PREP 语法笔记 3

最新推荐文章于 2020-05-25 12:06:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-05-25 12:06:28 发布

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with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:

with + n. + -ed/ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. + 介词短语作状语修饰前一个分句的动作类型

词例:Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on

the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. with引导的独立主格作状语就

近修饰sleeping

(A) 正确,两个动词returns和contributes都与主语一致,并列用两个并列的句子清晰的表现了降水回归

自然的两种途径.

(B) 主谓不一致,the remainder应该用单数谓语形式,contribute应该改为contributes; flow本身就是名

词形式,不需要用the flowing来表现名词形式.

flow.

(D) 介词with后面不能跟不定式to do,并且将两个并列成分改变为主从成分,从而改变了原句的意思.

(E) as使用有误,句子本意并不是对两个动作进行比较,而是称述两个事实;主谓不一致:return和

contribute均要改为单数形式.

句子结构: 句子;transpiration…returns…, while the balance contributes to…

补充说明:

实在中碰到with结构要提高警惕,这是一个频率比较高的考点,并且常常有迷惑性.更多的情况下只能从

逻辑意思着手.

47. (27021-!-item-!-188;#058&003068)

1998 saw several new ventures promoting online distance learning both at the college and

graduate level, but also faculty members in large numbers began questioning whether the

computer screen was an adequate replacement for the classroom.

(A) 1998 saw several new ventures promoting online distance learning both at the college and

graduate level, but also faculty members in large numbers began

(B) In 1998 several new ventures were promoting online distance learning for both college-and for

graduate-level courses, but it was also a year for a large number of faculty members who began

courses in 1998, it was also a year when a large number of faculty members had begun

(D) Although 1998 saw several new ventures promoting online distance learning for both college-

and graduate-level courses, it was also a year when a large number of faculty members began

(E) Several new ventures were promoting online distance learning in 1998, at both the college level

as well as the graduate, but it was also a year for faculty members to begin in large numbers

考点:平行对称（Parallelism）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）习惯用语（Idiom）

1) 结构的平行,句子意思的平行

2) 一般来说用复杂的介词短语来做修饰语不如定语从句表达有效.

3) both…and…习惯搭配, both…as well as表达错误

(A) both…and结构不平行,应该改为at both college and graduate level或both at college and at

graduate level; but also连接的前后两个句子从意思上无法平行.

(B) both…and结构不平行,应该改为for both college and graduate-level…或both for college and for

graduate-level…; but分句中,it只能指代1998,因此but分句中的重心是1998这个年份,而but前的分句:

In 1998 several new ventures were…句子重心在ventures,因此从意思上前后分句不平行; 用for + n

结构来修饰year,表达笨拙,不如when从句修饰year清晰.

分;had begun使用过去完成时没有依据.

(D) 正确, 使用两个分句进行对比意思表达清晰;it指代1998,并且两个句子的重心都是1998,两个分句

意思上也平行;both…and…结构平行;when从句修饰year表达清晰.

(E) both…and…固定搭配使用错误;两个分句的重心不一致,导致意思不平行;for结构修饰year不如

when引导的定语从句修饰year表达清晰.

句子结构:Although 1998 saw…, it was also a year when…

48. (27067-!-item-!-188;#058&003096)

Whereas scientists, because of random fluctuations in the weather, cannot determine the transition

from one season to the next by monitoring temperatures on a daily basis, so they cannot determine

the onset of global warming by monitoring average annual temperatures.

(A) Whereas scientists

(B) Just as scientists

(D) Inasmuch as a scientist

(E) In the same way a scientist

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）比较（Comparison）指代一致（Agreement）

1) just as A do, so B do比较结构的习惯搭配,译为:就如同A…B…

2) whereas表示转折关系, just as…so表示类似关系

3) 指代一致

(A) whereas表示转折意思,但从句子意思上看应该使相似关系; whereas… so不符合习惯用法,应该去

掉so

(B) 正确, 符合习惯搭配,逻辑意思合理

(D) 不符合习惯搭配,a scientist和后面的they无法对应

(E) 不符合习惯搭配；a scientist和后面的they无法对应

句子结构: Just as scientist,…, cannot determine…, so they cannot determine…

49. (27113-!-item-!-188;#058&003110)

The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's models would decrease

four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably equipped cars

and trucks this year.

