend class C;
};
class B :public A
{
private:
int b=10;
};
class C
{
public:
void test()
{
B b1;
b1.a;
//b1.b不可访问
}
};
class D :public C
{
public:
void test()
{
A a1;
//a1.a;不可访问
B b1;
//b1.a;不可访问
//b1.b;不可访问
}
};
3.多态的综合应用
(1)CShape.h
代码如下（示例）：
#ifndef CSHAPE_H
#define CSHAPE_H
#include<string>
#include<math.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class CPoint;
class CRect;
class CShape
{
public:
CShape();
CShape(const CShape& shape);
virtual ~CShape();
virtual double GetArea() const;
virtual bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
virtual bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
virtual void Draw() const;
virtual void DrawColor();
virtual CShape* Clone() const;
virtual CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
protected:
string m_sName;
};
class CPoint :public CShape {
public:
int m_nPosX;
int m_nPosY;
CPoint() {
m_nPosX = 0;
m_nPosY = 0;
}
CPoint(int nPosX, int nPosY);
CPoint(const CPoint& pt);
virtual ~CPoint();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CPoint* Clone() const;
CPoint& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
};
class CTriangle :virtual public CShape {
public:
CTriangle() {}
CTriangle(const CPoint& pt1, const CPoint& pt2, const CPoint& pt3);
CTriangle(const CTriangle& rc);
CTriangle(const CPoint& pt);
virtual ~CTriangle();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CShape* Clone() const;
CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
CPoint m_pts[3];
};
class CRect :virtual public CShape {
public:
CRect() {}
CRect(CPoint pt1, CPoint pt2);
CRect(const CRect& rc);
CRect(CPoint pt1);
virtual ~CRect();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CShape* Clone() const;
CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
CPoint m_ptLT;
CPoint m_ptBR;
};
class Comgraphics :public CRect, public CTriangle {
public:
Comgraphics(const CRect& pt1);
Comgraphics(const Comgraphics& rc);
Comgraphics(const CPoint pt1);
virtual ~Comgraphics();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CShape* Clone() const;
CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
CPoint m_pt1;
CPoint m_pt2;
};
#endif
(2)main.cpp
代码如下（示例）：
#include<vector>
#include "graphics.h"
#include<iostream>
#include "CShape.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//图形画布基础设置
initgraph(640, 480);
setbkcolor(WHITE);
delay_ms(0);
setcolor(BLACK);
setfont(20, 0, "楷体");
setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
//enter+左击-->新建矩形");
//enter+右击-->新建三角形");
//enter+滚轮中间-->新建组合图形
//ctrl+左击-->复制图形");
//ctrl+右击-->粘贴图形");
vector<CShape*>shapes;
vector<CShape*>shapestmp;
shapes.push_back(new CTriangle(CPoint(320, 320), CPoint(250, 340), CPoint(340, 450)));
//shapes.push_back(new CTriangle(CPoint(10, 10), CPoint(150, 10), CPoint(150, 150)));
shapes.push_back(new CRect(CPoint(200, 200), CPoint(300, 300)));
shapes.push_back(new Comgraphics(CRect(CPoint(250, 50))));
//移动
bool move_flag = false;
bool copy_flag = false;
bool redraw = true;
//鼠标点击时记录它的坐标
int clickX, clickY;
int copyX, copyY;
int checkedid = -1;
int copyid = -1;
for (; is_run(); delay_fps(60)) {
while (mousemsg()) {
mouse_msg msg = getmouse();
//判断鼠标的移动
if (msg.is_move()) {
if (checkedid != -1) {
if (move_flag) {
shapes[checkedid]->Move(msg.x - clickX, msg.y - clickY);
}
}
clickX = msg.x;
clickY = msg.y;
redraw = true;
}
// 判断鼠标左键
else if (msg.is_left()) {
// 判断鼠标左键是否按下
if (msg.is_down()) {
clickX = msg.x;
clickY = msg.y;
CPoint pt = CPoint(clickX, clickY);
