c++ atomic mutex 临界区 的性能比较

机器性能和环境

win7 sp1
i5-3470
8GB
vs2017

atomic

atomic（原子操作）是c++11的一个新特性，允许无锁并发编程。

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <vector>
#include <chrono>

using namespace std;
atomic_ullong g_Count(0);

void func();

int main()
{
	vector<thread> vt;
	auto start = chrono::system_clock::now();
	for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		vt.push_back(thread(func));
	}
	for (auto& iter : vt)
	{
		iter.join();
	}
	auto end = chrono::system_clock::now();

	cout << "cost " << chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << "ms" << endl;
	cout << "g_Count " << g_Count << endl;
	return 0;
}

void func()
{
	for (unsigned long long i = 1; i <= 1000000ull; i++)
	{
		g_Count.fetch_add(i);
	}
}

Release 编译 统计5次





平均528.6ms

mutex

mutex互斥量用于保护共享数据免受从多个线程同时访问的同步原语

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

mutex mu;
unsigned long long g_Count = 0;
void func();

int main()
{
	vector<thread> vt;
	auto start = chrono::system_clock::now();
	for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		vt.push_back(thread(func));
	}
	for (auto& iter : vt)
	{
		iter.join();
	}
	auto end = chrono::system_clock::now();

	cout << "cost " << chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << "ms" << endl;
	cout << "g_Count " << g_Count << endl;
	return 0;
}

void func()
{
	for (unsigned long long i = 1; i <= 1000000ull; i++)
	{
		unique_lock<mutex> lk(mu);
		g_Count += i;
	}
}

Release 编译 统计5次





平均377.6ms

CriticalSection

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;

unsigned long long g_Count = 0;
CRITICAL_SECTION cs;
void func();

int main()
{
	vector<thread> vt;
	InitializeCriticalSection(&cs);
	auto start = chrono::system_clock::now();
	for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		vt.push_back(thread(func));
	}
	for (auto& iter : vt)
	{
		iter.join();
	}
	auto end = chrono::system_clock::now();

	cout << "cost " << chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count() << "ms" << endl;
	cout << "g_Count " << g_Count << endl;
	DeleteCriticalSection(&cs);
	return 0;
}

void func()
{
	for (unsigned long long i = 1; i <= 1000000ull; i++)
	{
		EnterCriticalSection(&cs);
		g_Count += i;
		LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
	}
}

Release 编译 统计5次





平均323.4ms

总结

在win7平台 vs2017 下，临界区优于mutex，mutex优于atomic。