Arduino UNO控制3.5inch ILI9486显示屏教程
这几天在做一个Arduino + ESP8266 + 甲醛气体传感器 + Andriod APP + 树莓派的物联网实验，大致思想是Arduino + ESP8266 + 甲醛气体传感器作为传感器节点检测数据；Andriod APP实现与该传感器节点的网络连接与同一局域网下的网络通信，包括设置WiFi模式，设置检测频率，读取传感器数据等；树莓派作为一个小型服务器，将传感器节点实时采集的数据存入数据库，并可以实现Andriod APP远程手机访问和检索。期间，由于涉及到传感器节点数据显示的问题，为了实现传感器节点的单独使用，采购了一个ILI9486的3.5inch的显示屏。本文主要总结Arduino UNO对该屏幕的使用方法。
1. 下载支持库
点击下载链接，下载“3.5寸Arduino UNO模块配套资料包”。
2. 添加库文件
这里使用的是Arduino 1.8.9，切换路径至：下载文件目录\1-Demo\Demo_Arduino\Install libraries，将此文件夹下的所有文件夹拷贝至Arduino IDE根目录下的libraries文件夹中。
3. 库文件的修改
LCDWIKI_KBV文件夹下的lcd_mode.h可修改8或16位模式，保持默认即可。LCDWIKI_KBV可以在Arduino中直接创建LCD对象，LCDWIKI_GUI为LCDWIKI_KBV的基类，主要方法如下：
virtual uint16_t Color_To_565(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b)=0;
virtual void Draw_Pixe(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color)=0;
virtual void Fill_Rect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color)=0;
virtual void Set_Addr_Window(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2)=0;
virtual void Push_Any_Color(uint16_t * block, int16_t n, bool first, uint8_t flags)=0;
virtual int16_t Read_GRAM(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t *block, int16_t w, int16_t h)=0;
virtual int16_t Get_Height(void) const=0;
virtual int16_t Get_Width(void) const=0;
//These exist only with LCDWIKI_GUI(no subclass overrides)
void Set_Draw_color(uint16_t color);
void Set_Draw_color(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
uint16_t Get_Draw_color(void) const;
void Draw_Pixel(int16_t x, int16_t y);
uint16_t Read_Pixel(int16_t x, int16_t y);
void Draw_Fast_VLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h);
void Draw_Fast_HLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w);
void Fill_Screen(uint16_t color);
void Fill_Screen(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
void Draw_Line(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2);
void Draw_Rectangle(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2);
void Fill_Rectangle(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2);
void Draw_Round_Rectangle(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2, uint8_t radius);
void Fill_Round_Rectangle(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2,int16_t y2, int16_t radius);
void Draw_Circle(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t radius);
void Draw_Circle_Helper(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t radius, uint8_t cornername);
void Fill_Circle(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t radius);
void Fill_Circle_Helper(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r, uint8_t cornername,int16_t delta);
void Draw_Triangle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,int16_t x2, int16_t y2);
void Fill_Triangle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t x1, int16_t y1,int16_t x2, int16_t y2);
void Draw_Bit_Map(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t sx, int16_t sy, const uint16_t *data, int16_t scale);
void Set_Text_Cousur(int16_t x, int16_t y);
int16_t Get_Text_X_Cousur(void) const;
int16_t Get_Text_Y_Cousur(void) const;
void Set_Text_colour(uint16_t color);
void Set_Text_colour(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
uint16_t Get_Text_colour(void) const;
void Set_Text_Back_colour(uint16_t color);
void Set_Text_Back_colour(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
uint16_t Get_Text_Back_colour(void) const;
void Set_Text_Size(uint8_t s);
uint8_t Get_Text_Size(void) const;
void Set_Text_Mode(boolean mode);
boolean Get_Text_Mode(void) const;