int isIn = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < shapes.size(); i++) {
if (shapes[i]->ptIn(pt)) {
isIn = 1;
//如果鼠标在图形区域内就设置移动的flag为true
move_flag = true;
checkedid = i;
redraw = true;
break;
}
}
if (isIn == 0)
checkedid = -1;
}
else {
move_flag = false;
}
}
}
// 重新绘图
if (redraw) {
redraw = false;
cleardevice();
for (int i = 0; i < shapes.size(); i++) {
if (i == checkedid)
shapes[i]->DrawColor();
else
shapes[i]->Draw();
}
}
while (kbmsg()) {
key_msg msgk = getkey();
if (msgk.key == key_enter && msgk.msg == key_msg_down) {
mouse_msg msgm = getmouse();
if (msgm.is_left()) {
// 判断鼠标左键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
shapes.push_back(new CRect(CPoint(msgm.x, msgm.y)));
redraw = true;
}
}
if (msgm.is_right()) {
// 判断鼠标右键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
shapes.push_back(new CTriangle(CPoint(msgm.x, msgm.y)));
redraw = true;
}
}
if (msgm.is_mid()) {
CRect r1 = CRect(CPoint(msgm.x, msgm.y));
// 判断鼠标中键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
shapes.push_back(new Comgraphics(r1));
redraw = true;
}
}
}
if (msgk.key == key_control && msgk.msg == key_msg_down) {
mouse_msg msgm = getmouse();
if (msgm.is_left()) {
// 判断鼠标左键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
copyX = msgm.x;
copyY = msgm.y;
CPoint pt = CPoint(copyX, copyY);
for (int i = 0; i < shapes.size(); i++) {
if (shapes[i]->ptIn(pt)) {
//如果鼠标在图形区域内就设置移动的flag为true
copy_flag = true;
copyid = i;
break;
}
}
}
}
if (msgm.is_right()) {
// 判断鼠标右键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
if (copy_flag == true) {
shapes.push_back(&(shapes[copyid]->Clone())->Move(msgm.x - copyX, msgm.y - copyY));
redraw = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
closegraph();
return 0;
}
(3)CShape.cpp
代码如下（示例）：
#include "CShape.h"
#include "graphics.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//CShape
CShape::CShape()
{
}
CShape::CShape(const CShape& shape) {
m_sName = shape.m_sName;
}
CShape::~CShape()
{
}
double CShape::GetArea() const {
return 0;
}
bool CShape::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return false;
}
bool CShape::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return false;
}
void CShape::Draw() const
{
}
void CShape::DrawColor()
{
}
CShape* CShape::Clone() const {
return new CShape(*this);
}
CShape& CShape::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
return *this;
}
//CPoint
CPoint::CPoint(int nPosX, int nPosY) {
m_nPosX = nPosX;
m_nPosY = nPosY;
}
CPoint::CPoint(const CPoint& pt) {
m_nPosX = pt.m_nPosX;
m_nPosY = pt.m_nPosY;
}
CPoint::~CPoint() {
//cout << "CPoint::~CPoint()\n";
}
double CPoint::GetArea() const {
return 0;
}
bool CPoint::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return false;
}
bool CPoint::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return rc.ptIn(*this);
}
void CPoint::Draw() const {
circle(m_nPosX, m_nPosY, 2);
}
void CPoint::DrawColor()
{
}
CPoint* CPoint::Clone() const {
return new CPoint(*this);
}
CPoint& CPoint::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
m_nPosX += nOffsetX;
m_nPosY += nOffsetY;
return *this;
}
//CTriangle
CTriangle::CTriangle(const CTriangle& tri) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
m_pts[i] = tri.m_pts[i];
}
}
CTriangle::~CTriangle() {
//cout << "CTriangle::~CTriangle()\n";
}
CTriangle::CTriangle(const CPoint& pt1, const CPoint& pt2, const CPoint& pt3) {
m_pts[0] = pt1;
m_pts[1] = pt2;
m_pts[2] = pt3;
}
