MIME介绍

MIME的介绍
转载于： http://lidgenacad.spaces.live.com/

多媒体文件格式MIME

     最早的HTTP协议中，并没有附加的数据类型信息，所有传送的数据都被客户程序解释为超文本标记语言HTML 文档，而为了支持多媒体数据类型，HTTP协议中就使用了附加在文档之前的MIME数据类型信息来标识数据类型。

      MIME意为多目Internet邮件扩展，它设计的最初目的是为了在发送电子邮件时附加多媒体数据，让邮件客户程序能根据其类型进行处理。然而当它被HTTP协议支持之后，它的意义就更为显著了。它使得HTTP传输的不仅是普通的文本，而变得丰富多彩。
       HTTP中传送MIME头，这时MIME头要简单一些。下例是一个邮件的标准MIME头： Mime-Version: 1.0 //版本号：1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="IMA.Boundary.750407228" //内容类型是多种的 --IMA.Boundary.750407228 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII //内容类型：文本，字符是ASCII的 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit //编码方式：7位 Content-Description: cc:Mail note part 在用于浏览器时，用户不需要知道那么多的信息，所以MIME头就比较简单了。在访问一个网页时，浏览器和服务器之间产生一个会话，作为请求内容的一部分， 浏览器发送它能够理解的MIME类型的描述，这就告诉服务器，浏览器除了网页外还可以支持什么，服务器对这个信息一般不作为什么修改。服务器通过发向客户 机的MIME头通知客户浏览器内容是什么，我们看看下面这个头： Content-type: text/html 在实现的时候，一定要注意MIME头后要跟一个空行，不然这个头会被浏览器忽略，这个头会被当作文本显示出来。当服务器传送GIF图象时，头会如下：　 Content-type: image/gif Content-transfer-encoding: BINARY 　通常的MIME内容类型并不起什么作用，浏览器可以自己识别内容的类型，但是如果您使用一些另外的类型，这个问题可就大了，如果你使用了 text/postscript，那浏览器会显示下载窗口，或就把这个东西显示出来，那可就不好办了。下面我们介绍一下标准MIME类型。 Text. 文本，它用于描述不同类型的文本，包括通常的文本，PostScript和HTML，虽然HTML不是一个可能的子类型。 Multipart. 多类型，指出此信息包括多种信息，不止一种类型。 Message. 用于标记不同类型的消息。 Application. 应用类型。 Image. 图象，用于标明图形文件。 Audio. 声音，用于标明声音文件。 Video. 影象，用于标明动画文件。每个MIME类型有不同的子类型，实际上，您不可能单独使用类型而不使用子类型，只有一个例外，这就是"telnet"类型。 IANA提供45种类型/子类型对支持。当然，标准是开放的，允许用户自定义自己的类型，用户自定义类型要以“X-”开始以示区别。在添加新的类型时，一 定要注意，尽量使用已有的类型达到自己的目的。如果非要添加新的类型，一定要保证服务器一方支持这种类型，也要保证客户端也能够通过一些应用程序（如插 件）来识别新类型。如果您的网站的访问者很广，不要轻易使用新类型，要么使用已有的类型，或者向IANA提出注册请求。
      MIME大全 application/astound asd,asn application/bld bld application/bld2 bld2 application/cprplayer pqi application/e-score sdf application/fastman lcc application/font-tdpfr pfr application/futuresplash spl application/java-archive jar application/jwc jwc application/lgh lgh application/listenup ptlk application/mac-binhex40 hqx application/mbedlet mbd application/metastream mts,mtx,mtz,mzv,rtg, application/msword doc application/octet-stream avb, AVB, bin, bpk, class, dmg,exe, tad, TAD, ttf,dll application/oda oda application/pdf pdf application/postscript ai,eps,ps application/presentations shw application/rdf+xml rdf application/rtf rtf application/smil smi application/studiom smp application/timbuktu tbt application/toc toc application/t-time ttz application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks xdw application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3 123 application/vnd.ms-excel xls,xlw,xla,xlc,xlm,xlt application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt,pps,pot application/vnd.ms-project mpp application/vnd.rn-realplayer rnx application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc application/winhlp hlp application/x-asap asp application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin oom application/x-authoware-bin aab application/x-authoware-map aam application/x-authoware-seg aas application/x-bzip2 bz2 application/x-cmx cmx application/x-cnc ccn application/x-cocoa cco application/x-cprplayer pqf application/x-csh csh application/x-cult3d-object co 丂丂丂 application/x-digitalloca lcr,lcl application/x-director dcr,dir,dxr application/x-dot dot application/x-dreamcast-vms vms application/x-dreamcast-vms-info vmi application/x-dvi dvi application/x-earthtime etc application/x-envoy evy application/x-excel xls,xlc,xll,xlm,xlw application/x-expandedbook ebk application/x-gca-compressed gca application/x-gtar gtar application/x-gps gps application/x-gzip gz,x-gzip application/x-hdf hdf application/xhtml+xml xhtml,xhtm,xht application/x-ipix ipx application/x-jam jam application/x-_javascript js application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp application/x-kjx kjx application/x-Koan skp,skd,skt,skm application/x-latex latex application/x-lzh lzh, LZH application/x-maker fm application/x-mapserver mps application/x-mascot mct application/x-mif mif,mi application/x-_mocha _mocha,moc application/x-mpeg amc application/x-mrm mrm application/x-mscardfile