size_t Print(uint8_t *st, int16_t x, int16_t y);
void Print_String(const uint8_t *st, int16_t x, int16_t y);
void Print_String(uint8_t *st, int16_t x, int16_t y);
void Print_String(String st, int16_t x, int16_t y);
void Print_Number_Int(long num, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t length, uint8_t filler, int16_t system);
void Print_Number_Float(double num, uint8_t dec, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t divider, int16_t length, uint8_t filler);
void Draw_Char(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t c, uint16_t color,uint16_t bg, uint8_t size, boolean mode);
size_t write(uint8_t c);
int16_t Get_Display_Width(void) const;
int16_t Get_Display_Height(void) const;
LCDWIKI_KBV的方法如下：
void Init_LCD(void);
void reset(void);
void start(uint16_t ID);
void Draw_Pixe(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color);
void Write_Cmd(uint16_t cmd);
void Write_Data(uint16_t data);
void Write_Cmd_Data(uint16_t cmd, uint16_t data);
void init_table8(const void *table, int16_t size);
void init_table16(const void *table, int16_t size);
void Push_Command(uint16_t cmd, uint8_t *block, int8_t N);
uint16_t Color_To_565(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
uint16_t Read_ID(void);
void Fill_Rect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t color);
void Set_Rotation(uint8_t r);
uint8_t Get_Rotation(void) const;
void Invert_Display(boolean i);
uint16_t Read_Reg(uint16_t reg, int8_t index);
int16_t Read_GRAM(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t *block, int16_t w, int16_t h);
void Set_Addr_Window(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2);
void Push_Any_Color(uint16_t * block, int16_t n, bool first, uint8_t flags);
void Push_Any_Color(uint8_t * block, int16_t n, bool first, uint8_t flags);
void Vert_Scroll(int16_t top, int16_t scrollines, int16_t offset);
int16_t Get_Height(void) const;
int16_t Get_Width(void) const;
void Set_LR(void);
大家如果有需要可以根据函数声明自行调用，这里我主要用来显示字符串、数字和汉字，偶尔画个图，所以用到的并不多。
4. Arduino使用ILI9486库
首先需要实例化一个对象：
LCDWIKI_KBV my_lcd(ILI9486,A3,A2,A1,A0,A4); //model,cs,cd,wr,rd,reset#define BLACK 0x0000
定义一些颜色的宏：
#define BLUE 0x001F
#define RED 0xF800
#define GREEN 0x07E0
#define CYAN 0x07FF
#define MAGENTA 0xF81F
#define YELLOW 0xFFE0
#define WHITE 0xFFFF
以及颜色名数组和相应的按位与运算数组
char *color_name[] = { "BLUE", "GREEN", "RED", "WHITE" ,"CYAN","MAGENTA","YELLOW"};
uint16_t color_mask[] = { 0x001F, 0x07E0, 0xF800, 0xFFFF,0x07FF,0xF81F,0xFFE0 };
接着就是一些可以直接拿来用的函数：
- 16*16、24*24、32*32 PCtoLCD200 字显示函数：
void show_16font(uint16_t x, uint16_t y,uint16_t fc, uint16_t bc,uint8_t *str,uint8_t mode)
{
uint16_t i,j,k,c_num,color=0;
boolean first = true;
c_num = sizeof(tfont16)/sizeof(typFNT_GB16);
for(k=0;k<c_num;k++)
{ //pgm_read_byte
if((pgm_read_byte(&tfont16[k].Index[0])==*str) && (pgm_read_byte(&tfont16[k].Index[1])==*(str+1)))
{
my_lcd.Set_Addr_Window(x, y, x+16-1, y+16-1);
for(j=0;j<32;j++)
{
for(i = 0;i<8;i++)
{
if(mode) //叠加模式
{
if(pgm_read_byte(&tfont16[k].Msk[j])&(0x80>>i))
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(fc);
my_lcd.Draw_Pixel(x+((j*8+i)%16),y+((j*8+i)/16));
}
}
else //非叠加模式
{
if(pgm_read_byte(&tfont16[k].Msk[j])&(0x80>>i))
{
color = fc;
}
else
{
color = bc;
}
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(&color, 1, first, 0);
first = false;
}
}
}
}
}
}
void show_24font(uint16_t x, uint16_t y,uint16_t fc, uint16_t bc,uint8_t *str,uint8_t mode)
{
uint16_t i,j,k,c_num,color;
boolean first = true;
c_num = sizeof(tfont24)/sizeof(typFNT_GB24);
for(k=0;k<c_num;k++)
{