(A) The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's models would

decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably

equipped cars and trucks this year.

(B) The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's cars and trucks

would decrease four-tenths of one percent, or about $72, from that of comparably equipped models

this year.

percent in next year's models' average price, or about $72, below this year's comparably equipped

cars and trucks.

(D) Compared to comparably equipped models this year, the automobile company announced that

the average price of next year's cars and trucks would decrease about $72, less by four-tenths of

one percent.

(E) Contrasted with comparably equipped cars and trucks of this year, the automobile company

announced that the average price of next year's models would decrease about $72, or four-tenths

of one percent.

考点: 比较（Comparison）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1) 比较的双方一定要对等

3) 能用动词形式直接表达的,就不要用there +be +动词的名词形式表达

4) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语

(A) amounting to about $72作为伴随状语修饰前面主句,表现了decrease four-tenths of one percent

的伴随结果,使人觉得平均价格减掉0.4%以后价格变为了$72,而逻辑意思是减掉0.4%相当于72$;比

较双方不对应as compared with前面是average price后面是equipped cars.

(B) 正确, 句子结构合理;使用or about $72修饰0.4%没有歧意;用that代替average price比较双方对应

comparably equipped cars.

(D) the automobile company作为compared to的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑

(E) the automobile company作为contrasted with的逻辑注意,不符合逻辑

句子结构: …company announced that the average price… would decrease…, …, from that of…

50. (27159-!-item-!-188;#058&003134)

Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that

girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.

(A) are those that boys experience

(B) what boys experience

(D) boys' stress patterns do

(E) stress patterns of boys

考点: 比较（Comparison）

1) 比较双方要对应

平行对称（Parallelism）

2) 比较从句中与比较对象重复的名词通常用that或those代替，要注意逻辑意思及单复数形式。

(A) 正确, those指代前面出现的patterns of stress, that从句修饰those表达清晰;补出助动词are使句

子意思表达清晰无歧意; patterns of stress that girl experience和those that boys experience结构对

称.

(B) 比较对象不对应,比较的前者是patterns,后者是what boys experience.

(D) do应该改为are

(E) 意思表达不清patterns of boys表达太模糊.缺乏助动词are意思表达模糊,可以理解为,： …are

more likely to result in depression than result in stress patterns of boys；patterns of stress that girls

experience与stress patterns of boys表达方式上不平行。

句子结构: 句子, but results…indicate that the patterns…are more like… than are those….

补充说明:

对于比较结构中是否有必要补充助动词,应以是否会产生歧意为标准.如果不会产生歧意,则可以不补

出助动词,如果会产生歧意,一定要补出助动词.

51. (27205-!-item-!-188;#058&003142)

Gasoline marketing is undergoing major changes as stations often not only add convenience stores

but also combine with major fast-food chains to build complexes where customers can shop and

eat as well as buy gasoline.

(A) not only add convenience stores but also combine with major fast-food chains to build

(B) not only add convenience stores but also they combine with major fast-food chains to build

build

(D) add not only convenience stores, but also combining with major fast-food chains to build

(E) are not only adding convenience stores, but also in combining with major fast-food chains they

build

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）

1) not only… but also结构要平行

(A) 正确,

(B) they破坏了not only… but also的平行结构,应该去掉

(D) not only… but also结构不平行,应该改为add not only convenience stores but also combination…

或者not only add…but also combine…

(E) not only… but also结构不平行；they build…与前面句子不连贯，句子结构错误。

句子结构:…marketing is undergoing…as stations often not only add…but also combine with…to

build…

52. (27251-!-item-!-188;#058&003145)

In addition to her work on the Miocene hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey contributed to

archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly

documenting East African cave paintings.

