[Python笔记09] Python Socket编程

1.HTTP、Socket、TCP

五层网络模型

Socket执行过程

2.client和server实现通信

server.py

import socket

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)  #协议
server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8000))  #绑定
server.listen() #监听
sock, addr = server.accept()    #接收


data = sock.recv(1024)  #获取从客户端发送的数据，每次获取1k的数据
print(data.decode("utf8"))
sock.send("hello {}".format(data.decode("utf8")).encode("utf8"))    #发送数据到客户端
server.close()  #关闭
sock.close()

client.py

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)  #协议
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8000)) #连接
client.send("bobby".encode("utf8")) #发送数据到服务端
data = client.recv(1024)    #接收客户端发送的数据
print(data.decode("utf8"))
client.close()  #关闭

先启动服务端，再启动客户端。

服务端输出结果

bobby

客户端输出结果

hello bobby

3.实现多人聊天

（1）实现单人聊天
server.py

import socket

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)  #协议
server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8000))  #绑定
server.listen() #监听
sock, addr = server.accept()    #接收

while True:
    data = sock.recv(1024)  #获取从客户端发送的数据，每次获取1k的数据
    print(data.decode("utf8"))
    re_data = "from client:" + input()
    sock.send(re_data.encode("utf8"))

client.py

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)  #协议
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8000)) #连接

while True:
    re_data = "from server:" + input()
    client.send(re_data.encode("utf8"))
    data = client.recv(1024)  #获取从服务端发送的数据，每次获取1k的数据
    print(data.decode("utf8"))

先运行server，再运行client，在client端输入hello，在server端就会收到from client:hello，在server端输入good morning，在client端就会收到from server:good morning，如下：
server端：

from client:hello

good morning
from client:how are you

I am fine

client端：

hello
from server:good morning

how are you
from server:I am fine

（2）实现多人聊天
server.py

import socket
import threading

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8000))
server.listen()

def handle_sock(sock, addr):
    while True:
        data = sock.recv(1024)
        print(data.decode("utf8"))
        re_data = "from server:" + input()
        sock.send(re_data.encode("utf8"))

while True:
    sock, addr = server.accept()
    
    #用线程去处理新接收的连接(用户)
    client_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_sock, args=(sock, addr))
    client_thread.start()

client.py

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8000))

while True:
    re_data = "from client:" + input()
    client.send(re_data.encode("utf8"))
    data = client.recv(1024)
    print(data.decode("utf8"))

运行一个server，运行两个client。
server：

from client:client1	#2.收到client1

server1	#3.发送server1
from client:client2	#6.收到client2

server2	#7.发送server2

client1：

client1	#1.输入client1
from server:server1	#4.收到server1

client2：

client2	#5.发送client2
from server:server2	#8.收到server2

（3）实现用户退出
server.py

import socket
import threading

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8000))
server.listen()

def handle_sock(sock, addr):
    while True:
        data = sock.recv(1024)
        if data.decode("utf8").split(":", 1)[1] == "exit":	#如果:后面的内容是exit，则退出
            print("one client exit")
            break
        else:
            print(data.decode("utf8"))
            re_data = "from server:" + input()
            sock.send(re_data.encode("utf8"))
    sock.close()
while True:
    sock, addr = server.accept()
    
    #用线程去处理新接收的连接(用户)
    client_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_sock, args=(sock, addr))
    client_thread.start()

client.py

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8000))

while True:
    re_data = "from client:" + input()
    client.send(re_data.encode("utf8"))
    if re_data.split(":", 1)[1] == "exit":
        print("see you~~")
        break
    data = client.recv(1024)
    print(data.decode("utf8"))

先开启1个server，3个client。。

server端

from client:client1

server1	#2
from client:client2

server2	#4
one client exit
from client:client2

server2	#7
one client exit
from client:client3

server3	#10

client1端：

client1	#1
from server:server1

exit	#5
see you~~

client2端：

client2	#3
from server:server2

client2	#6
from server:server2

exit	#8
see you~~

client3端：

client3	#9
from server:server3

4.socket模拟HTML请求

#requests ->urllib -> socket
import socket
from urllib.parse import urlparse

def get_url(url):
    #通过socket请求html
    url = urlparse(url)
    host = url.netloc
    path = url.path
    if path == "":
        path = "/"
    
    #建立socket连接
    client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    client.connect((host, 80))
    
    client.send("GET {} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:{}\r\nConnection:close\r\n\r\n".format(path, host).encode("utf8"))
    
    data = b""
    while True:
        d = client.recv(1024)
        if d:
            data += d
        else:
            break
        
    data = data.decode("utf8")
    html_data = data.split("\r\n\r\n")[1]
    print(html_data)
    client.close
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    get_url("http://www.baidu.com")