1、RPC的基本模型
RPC的基本通信模型是基于Client/Server进程间相互通信模型的一种同步通信形式;它对Client提供了远程服务的过程抽象,其底层消息传递操作对Client是透明的。在RPC中,Client即是请求服务的调用者(Caller),而Server则是执行Client的请求而被调用的程序 (Callee)。
2、自定义RPC实现
下面主要是通过socket来模拟rpc的客户端和服务器端通信。而socket是典型网络通信模型,同步的(这里不提NIO)。我们定义一个server端,首先定义服务实现类HelloServiceImp,一个普通类而已,对外提供可以访问的方法即可。然后开启serversocket,等待客户端发送消息。客户端发送的消息内容:服务方法名称+参数列表和实参值。服务器据此调用本地该方法得到返回值并发送到客户端即完成一次rpc通讯,是不是超级简单呢?
接下来具体代码实现(此处参照了网上一位同仁的实例):
首先是框架的代码
- package framework;
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- import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
- import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
- import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- import java.net.ServerSocket;
- import java.net.Socket;
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- public class RpcFramework {
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- public static void export(final Object service, int port) throws Exception {
- if (service == null)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("service instance == null");
- if (port <= 0 || port > 65535)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port " + port);
- System.out.println("Export service " + service.getClass().getName() + " on port " + port);
- ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(port);
- for(;;) {
- try {
- final Socket socket = server.accept();
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- try {
- ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- try {
- String methodName = input.readUTF();
- Class<?>[] parameterTypes = (Class<?>[])input.readObject();
- Object[] arguments = (Object[])input.readObject();
- ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- try {
- Method method = service.getClass().getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
- Object result = method.invoke(service, arguments);
- output.writeObject(result);
- } catch (Throwable t) {
- output.writeObject(t);
- } finally {
- output.close();
- }
- } finally {
- input.close();
- }
- } finally {
- socket.close();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }).start();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
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- //原理是通过代理,获得服务器端接口的一个“代理”的对象。对这个对象的所有操作都会调用invoke函数,在invoke函数中,是将被调用的函数名,参数列表和参数发送到服务器,并接收服务器处理的结果
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public static <T> T refer(final Class<T> interfaceClass, final String host, final int port) throws Exception {
- if (interfaceClass == null)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Interface class == null");
- if (! interfaceClass.isInterface())
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("The " + interfaceClass.getName() + " must be interface class!");
- if (host == null || host.length() == 0)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Host == null!");
- if (port <= 0 || port > 65535)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port " + port);
- System.out.println("Get remote service " + interfaceClass.getName() + " from server " + host + ":" + port);
- return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceClass.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] {interfaceClass}, new InvocationHandler() {
- public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] arguments) throws Throwable {
- Socket socket = new Socket(host, port);
- try {
- ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- try {
- output.writeUTF(method.getName());
- output.writeObject(method.getParameterTypes());
- output.writeObject(arguments);
- ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- try {
- Object result = input.readObject();
- if (result instanceof Throwable) {
- throw (Throwable) result;
- }
- return result;
- } finally {
- input.close();
- }
- } finally {
- output.close();
- }
- } finally {
- socket.close();
- }
- }
- });
- }
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- }
服务接口
- package user;
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- public interface HelloService {
- String hello(String name);
- }
实现服务
- package user;
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- public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService{
- public String hello(String name) {
- return "Hello " + name;
- }
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- }
服务器
- package user;
- import framework.RpcFramework;
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- public class Server {
- public static void main(String []args) throws Exception {
- HelloService service = new HelloServiceImpl();
- RpcFramework.export(service, 1234);
- }
- }
客户机
- package user;
- import framework.RpcFramework;
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- public class Client {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- HelloService service = RpcFramework.refer(HelloService.class, "127.0.0.1", 1234);
- for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i ++) {
- String hello = service.hello("World" + i);
- System.out.println(hello);
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- }
- }
- }
3、hadoop中的rpc
大名鼎鼎的hadoop中的hdfs机制就大量采用了rpc。其中hadoop中namenode和datanode节点分布在不同的服务器中,通信基本采取rpc。
hadoop1.x版本中的namenode和secondaryNamenode通信亦是如此。hadoop2.x之后采用了HA机制,信息存储在journalnode节点上,而主备服务器节点通过zookeeper完成故障出现时候的切换。
具体代码实现如下:
一:服务端RPCServer
public class RPCServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws HadoopIllegalArgumentException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Builder builder=new RPC.Builder(new Configuration());
builder.setBindAddress("localhost").setPort(8888).setProtocol(LoginServiceInterface.class)
.setInstance(new LoginServiceImp());
Server server = builder.build();
server.start();
}
}
二:客户端
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
LoginServiceInterface proxy = RPC.getProxy(LoginServiceInterface.class, 1L, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8888), new Configuration());
String result = proxy.login("mijie", "123456");
System.out.println(result);
}
LoginServiceInterface就是一个普通服务接口,LoginserviceImp就是实现类,定义一个login方法即可,实现类代码如下:
public class LoginServiceImp implements LoginServiceInterface {
@Override
public String login(String username, String password) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return username+",hello";
}
}