(A) Leakey contributed to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid

activity and painstakingly documenting

(B) Leakey contributed to archaeology by her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid

activity and by painstakingly documenting

hominid activity and with her painstaking documentation of

(D) Leakey's contributions to archaeology include her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of

hominid activity and her painstaking documentation of

(E) Leakey's contributions to archaeology include discovering the earliest direct evidence of

hominid activity and painstaking documentation of

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）

1) and, but等连词出现的时候,一定要注意前后平行

(A) and前后不平行,前者是名词discovery,后者是动名词documenting；with用于此处意思不准确。

(B) and前后不平行,名词discovery和动名词documenting不平行

(D) 正确, and前后平行都是名词discovery, documentation

(E) and前后不平行,前者是动名词discovering,后者是名词documentation

句子结构: In addition to… ,Mary Leakey’s contributions… include her discovery of…and her

painstaking documentation of…

53. (27297-!-item-!-188;#058&003151)

Most vaccines are derived from weakened or killed strains of the same virus that they prevent,

unlike the derivation of smallpox vaccine from a different virus altogether.

(A) the derivation of smallpox vaccine from a different virus altogether

(B) smallpox vaccine, which is derived from a different virus altogether

(D) when smallpox vaccine is derived from an altogether different virus

(E) the altogether different virus from which smallpox vaccine is derived

考点:比较（Comparison）

1) like, unlike后面加名词表示比较，比较对象需对等。

(A) 比较双方不对应,vaccines和the derivation不对应

(B) 正确,比较双方对应most vaccines和smallpox vaccine对比.

(D) unlike when用法错误,unlike后面应该加名词表示比较

(E) 比较双方不对应,vaccines和different virus不对应

句子结构:Most vaccines are derived…, unlike smallpox vaccine, which…

54. (27343-!-item-!-188;#058&003156)

Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal usage they are taken in large quantities in order to

treat particular maladies.

(A) Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal usage they are taken

(B) Unlike spices that are used in cooking, in using spices for medicine, they are taken

(D) In cooking, small quantities of spices are used, whereas in medicinal usage spices are taken

(E) In cooking, the usage of spices is in small quantities, whereas in medicinal usage they are taken

考点:比较（Comparison）

1) 标准书面语中,like后只加名词表比较

(A) unlike后面应该接名词

(B) in using短语既可以修饰前一个分句,又可以修饰后一个分句,造成修饰歧意.

(D) 正确, 用whereas表示对比关系前后句子在形式上不需要完全对等, 修饰成分紧靠修饰对象,避免

了修饰歧意

(E) the usage of spices is in small quantities表达笨拙;they指代不清,可能指代quantities或者spices.

句子结构:…, small quantities of…are used, whereas… spices are taken… in order to treat…

补充说明:

为了避免指代不清,修改的方法有三个:

1)重复代词指代的对象

2)用 such + n.或者指示代词 this/these/those + n.代替代词

3)用一个名词概括代词指代的对象

本题的正确选项中就是重复了代词指代的对象,从而避免了指代不清的问题

55. (27389-!-item-!-188;#058&003179)与79题相似注意不同处are

Shipwrecks are more likely to be found undisturbed at great depths than in shallow coastal waters,

which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in

scuba gear, whether they be archaeologist, treasure hunter, or sport diver.

(A) than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes

them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be

(B) than in shallow coastal waters, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and

are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether

turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including

(D) instead of in shallow waters along the coast, which exposes archaeological remains to

turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including an

(E) instead of shallow coastal waters, because it exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and

makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether

考点: 比较（Comparison）逻辑表达（Logical Predication）习惯用语（Idiom）

1) 习惯用语 more…than…

2) 习惯用语 whether A, B, or C

(A) which指代waters导致逻辑意思错误,因为并不是水域把古迹暴露在外,而是古迹暴露在这个水域,

应该用where指代in shallow coastal waters; exposes和makes应该用复数形式which指代的是waters;

whether they be表达复杂,they没有指代对象，they be应该去掉.

(B) 正确, more…than符合习惯用法; where使用恰当; 用whether A, B, or C修饰anyone,修饰得当

体中包含某些项,而这里anyone是个体,不能使用including.若将anyone改为everyone会更好

(D) more…instead of不符合习惯用法;使用which导致逻辑意思错误;including使用不恰当.

(E) more…instead of不符合习惯用法，缺少代词in容易产生歧义;it没有指代

句子结构: Shipwrecks are more likely…than in…, where archaeological remains are exposed to…

and are accessible to…, whethe A, B, or C.

