python 序列-列表

分片

>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[3:6]#开始包含结尾不包含（[)）
[4, 5, 6]
>>> numbers[0:1]
[1]

>>> numbers[7:10]
[8, 9, 10]
>>> numbers[-3:-1]
[8, 9]
>>> numbers[-3:]#结束索引默认为结尾
[8, 9, 10]
>>> numbers[:3]#开始索引默认为0
[1, 2, 3]
>>> numbers[:]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

>>> numbers[0:10:1]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> numbers[0:10:2]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> numbers[3:6:3]
[4]
>>> numbers[::4]
[1, 5, 9]
>>> numbers[8:3:-1]
[9, 8, 7, 6, 5]
>>> numbers[10:0:-2]
[10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
>>> numbers[-1:0:-2]
[10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
>>> numbers[0:10:-2]
[]
>>> numbers[::-2]
[10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
>>> numbers[5::-2]
[6, 4, 2]
>>> numbers[:5:-2]
[10, 8]

>>> xx = "rw"
>>> 'w' in xx
True
>>> ’x‘ in xx

False

>>> numbers = [100,34,678]
>>> len(numbers)
3

>>> min(numbers)
34
>>> max(numbers)
678
>>> max(2,3,4)
4
>>> min(2,3,4)
2

列表的修改

>>> x = [1]*3
>>> x
[1, 1, 1]
>>> x[1] =2#修改
>>> x
[1, 2, 1]
>>> del x[2]#删除
>>> x

[1, 2]

分片赋值

>>> x= [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> x[2:4] =[12,23]
>>> x
[1, 2, 12, 23, 5]

>>> numbers =[1,5]
>>> numbers[1:1]=[2,3,4]#分片赋值可以不替换任何值插入新的元素
>>> numbers
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

>>> numbers[1:4]=[]#分片同样可以删除元素
>>> numbers
[1, 5]

追加元素方法append

>>> lst = [1,2,3]
>>> lst.append(4)
>>> lst

[1, 2, 3, 4]

count方法统计元素出现的次数

>>> ['to','be','or','not','to','be'].count('to')
2
>>> x=[[1,2],1,1,[2,1,[1,2]]]
>>> x.count(1)
2
>>> x.count([1,2])
1

extend方法追加序列

>>> a =[1,2,3]
>>> b=[4,5,6]
>>> a.extend(b)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

#使用分片替换上边的方法单可读性差

>>> a[len(a):] = b
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

index方法查找哦元素的索引

>>> a.index(5)
4
>>> a.index(7)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: 7 is not in list

insert方法用于将对象出入列表

>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> a.insert(3,"four")
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 'four', 4, 5, 6]

使用分片可以

>>> a[3:3]=['four']

pop方法移除一个元素

>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 'four', 4, 5, 6]
>>> a.pop()#默认是最后一个
6
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 'four', 4, 5]
>>> a.pop(1)
2
>>> a
[1, 3, 'four', 4, 5]

remove方法移除列表中第一个匹配的元素

>>> x = ['to','be','or', 'not', 'to','be']
>>> x.remove('be')
>>> x
['to', 'or', 'not', 'to', 'be']
>>> x.remove('bee')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
    x.remove('bee')
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list

reserver方法，倒序存储list

>>> x.reverse()
>>> x
['be', 'to', 'not', 'or', 'to']

反向存储序列可以是函数reversed函数

x = [ 1,2,3]
>>> list(reversed(x))

[3,2,1]

sort方法原位排序（需改原来的列表）

>>> x = [4,6,2,1,7,9 ]
>>> x.sort()
>>> x
[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]

返回排好序副本
>>> x = [4,6,2,1,7,9 ]
>>> y = sorted(x)
>>> y
[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]

>> z = x #z和z指向同一列表

>> z = [:]#获取x的副本z

高级排序

sort中使用key和reverse

>>> x=['a','bb','ccc','bbc']
>>> x.sort(key = len)
>>> x
['a', 'bb', 'ccc', 'bbc']
>>> x = [4,6,2,1,7,9 ]
>>> x.sort(reverse=True)
>>> x
[9, 7, 6, 4, 2, 1]
>>> x = [4,6,2,1,7,9 ]
>>> x.sort(reverse = False)
>>> x
[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]