CTriangle::CTriangle(const CPoint& pt)
{
CPoint* pt1 = new CPoint(pt.m_nPosX + 100, pt.m_nPosY + 90);
CPoint* pt2 = new CPoint(pt.m_nPosX, pt.m_nPosY + 90);
m_pts[0] = pt;
m_pts[1] = *pt1;
m_pts[2] = *pt2;
}
CShape& CTriangle::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
m_pts[i].Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
}
return *this;
}
double CTriangle::GetArea() const {
int x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3;
x1 = m_pts[0].m_nPosX;
y1 = m_pts[0].m_nPosY;
x2 = m_pts[1].m_nPosX;
y2 = m_pts[1].m_nPosY;
x3 = m_pts[2].m_nPosX;
y3 = m_pts[2].m_nPosY;
double bottomLine = sqrt(pow(x1 - x2, 2) + pow(y1 - y2, 2));
double verticalLine1 = abs((y1 - y2) * x3 - (x1 - x2) * y3 + (x1 - x2) * y2 - (y1 - y2) * x2);
double verticalLine2 = sqrt(pow(y1 - y2, 2) + pow(x1 - x2, 2));
double verticalLine = verticalLine1 / verticalLine2;
return (verticalLine * bottomLine) / 2.0;
}
bool CTriangle::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
CTriangle c1 = CTriangle(m_pts[0], m_pts[1], pt);
CTriangle c2 = CTriangle(m_pts[1], m_pts[2], pt);
CTriangle c3 = CTriangle(m_pts[2], m_pts[0], pt);
double totalArea = c1.GetArea() + c2.GetArea() + c3.GetArea();
if (totalArea == this->GetArea())
return true;
else
return false;
}
bool CTriangle::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return rc.ptIn(m_pts[0]) && rc.ptIn(m_pts[1]) && rc.ptIn(m_pts[2]);
}
void CTriangle::Draw() const {
int poly[8] = { m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY,m_pts[1].m_nPosX,m_pts[1].m_nPosY,
m_pts[2].m_nPosX,m_pts[2].m_nPosY, m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY };
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF));
fillpoly(4, poly);
}
void CTriangle::DrawColor() {
int poly[8] = { m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY,m_pts[1].m_nPosX,m_pts[1].m_nPosY,
m_pts[2].m_nPosX,m_pts[2].m_nPosY, m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY };
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xA5, 0x00));
fillpoly(4, poly);
}
CShape* CTriangle::Clone() const {
return new CTriangle(*this);
}
//CRect
CRect::CRect(CPoint pt1, CPoint pt2) {
m_ptLT = CPoint(min(pt1.m_nPosX, pt2.m_nPosX), min(pt1.m_nPosY, pt2.m_nPosY));
m_ptBR = CPoint(max(pt1.m_nPosX, pt2.m_nPosX), max(pt1.m_nPosY, pt2.m_nPosY));
}
CRect::CRect(const CRect& rc) {
m_ptLT = rc.m_ptLT;
m_ptBR = rc.m_ptBR;
}
CRect::CRect(CPoint pt1)
{
m_ptLT = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX, pt1.m_nPosY);
m_ptBR = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX + 100, pt1.m_nPosY + 100);
}
CRect::~CRect() {
// cout << "CRect::CRect()\n";
}
double CRect::GetArea() const {
return (m_ptBR.m_nPosX - m_ptLT.m_nPosX) * (m_ptBR.m_nPosY - m_ptLT.m_nPosY);
}
bool CRect::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return (pt.m_nPosX >= m_ptLT.m_nPosX && pt.m_nPosX <= m_ptBR.m_nPosX) &&
(pt.m_nPosY >= m_ptLT.m_nPosY && pt.m_nPosY <= m_ptBR.m_nPosY);
}
bool CRect::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return rc.ptIn(m_ptLT) && rc.ptIn(m_ptBR);
}
void CRect::Draw() const {
// 存储n个顶点的x,y坐标
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形，第一个参数必须要传入n+1，pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
//drawpoly(5, pts);
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF));
fillpoly(5, pts);
}
void CRect::DrawColor() {
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形，第一个参数必须要传入n+1，pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xA5, 0x00));