56. (27435-!-item-!-188;#058&003186)

First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the

Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a

brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.

(A) found in the Philippines and that resembles

(B) found in the Philippines and that, resembling

(D) that is found in the Philippines and it resembles

(E) that is found in the Philippines and that, resembling

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）

1) 并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语

(A) animal found in…and that结构不平行

(B) and that没有平行的从句。

(D) and连接的两个并列结构主语相同,后一个主语应该省略,去掉it.

(E) animal that is found…and that, resembling结构不平行，第二个that从句缺少谓语动词。

句子结构: First discovered.. Lina’s sunbird, a …animal found in… and resembling…, has…;句子

补充说明:

正确选项C中两个分词之所以一个用-ed形式,一个用-ing形式是因为found表示了被动态:animal is

found in the Philippines, 而resembling表示的主动语态:such animal resembles a hummingbird.（与

OG10-210题用法相同，可参考OG解释）

注意以下两个句子的区别:

1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary

Hispanic authors.

2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of

contemporary Hispanic authors.

第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而

第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句

子中的it不能省略.

57. (27481-!-item-!-188;#058&003189)

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75

carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional

system of roads.

(A) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were

(B) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,

(D) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each

(E) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms each had been

考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Structure）逻辑表达（Logical Predication）有效用词（Diction）

1) 一个完整的句子之中只能有一个谓语动词，两个谓语动词之间必须有连词进行连接

2) each 型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:

句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed 形式/-ing 形式。

例:Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of

ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square

frame.

(A) 划线的 were 作为谓语和划线部分之前的谓语 were 重复，应该去掉或者用连词 and 连接；

(B) 正确，of up to 600 rooms each 作为插入语修饰 structures，connected 分词跳过插入语修饰前

面最邻近的名词 structures.

将插入语变成句子一部分后，each 同位语修饰的对象也发生改变，变成了修饰最邻近的 rooms 而不

是 structures，rooms 被马路连接不符合题目原意和逻辑表达；each 同位语从句用过去完成时同样没

有必要性.

(D) 按 D 答案给出的句意，with each 和 on a spectacular scale 平行，但 each connected by 改变了

原文的句意，原文没有表达出每一个都被连接的意义

(E) 如果 each 做代词指代主语应该在 each 前面加上连词 and，E 答案中 each 后面是完整句子但没

有连词进行连接；had been 过去完成时没有必要性。

句子结构: The Anasazi settlements…were built on...structures,…,connected by…

58. (27527-!-item-!-188;#058&003203)

Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary

Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record

low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.

(A) Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary

Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record

low against the dollar, which forced

(B) Both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and the

growing fears of a rise in inflation weakened the country's currency, continuing its slide to a record

low against the dollar, which forced

International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a raise in inflation, the country's currency

continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing

(D) The country's currency, weakened both by concern about the government's agreement with the

International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its slide to a

record low against the dollar, forcing

(E) The country's currency, weakened by both concern about the government's agreement with the

International Monetary Fund and growing fears of a raise in inflation, continued its slide to a record

low against the dollar, which forced

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）有效用词（Diction）

1) which不能指代前面整个句子

2) both…and…结构一定要平行

(A) which不能指代句子；both…and 连接对象不平行，weaken by…与by…，应为weakened both by…

and by…

(B) Both concern about the government’s agreement…and the growing结构不平行,应该改为

concern both about the government’s agreement… and the growing; 整个句子缺乏主语; 该句用了

both…and连接的并列名词短语concern与the growing fears作主语，谓语为weakened，分词结构

continuing…修饰对象有歧义；which不能指代整个句子

(D) 正确, both by…and by…结构平行; 使用伴随状语结构forcing the central bank…正确的表现了

continued its slide…这个事件的伴随结果.

(E) which使用错误.

句子结构: …currency, weakened both by concern about…and by growing fears of…, continued…,

forcing…

59. (27573-!-item-!-188;#058&003208)

A new genetically engineered papaya was produced not by seed companies who have been

motivated by profit, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved

for commercial use, but university and United States Department of Agriculture researchers who

allowed growers to use it free of charge.