if((pgm_read_byte(&tfont24[k].Index[0])==*str) && (pgm_read_byte(&tfont24[k].Index[1])==*(str+1)))
{
my_lcd.Set_Addr_Window(x, y, x+24-1, y+24-1);
for(j=0;j<72;j++)
{
for(i = 0;i<8;i++)
{
if(mode) //叠加模式
{
if(pgm_read_byte(&tfont24[k].Msk[j])&(0x80>>i))
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(fc);
my_lcd.Draw_Pixel(x+((j*8+i)%24),y+((j*8+i)/24));
}
}
else //非叠加模式
{
if(pgm_read_byte(&tfont24[k].Msk[j])&(0x80>>i))
{
color = fc;
}
else
{
color = bc;
}
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(&color, 1, first, 0);
first = false;
}
}
}
}
}
}
void show_32font(uint16_t x, uint16_t y,uint16_t fc, uint16_t bc,uint8_t *str,uint8_t mode)
{
uint16_t i,j,k,c_num,color;
boolean first = true;
c_num = sizeof(tfont32)/sizeof(typFNT_GB32);
for(k=0;k<c_num;k++)
{
if((pgm_read_byte(&tfont32[k].Index[0])==*str) && (pgm_read_byte(&tfont32[k].Index[1])==*(str+1)))
{
my_lcd.Set_Addr_Window(x, y, x+32-1, y+32-1);
for(j=0;j<128;j++)
{
for(i = 0;i<8;i++)
{
if(mode) //叠加模式
{
if(pgm_read_byte(&tfont32[k].Msk[j])&(0x80>>i))
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(fc);
my_lcd.Draw_Pixel(x+((j*8+i)%32),y+((j*8+i)/32));
}
}
else //非叠加模式
{
if(pgm_read_byte(&tfont32[k].Msk[j])&(0x80>>i))
{
color = fc;
}
else
{
color = bc;
}
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(&color, 1, first, 0);
first = false;
}
}
}
}
}
}
字体取模软件PCtoLCD200在第1步下载的文件夹下可以找到，生成的字体数组可以单独放在一个头文件中。
- 显示移动函数：
void scroll(uint16_t t)
{
uint16_t i;
for (i = 1; i <= my_lcd.Get_Display_Width(); i++)
{
my_lcd.Vert_Scroll(0, my_lcd.Get_Display_Width(), i);
delay(t);
}
}
void windowscroll(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t wid, int16_t ht, int16_t dx, int16_t dy, uint16_t *buf)
{
if (dx)
{
for (int16_t row = 0; row < ht; row++)
{
my_lcd.Read_GRAM(x, y + row, buf,wid, 1);
my_lcd.Set_Addr_Window(x, y + row, x + wid - 1, y + row);
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(buf + dx, wid - dx, 1,0);
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(buf + 0, dx, 0,0);
}
}
if (dy)
{
for (int16_t col = 0; col < wid; col++)
{
my_lcd.Read_GRAM(x + col, y, buf,1, ht);
my_lcd.Set_Addr_Window(x + col, y, x + col, y + ht - 1);
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(buf + dy, ht - dy, 1,0);
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(buf + 0, dy, 0,0);
}
}
}
- 显示图片函数：
void showpic(void)
{
int i;
my_lcd.Set_Addr_Window(my_lcd.Get_Display_Width()-40-40, 20, my_lcd.Get_Display_Width()-40-1, 59);
my_lcd.Push_Any_Color(penguin_pic, 1600, 1, 1);
}
- 显示汉字函数
void showchinese(uint8_t *str,uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint16_t csize,uint16_t fc, uint16_t bc, uint8_t mode)
{
int i = 0;
if(x>(my_lcd.Get_Display_Width()-csize)||y>(my_lcd.Get_Display_Height()-csize))
{
return;
}
while(*str!='\0')
{
if(csize==32)
{
show_32font(x, y,fc, bc,str,mode);
}
else if(csize==24)
{
show_24font(x, y,fc, bc,str,mode);
}
else
{
show_16font(x, y,fc, bc,str,mode);
}
str+=3;
x+=csize;
}
}
- 显示字符串函数：
void showstring(uint8_t *str,int16_t x,int16_t y,uint8_t csize,uint16_t fc, uint16_t bc,boolean mode)
{
my_lcd.Set_Text_Mode(mode);
my_lcd.Set_Text_Size(csize);
my_lcd.Set_Text_colour(fc);
my_lcd.Set_Text_Back_colour(bc);
my_lcd.Print_String(str,x,y);
//my_lcd.Print_Number_Float(01234.56789, 4, x, y, '.', 2, ' ');
}
- 显示数字函数：
void shownumber(float num,int16_t x,int16_t y,uint8_t csize,uint16_t fc, uint16_t bc,boolean mode,uint16_t dotnum)
{
my_lcd.Set_Text_Mode(mode);
my_lcd.Set_Text_Size(csize);
my_lcd.Set_Text_colour(fc);
my_lcd.Set_Text_Back_colour(bc);
my_lcd.Print_Number_Float(num, dotnum, x, y, '.', 2, ' ');
}
- 设置背景色函数：
