Node.js--Mongoose使用进阶

Mongoose使用进阶

• 模式的扩展
• 模型的方法
• 数据的校验
• 中间件
• DBRof

模式的扩展

默认值的类型：

• 固定值
• 即时生成

创建一个default.js：

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;  
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/part10',{useMongoClient: true});

var UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
	nickname: {
		type: String,           //值的类型
		default: 'new user'     //默认值
	},
	regTime: {
		type: Date,             //值的类型
		default: Date.now       //默认值

	},
});

var User = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);

var user = new User();

console.log('user:', user);

运行结果：

模式修饰符：

• 预定义的模式修饰符
• 自定义setter修饰符
• 自定义getter修饰符

setter修饰符：

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;  
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/part10',{useMongoClient: true});

var User = mongoose.model('User', {
	nickname: {
		type: String,
		trim: true
	},
	blog: {
		type: String,
		set: function(url){
			if(!url) return url;
           
			if(url.indexOf('http://') !== 0 || url.indexOf('https://') !== 0)
				url = 'http://' + url;
			
				return url;
			
			}
		}
});

var user = new User({
	nickname: "    Sid   ",
	blog: 'chensd.com'
});

console.log('user:', user);

运行结果：

getter修饰符：

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/part10',{useMongoClient: true});

var User = mongoose.model('User', {
	blog: {
		type: String,
		get: function(url){
			if(!url) return url;

			if(0 !== url.indexOf('http://') && 0 !== url.indexOf("https://"))
				url = 'http://'+url;

			return url;
		}
	}
});

var user = new User({
	blog: 'chensd.com'
});

user.save(function(err){
	if(err){
		return console.log('save error:' , err);
	}

	console.log('blog url: ', user.blog);
});

运行结果：

虚拟属性：

• Schema.virtual()
• 转换为JSON

virtual.js:

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

var PersonSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
	firstName: String,
	lastName: String
});

PersonSchema.virtual('fullName').get(function(){
	return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName;
});

var Person = mongoose.model('Person', PersonSchema);

var person = new Person({
	firstName: 'Sid',
	lastName: 'chen'
});

console.log('user fullName', person.fullName);

运行结果：

转换为JSON：

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

var PersonSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
	firstName: String,
	lastName: String
});

PersonSchema.virtual('fullName').get(function(){
	return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName;
});

var Person = mongoose.model('Person', PersonSchema);

var person = new Person({
	firstName: 'Sid',
	lastName: 'chen'
});

console.log('user fullName', person.fullName);

console.log('JSON:', JSON.stringify(person));

运行结果：

注意：模型的实例在转换为JSON的时候，不会把虚拟属性放进去

可以通过添加下面一行代码，可以让模型的实例在转换为JSON的时候，把虚拟属性放进去

PersonSchema.set('toJSON', (getters:true, virtual: true));

运行结果：

索引：

• 索引的目的
• 唯一索引：可以检查是否唯一
• 辅助索引：增加查询速度

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

var BookSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
	isbn: {
		type: Number,
		unique: true     //唯一索引
	},
	name: {
		type: String,
		index: true      //辅助索引
	}
});

模型的方法

• 方法的分类
• 自定义静态方法
• 自定义实例方法

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/part10',{useMongoClient:true});

var BookSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
	name: String,
	isbn: Number
});

BookSchema.statics.findBtISBN = function(isbn, cb){        //静态方法
	this.findOne({isbn: isbn}, function(err, doc){
		cb(err, doc);
	});
};

BookSchema.methods.print = function(){                  //实例方法
	console.log('Book Information:');
	console.log('tTitle:', this.name);
	console.log('tISBN:', this.isbn);
};

var Book = mongoose.model('Book', BookSchema);

var book = new Book({
	name: 'MEAN Web Development',
	isbn:9787100
});

book.save(function(err){
	if(err){
		return console.log('save book filed', err);
	}

	Book.findBtISBN(9787100, function(err, doc){
		console.log('findByISBN, err, doc:', err, doc);
	});

	book.print();
});

运行结果：

注意：实例方法的结果在前面是调用执行静态方法后需要执行回调方法，直接下来执行实例方法，实例方法执行完后，静态方法回调查到结果。

数据校验

• 预定义的验证器：require，Number(max, min),String(enum, match)
• 自定义的验证器

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/part10',{useMongoClient:true});

var OrderSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
	count: {
		type: Number,                      //Number(max, min)预定验证器
		required: true,	   	               //required预定义验证器
		max: 1000,                
		min: 10
	},
	status: {
		type: String,
		enum: ['created', 'sucess', 'failed']
	},
	desc: {
		type: String, 		               //String(enum,match)预定义验证器
		match: /book/g,
		validate: function(desc) {         //自定义的验证器
			return desc.length >= 10;
		}
	}
});

var Order = mongoose.model('Order', OrderSchema);

var order = new Order();
order.count = 10;
order.status = 'created';
order.desc = 'this is a great book';

order.save(function(err){

	if(err){
		return console.log('save failed:', err);
	}
	console.log('save success');
})

中间件

• 类型：文档中间件（init / validate / save / remove）, 查询中间件（count  / find / findOne / findOneAndRemove / finfOneAndUpdate / update ）
• 预处理中间件
• 后置处理中间件

文档中间件：当我们某一个文档在执行某些特定的操作的时候，触发的中间件（当把文档从数据库中取出来之后，变为node.js对象之前的时机）

查询中间件：当我们执行某个特定的查询操作的时候，触发的中间件

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/part10',{useMongoClient:true});

var ResellerSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
	address: String
});

ResellerSchema.post('save', function(next){
	console.log('this is ResellerSchema post save middleware');
	next();
});

ResellerSchema.pre('save', true, function(next, done){
	console.log('this is ResellerSchema pre save middleware');
	next();
	done();
});

var Reseller = mongoose.model('Reseller', ResellerSchema);

var reseller = new Reseller({
	address: '101st, People Read'
});

reseller.save();

运行结果：

DBRef

• DBRef的定义
• populate()

代码：

var mongoose = require('mongoose');

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/part10',{useMongoClient: true});

var User = mongoose.model('User', {
	username: String
});

var News = mongoose.model('News', {
	title: String,
	author: {
		type: mongoose.Schema.ObjectId,
		ref: 'User'
	}
});

var user = new User({
	username: 'Sid'
});

var news = new News({
	title: 'Congratulation!',
	author: user
});

user.save(function(err){
	if(err) {
		return console.log('save user failed:', err);
	}
	news.save(function(err){
		if(err) {
			return console.log('save news failed:', err);
		}

		News.findOne().populate('author').exec(function(err, doc){
			console.log('after populate:', err, doc);
		});
	});
});

运行结果：