(A) produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, which was the case with

most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but

(B) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, the case with most genetically modified

crops previously approved for commercial use, but

modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by

(D) not produced by profit-motivated seed companies, which was the case with most genetically

modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but was produced by

(E) not produced by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, the case with most

genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）

1) not…but结构要平行

2) which不能指代前面整个句子

3) as be the case比较结构。

(A) was produced not by… but university结构不平行; which使用错误,不能指代前面整个句子

(B) was produced not by… but university结构不平行; the case with…插入语表达模糊

as was the case表明后者是前面概述的一个情况,意思表达完整.

(D) was not produced by…, but was produced by结构不平行; which使用错误

(E) was not produced by…, but by结构不平行; the case with…插入语表达模糊

句子结构: A.. papaya was produced not by…,as was the case with…, but by…

补充说明:

读题的时候看到前面出现了not by立刻往后扫至到看到but为止,如果not…but结构不平行,则可以直接

跳过该选项,从而节省做题时间.

60. (27763-!-item-!-188;#058&003346)

Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed virtually every other immigrant group in the

increasingly diverse United States economy.

(A) Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed

(B) Mideast immigrants are exhibiting rates of entrepreneurship exceeding

(D) The rates of entrepreneurship in immigrants from the Mideast exceed

(E) The rates of Mideast immigrants' entrepreneurship exceeds those of

考点: 比较（Comparison）主谓一致（Agreement）有效用词（Diction）

1) 比较双方要对等

2) 在GMAT中,双重所有格,即 the rates of immigrants’ 表达错误, 应该改为the rates of immigrant或

者 immigrants’ rates

3) 对比对象中出现的重复名词用that或those代替,that代替前面出现的单数名词,those代替前面出现

的复数名词

(A) immigrants’ rates不能同other immigrant group相比.

(B) rates of entrepreneurship不能同other immigrant group相比

(D) the rates of entrepreneurship不能同other immigrant group相比

(E) 使用双重所有格,错误; 主谓不一致:主语是rates,谓语应该用exceed.

句子结构: Immigrants… exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of…

61. (27809-!-item-!-188;#058&003354)

The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of

Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been

discovered in Madagascar.

(A) The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of

Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been

discovered in Madagascar.

(B) The bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, a distant relative of

Tyrannosaurus rex and with a close resemblance to South American predatory dinosaurs, has

been discovered in Madagascar.

Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembled South American predatory dinosaurs, have been

discovered.

(D) A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex, bearing a close resemblance to South American

predatory dinosaurs is Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur, the bones of which have

been discovered in Madagascar.

(E) A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembling South American predatory

dinosaurs, the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, have been discovered in

Madagascar.

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）主谓一致（Agreement）平行对称（Parallelism）

1) 修饰成分应该尽可能靠近修饰对象

2) 系表结构可以跟动词结构平行,即 It is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely

resembles South American predatory dinosaurs.是符合平行结构的

3) 不能随意改变原句的重心,一般来说选项A的重心跟正确选项的重心一致

(A) 正确, 主谓一致; a meat-eating dinosaur that…作为Majungatholus atopus的同位语,解释说明

Majungatholus atopus; dinosaur that is a distant relative…and closely resembles…结构符合平行要

求

(B) 主谓不一致,主语the bones,谓语应该用have been; and前后不平行,前者是名词,a distant relative

后者是介词短语with a close…

(D) 改变句子重心,原句的重心是bones have been discovered,而该选项的重心是a distant relative is

Majungatholus atopus; bearing a close resemblance to结构表达笨拙,并且原句中该成分同a distant

relative并列,而这里变成分词结构,修饰a distant relative,成为了附属成分

(E) and前后不平行,前者是名词a distant relative,后者是动名词closely resembling; a distant relative

从逻辑意思上不能作为bones的同位语

句子结构: The bones of…,同位语, have been discovered…

62. (27855-!-item-!-188;#058&003426)

Data gathered by weather satellites has been analyzed by scientists, reporting that the Earth's

northern latitudes have become about ten percent greener since 1980, due to more vigorous plant

growth associated with warmer temperatures and higher levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