fillpoly(5, pts);
}
CShape* CRect::Clone() const {
return new CRect(*this);
}
CShape& CRect::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
m_ptLT.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_ptBR.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
return *this;
}
//Comgraphics
Comgraphics::Comgraphics(const CRect& pt1) {
m_pt1.m_nPosX = pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosX;
m_pt1.m_nPosY = pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosY + (pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosY - pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosY) / 2;
m_pt2.m_nPosX = pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosX + (pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosX - pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosX) / 2;
m_pt2.m_nPosY = pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosY;
m_ptLT = pt1.m_ptLT;
m_ptBR = pt1.m_ptBR;
}
Comgraphics::Comgraphics(const Comgraphics& rc) {
m_pt1 = rc.m_pt1;
m_pt2 = rc.m_pt2;
m_ptBR = rc.m_ptBR;
m_ptLT = rc.m_ptLT;
}
Comgraphics::Comgraphics(const CPoint pt1) {
m_ptLT = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX, pt1.m_nPosY);
m_ptBR = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX + 60, pt1.m_nPosY + 80);
}
Comgraphics::~Comgraphics() {
cout << "Comgraphics::~Comgraphics()" << endl;
}
double Comgraphics::GetArea() const {
return 0.0;
}
bool Comgraphics::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return (pt.m_nPosX >= m_ptLT.m_nPosX && pt.m_nPosX <= m_ptBR.m_nPosX) &&
(pt.m_nPosY >= m_ptLT.m_nPosY && pt.m_nPosY <= m_ptBR.m_nPosY);
}
bool Comgraphics::InRect(const CRect& rc) const const {
return rc.ptIn(m_ptLT) && rc.ptIn(m_ptBR);
}
void Comgraphics::Draw() const {
// 存储n个顶点的x,y坐标
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形，第一个参数必须要传入n+1，pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
//drawpoly(5, pts);
setfillcolor(GREEN);
fillpoly(5, pts);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY);
}
void Comgraphics::DrawColor() {
// 存储n个顶点的x,y坐标
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形，第一个参数必须要传入n+1，pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
setfillcolor(YELLOW);
fillpoly(5, pts);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY);
}
CShape* Comgraphics::Clone() const {
return new Comgraphics(*(this));
}
CShape& Comgraphics::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
m_ptLT.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_ptBR.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_pt1.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_pt2.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
return *this;
}
(4)运行截图
四、总结
1.继承访问权限测试
如果想让继承而来的数据成员作为public或者protected成员，可以使用{using A::_a; }进行重新声明。重新声明的数据成员的访问权限由using之前的访问说明符来决定如：
public:
void New_Pri_Test()
{
_a = 10;
_b = 20;
}
int npri_pub_b;
using A::_a;
那么此时a的访问权限是public；
2.继承访问权限测试
（1）当类Y被说明为类X的友元时，类Y的所有成员函数都成为类X的友元函数，这就意味着作为友元类Y中的所有成员函数都可以访问类X中的所有成员（包括私有成员）。
（2）设计了A中有私有变量a，在A类中设置友元类C；设计B类继承A类并添加私有变量b。在C类中测试时，访问不到成员变量b，可以访问到成员变量a。
（3）设计D类继承C。在D类的成员函数中是访问不到A类的变量a，B类的a，b。
（4）
3.多态的综合应用
（1）多态按字面的意思就是多种形态。当类之间存在层次结构，并且类之间是通过继承关联时，就会用到多态。
（2）虚函数：
虚函数的作用：使属于不同派生类的不同对象产生不同的行为，从而实现运行时的多态
（4）特殊多态性含义为函数的参数是父类的指针（引用）或者子类的指针（引用）（即在运行过程中实现虚函数的绑定（运行时多态））
（5）虚继承：要使某个公共基类在派生类中只产生一个子对象，必须将该基类声明为虚继承，使这个基类成为虚基类；虚继承是在继承时使用关键字virtual将被继承的类声明为虚基类，使公共基类的成员在重复继承的派生类中只产生一个拷贝。
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