void setcolor(int16_t x1,int16_t y1,int16_t x2,int16_t y2,
uint8_t *str,int16_t grade,int16_t type = 0,int16_t diff = 0) //type 0:全填充 1:自左向右 2:自上向下 3:自中心向左右 4:自中心向上下
{
uint16_t i,l,mask;
for(i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{
if(str == color_name[i])
break;
}
mask = color_mask[i];
switch(type)
{
case 0:
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(grade*8, grade*8, grade*8);
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(my_lcd.Get_Draw_color()&mask);
my_lcd.Fill_Rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
break;
case 1:
for(i = x1; i < x2; i++)
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(grade*8-(x1-i)*diff, grade*8-(x1-i)*diff, grade*8-(x1-i)*diff);
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(my_lcd.Get_Draw_color()&mask);
my_lcd.Fill_Rectangle(i,y1,i,y2);
}
break;
case 2:
for(i = y1; i < y2; i++)
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(grade*8-(y1-i)*diff, grade*8-(y1-i)*diff, grade*8-(y1-i)*diff);
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(my_lcd.Get_Draw_color()&mask);
my_lcd.Fill_Rectangle(x1,i,x2,i);
}
break;
case 3:
l = (x1+x2)/2;
for(i = l; i < x2; i++)
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(grade*8-(l-i)*diff, grade*8-(l-i)*diff, grade*8-(l-i)*diff);
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(my_lcd.Get_Draw_color()&mask);
my_lcd.Fill_Rectangle(i,y1,i,y2);
}
for(i = l; i > x1; i--)
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(grade*8-(i-l)*diff, grade*8-(i-l)*diff, grade*8-(i-l)*diff);
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(my_lcd.Get_Draw_color()&mask);
my_lcd.Fill_Rectangle(i,y1,i,y2);
}
break;
case 4:
l = (y1+y2)/2;
for(i = l; i < y2; i++)
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(grade*8-(l-i)*diff, grade*8-(l-i)*diff, grade*8-(l-i)*diff);
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(my_lcd.Get_Draw_color()&mask);
my_lcd.Fill_Rectangle(x1,i,x2,i);
}
for(i = l; i > y1; i--)
{
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(grade*8-(i-l)*diff, grade*8-(i-l)*diff, grade*8-(i-l)*diff);
my_lcd.Set_Draw_color(my_lcd.Get_Draw_color()&mask);
my_lcd.Fill_Rectangle(x1,i,x2,i);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
type可以用来设置渐变色，diff可影响渐变程度
- 以下为一些使用示例：
//char *color_name[] = { "BLUE", "GREEN", "RED", "WHITE" ,"CYAN","MAGENTA","YELLOW"};
//my_lcd.Fill_Screen(BLACK); //填充
//my_lcd.Set_Rotation(1); //02:竖屏 13:横屏
//setcolor(0,0,100,100,"BLUE",20); //20 颜色深度
//scroll(10);
//showstring("to blossom.Yes OK",0,160,1,GREEN, BLACK,0);
//showchinese("甲醛检测设备",0,150,32,YELLOW, BLACK,0);
//setcolor(239,0,241,320,"CYAN",30);
//uint16_t scrollbuf[my_lcd.Get_Display_Height()];
//showstring("SOFTWARE SCROLL",0,216,2,YELLOW, BLACK,0);
//for (int16_t i = my_lcd.Get_Display_Width(), dx = 4, dy = 0; i > 0; i -= dx)
//{
// windowScroll(0, 216, my_lcd.Get_Display_Width(), 16, dx, dy, scrollbuf);
//}
以下为setup()参考函数：
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
my_lcd.Init_LCD();
Serial.println(my_lcd.Read_ID(), HEX);
my_lcd.Fill_Screen(BLACK); //填充
my_lcd.Set_Rotation(1); //02:竖屏 13:横屏
//showchinese("欢迎您",0,150,32,YELLOW, BLACK,0);
my_lcd.Fill_Screen(BLACK);
setcolor(240,2,241,320,"WHITE",30);
setcolor(0,160,480,161,"WHITE",30);
setcolor(0,0,480,30,"CYAN",15,4,10);
showchinese("甲醛含量",0,50,32,YELLOW, BLACK,0);
showchinese("温度",0,180,32,MAGENTA, BLACK,0);
showchinese("℃",200,180,32,GREEN, BLACK,0);
showchinese("湿度",0,270,32,MAGENTA, BLACK,0);
shownumber(23.85,0,240,3,GREEN, BLACK,1,2);
delay(1000);
}
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