leecode

leecode21，合并有序链表，迭代法+递归法(注意递归法的思考)

## 递归法
class Solution:
    def mergeTwoLists(self, l1: ListNode, l2: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        if l1 is None:
            return l2
        elif l2 is None:
            return l1
        elif l1.val<=l2.val:
            l1.next = self.mergeTwoLists(l1.next,l2)
            return l1
        else:
            l2.next = self.mergeTwoLists(l1,l2.next)
            return l2
## 迭代法
class Solution:
    def mergeTwoLists(self, l1: ListNode, l2: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        prehead = ListNode(-1)

        prev = prehead
        while l1 and l2:
            if l1.val <= l2.val:
                prev.next = l1
                l1 = l1.next
            else:
                prev.next = l2
                l2 = l2.next            
            prev = prev.next

        # 合并后 l1 和 l2 最多只有一个还未被合并完，我们直接将链表末尾指向未合并完的链表即可
        prev.next = l1 if l1 is not None else l2

        return prehead.next

leecode88，合并两个有序数组，要求空间复杂度为O(1)，逆向双指针

class Solution:
    def merge(self, nums1: List[int], m: int, nums2: List[int], n: int) -> None:
        """
        Do not return anything, modify nums1 in-place instead.
        """
        p1 = m-1
        p2 = n-1
        tail = m+n-1
        while p1>=0 or p2>=0:
            if p1 == -1:
                nums1[tail] = nums2[p2]
                p2 -= 1
            elif p2 == -1:
                nums1[tail] = nums1[p1]
                p1 -= 1
            elif nums1[p1]>nums2[p2]:
                nums1[tail] = nums1[p1]
                p1 -= 1
            else:
                nums1[tail] = nums2[p2]
                p2 -= 1
            tail -= 1

leecode148 排序链表，归并排序，自底向上的空间复杂度为O(1)，注意每次归并时提取两个链表的头部，保存上一次合并的尾部和下一次合并的头部，以及将对应链表之间解开，自底向上为什么时O(1)，再看自顶向下

class Solution:
    def sortList(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        def merge(head1: ListNode, head2: ListNode) -> ListNode:
            dummyHead = ListNode(0)
            temp, temp1, temp2 = dummyHead, head1, head2
            while temp1 and temp2:
                if temp1.val <= temp2.val:
                    temp.next = temp1
                    temp1 = temp1.next
                else:
                    temp.next = temp2
                    temp2 = temp2.next
                temp = temp.next
            if temp1:
                temp.next = temp1
            elif temp2:
                temp.next = temp2
            return dummyHead.next
        




        
        if not head:
            return head
        
        length = 0
        node = head
        while node:
            length += 1
            node = node.next
        
        dummyHead = ListNode(0, head)
        subLength = 1
        while subLength < length:
            prev, curr = dummyHead, dummyHead.next
            while curr:
                # 本次要合并的两个头部
                head1 = curr
                for i in range(1, subLength):
                    if curr.next:
                        curr = curr.next
                    else:
                        break
                head2 = curr.next
                # 将两个链表解开
                curr.next = None
                curr = head2
                for i in range(1, subLength):
                    if curr and curr.next:
                        curr = curr.next
                    else:
                        break
                # 下一对合并的头部
                succ = None
                # 将第二个链表和后面解开
                if curr:
                    succ = curr.next
                    curr.next = None
                merged = merge(head1, head2)
                # 上一对合并的尾部
                prev.next = merged
                while prev.next:
                    prev = prev.next
                curr = succ
            subLength <<= 1
        
        return dummyHead.next

leecode23,合并k个升序链表