当使用多个Filter时,这些Filter将形成一个Filter链,web服务器在实例化Filter对象时,会将此Filter链传递给doFilter的FilterChain参数。当一个Filter执行doFilter方法时,在此方法中执行FilterChain参数的doFilter方法,将会执行下一个Filter(Filter链下一个还是Filter时)或者访问WEB资源(Filter链中没有Filter了),如图所示:
下面是在web.xml中配置多个Filter,通过程序来演示各个Filter的其执行先后顺序。
<filter>
<filter-name>FilterUtils</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.itcast.utils.FilterUtils</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>FilterUtils</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>EncodeFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.itcast.utils.EncodeFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>EncodeFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>FilterJsp</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.itcast.utils.FilterJsp</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>FilterJsp</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
三个Filter
public class FilterUtils implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("FilterUtils destory....");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("FilterUtils start....");
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
System.out.println("FilterUtils end....");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("FilterUtils init....");
}
}
public class EncodeFilter implements Filter {
private String encode;
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("EncodeFilter destroy....");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// req.setCharacterEncoding(encode);
// resp.setCharacterEncoding(encode);
// resp.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encode+"");
// chain.doFilter(req, resp);
System.out.println("EncodeFilter start....");
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
System.out.println("EncodeFilter end....");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// encode = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
System.out.println("EncodeFilter init....");
}
}
public class FilterJsp implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("FilterJSP destory....");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// System.out.println("do Filter....");
// req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// chain.doFilter(req, resp);
System.out.println("FilterJsp start....");
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
System.out.println("FilterJsp end....");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// System.out.println("init....");
// System.out.println("Filter Name is:"+config.getFilterName());
// Enumeration enumation = config.getInitParameterNames();
// String name;
// while(enumation.hasMoreElements()){
// name = (String) enumation.nextElement();
// System.out.println("name is:"+name);
// System.out.println("value is:"+config.getInitParameter(name));
// }
System.out.println("FilterJsp init....");
}
}
//初始化结果:
FilterUtils init....
EncodeFilter init....
FilterJsp init....
//访问WEB资源时的结果
FilterUtils start....
EncodeFilter start....
FilterJsp start....
你好中国
FilterJsp end....
EncodeFilter end....
FilterUtils end....
//web服务器关闭时结果:
FilterUtils destory....
EncodeFilter destroy....
FilterJSP destory....