crd application/x-msaccess mdb application/x-msclip clp application/x-msmediaview m13,m14 application/x-msmetafile wmf application/x-msmoney mny application/x-mspublisher pub application/x-msschedule scd application/x-msterminal trm application/x-mswrite wri application/x-NET-Install ins application/x-netcdf nc,cdf application/x-netfpx npx application/x-neva1 nva application/x-nif nif application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig proxy application/x-pan pan application/x-perl pm application/x-pmd pmd application/x-prc prc application/x-richlink rlf application/x-rogerwilco rwc application/x-salsa slc application/x-scream nmz application/x-sh sh application/x-shar shar application/x-shockwave-flash swf,swfl application/x-smaf mmf application/x-sprite spr,sprite application/x-spt spt application/x-supercard sca application/x-stuffit sit,sea application/x-tar tar,tgz,taz application/x-tcl tcl application/x-tex tex application/x-texinfo texinfo,texi application/x-timbuktu tbp application/x-tkined tki,tkined application/x-troff t,tr,roff application/x-troff-man man application/x-troff-me me application/x-troff-ms ms application/x-wais-source src application/x-wxl wxl application/x-xdma xdm,xdma application/x-xpinstall xpi application/x-yumekara mof application/x-yz1 yz1 application/x-zaurus-zac zac application/zip zip,nar audio/basic au,snd audio/echospeech es,esl audio/midi mid,midi audio/tsplayer tsi audio/vnd.qcelp qcp audio/voxware vox audio/x-aiff aif,aiff,aifc audio/X-Alpha5 als audio/x-epac pae audio/x-imy imy audio/x-mio mio audio/x-mod mod, s3z, xm, it, s3m, xmz, itz, mdz audio/x-mpeg mp2, mp3 audio/x-mpegurl m3u audio/x-ms-wax wax audio/x-ms-wma wma audio/x-pn-realaudio ra, ram, rm audio/x-pac pac audio/x-pn-RealAudio-plugin rpm audio/x-smd smd,smz audio/x-twinvq vqf, vql audio/x-twinvq-plugin vqe audio/x-wav wav chemical/x-pdb pdb chemical/x-csml csm,csml chemical/x-gaussian-input gau chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide emb,embl chemical/x-mdl-molfile mol chemical/x-xyz xyz chemical/x-mopac-input mop drawing/x-dwf dwf image/bmp bmp image/cis-cod cod image/fif fif image/gif gif,ifm image/ief ief image/ifs ifs image/jpeg jpeg,jpg,jpe,jpz image/j2k j2k image/png png,pnz image/svg-xml svg image/svh svh image/tiff tiff,tif image/vnd dwg,svf image/vnd.rn-realflash rf image/vnd.rn-realpix rp image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp image/wavelet wi image/x-cals mil,cal image/x-cmu-raster ras image/x-dcx dcx image/x-dxf dxf image/x-eri eri image/x-freehand fh4,fh5,fhc image/x-fpx fpx,FPX image/x-icon ico image/x-pcx pcx image/x-pda pda image/x-pict pict image/x-portable-anymap pnm image/x-portable-bitmap pbm image/x-portable-graymap pgm image/x-portable-pixmap ppm image/x-quicktime qtif, qti丂丂丂 image/x-rgb rgb image/x-up-wpng wpng image/x-xbitmap xbm image/x-xpixmap xpm image/x-xwindowdump xwd i-world/i-vrml ivr magnus-internal/imagemap map magnus-internal/parsed-html shtml magnus-internal/cgi cgi text/css css text/html htm,html text/plain txt,asc text/richtext rtx text/tab-separated-values tsv text/vnd.rn-realtext rt text/vnd.rn-realtext3d r3t text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad text/vnd.wap.wml wml text/vnd.wap.wmlscript wmls text/xml xml,xsl text/xul xul text/x-hdml hdml,hdm text/x-mrml mrl text/x-setext etx text/x-speech talk,spc text/x-vcard vcf video/3gpp 3gp video/isivideo fvi video/mpeg mpeg,mpg,mpe video/msvideo avi video/quicktime qt,mov video/vdo vdo video/vivo viv,vivo video/vnd.rn-realvideo rv video/wavelet wv video/x-mng mng video/x-ms-asf asf,asx,lsf,lsx,wm video/x-ms-wmv wmv video/x-ms-wmx wmx video/x-ms-wvx wvx video/mp4 mp4,mpg4 video/x-pv-pvx pvx video/x-sgi-movie movie workbook/formulaone vts x-conference/x-cooltalk ice x-gzip gz x-compress z x-lml/x-lml lml x-lml/x-lmlpack lmlpack x-lml/x-evm evm, dcm x-lml/x-ndb ndb x-lml/x-lak lak x-lml/x-gdb gdb x-lml/x-gps trk, wpt, rte x-rar-compressed rar x-uuencode uu, uue x-world/x-svr svr x-world/x-vrml wrl, wrz, WRL, WRZ x-world/x-vrt vrt x-world/x-vream vrw,vre