(A) Data gathered by weather satellites has been analyzed by scientists, reporting that the Earth's

northern latitudes have

(B) Data gathered by weather satellites has been analyzed by scientists, and they report the Earth's

northern latitudes as having

latitudes have

(D) After analysis of data, gathered by weather satellites, scientists report the Earth's northern

latitudes as having

(E) After data gathered by weather satellites was analyzed by scientists, who report that the Earth's

northern latitudes have

考点:逻辑表达（Logical Predication）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）用词倾向性

1) 一般来说在report, predicate, predict, shown等动词后面之跟简单的名词短语, 若其后面跟的是动

名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分词来修饰时,都会造成

句子结构的复杂,笨拙. 经常用that引导宾语从句来对该类句子进行改写

2) 能够使用动词的情况下,尽量不要使用动词的名词形式

3) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语

(A) 逻辑意思错误, reporting that作为伴随状语出现应该跟主句有紧密的逻辑关系,表示主句的伴随原

因,条件等等,但是从逻辑意思上看,reporting that跟主句无紧密逻辑关系,应该是并列关系,因此不能使

用伴随状语；被动语态表达方式不够准确有效。

(B) report the Earth’s northern latitudes as having表达笨拙,且仅仅表达出report了latitude这一个事

物,而没有表达出report的整个内容,应该用report that句式进行改写；they指代对象不清楚。

report的内容

(D) analysis不如动词analyze表达有效,不能够表达出analyze的施动者是谁; report +复杂名词结构表

达笨拙,应该用report + that句式改写.

(E) 句子不完整,整个句子结构为 After data… was analyzed… 缺乏主谓结构

句子结构: After analyzing…, scientists reports that…

63. (27901-!-item-!-188;#058&003440)

Unlike emergency calls that travel through regular telephone lines, where they thus automatically

inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, cellular calls require emergency

operators to determine the location of the caller.

(A) lines, where they thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the

caller, cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller

(B) lines and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller,

cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller

the location of the caller on a cellular phone has to be determined by the operator

(D) lines, and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller,

emergency operators have to determine the location of the cellular phone caller

(E) lines, thus automatically informing the operator of the location and phone number of the caller,

emergency operators receiving a cellular call have to determine the location of the caller

考点: 比较（Comparison）

逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1) thus一般和and连用,来连接表示因果关系的结构

2) 用逗号将句子隔开,使得逗号前后两个句子变成独立的句子,每个句子都要有自己的主谓宾

3) unlike比较结构，要求比较对象对等。

(A) 关系代词where修饰lines,逻辑错误.

(B) 正确, and前后平行,travel… and thus automatically inform共同修饰calls

informing表达错误,这里不应该用伴随结构,而应该用and thus来连接两个存在因果关系的句子

(D) and前面有逗号,说明and后面应该是一个完整的句子,应该补出主语they,但这样会使得句子变得复

杂,直接去掉逗号构成动词的并列更好;比较双方不对等,emergency calls和emergency operators没有

可比性

(E) 比较双方不对等;句子不完整,整个句子的结构为:Unlike emergency calls…, emergency

operators receiving…整个句子没有谓语动词; thus automatically informing表达错误,这里不应该用伴

随结构,而应该用and thus来连接两个存在因果关系的句子

句子结构 : Unlike emergency calls that travel…and thus automatically inform…, cellular calls

require…to determine…

补充说明:

当句子中出现 like, unlike 等比较结构的时候,读选项时首先读 like, unlike 比较双方,中间的修饰等干扰

成分可以直接跳过,发现 like, unlike 比较双方不对应,直接排除该选项. 在出现 like, unlike 等比较结构

的题目中,比较双方的对应可以说是一定会出现的考点,因此可以先应用这一点,直接排除 2-3 个选项,

从而节省时间.

64. (27947-!-item-!-188;#058&003452)

Recently documented examples of neurogenesis, the production of new brain cells, include the

brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries

that learn new songs.

(A) the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in

canaries that

(B) mice whose brains grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries whose

neurons increase when they

that increase when they

(D) the brain growth in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or the increase in canaries'

neurons when they

(E) brain growth in mice that are placed in a stimulating environment or an increase in neurons in

canaries that

woodliwei

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