Java的异常处理：try-catch-finally throws throw

Java的异常分为

编译时异常：这类异常在编写时就会出错，必须处理，不然没法编译

    public void method() {
        //此处会弹出编译时异常：FileNotFoundException
        FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream("Hello.txt");

        int b;
        //此处会弹出编译时异常：IOException
        if ((b = stream.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.println((char)b);
        }
        //此处会弹出编译时异常：IOException
        stream.close();
    }

运行时异常：这类异常编写时是正常的，运行时才会出错

    public static void method1() {
        int[] arr = new int[10];
        //此处异常编写时并不会弹出错误，运行时弹出异常：ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
        System.out.println(arr[10]);
    }

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• try-catch-finally：具体处理异常的过程
• throws：把异常抛给调用该方法的对象来处理

public void method2() {
        //method2方法收到异常后，进行了具体的处理
        try {
            method();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println("异常处理完成！");
        }
    }

    //method方法使用throws把异常交给调用该方法的对象处理
    public void method() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
        FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream("Hello.txt");

        int b;
        if ((b = stream.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.println((char)b);
        }
        stream.close();
    }

• throw：手动抛出一个异常

    public void method4() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入学生成绩：");
        double score = scanner.nextDouble();

        if (score >= 0 && score <= 100) {
            System.out.println(score);
        } else {
            //throw手动抛出一个RuntimeException，此处建议使用运行时异常类
            throw new RuntimeException("您输入的成绩有误");
        }
    }