TCHAR可以根据定义编译变量不同解释为char, wchar_t。用时需要加入对头文件
tchar.h
的文件
LPXXX其实是指向相应类型的字符串的指针(LP -- long pointer)
详细情况见下文:
In general, a character can be 1 byte or 2 bytes. Lets say 1-byte character is ANSI, using which English characters are represented. And lets say 2-byte character is Unicode, which can represent ALL languages in the world.
VC++ support
What if you want your C/C++ program to be Character-mode independent?
That means, instead of replacing:
You can simply code it:
When you need to express hard-coded string, you can use:
The non-prefixed string is ANSI string, the L prefixed string is Unicode, and string specified in
String classes, like MFC/ATL's
Okay. The
What if you want to express a character-pointer , or a const-character-pointer - Which one of the following?
NOTE: If your project implicitly or explicitly includes
Continuing. You must have seen some functions/methods asking you to pass number of characters , or returning the number of characters. Well, like
LPXXX其实是指向相应类型的字符串的指针(LP -- long pointer)
详细情况见下文:
In general, a character can be 1 byte or 2 bytes. Lets say 1-byte character is ANSI, using which English characters are represented. And lets say 2-byte character is Unicode, which can represent ALL languages in the world.
VC++ support
char
and
wchar_t
as native datatypes for ANSI and Unicode characters respectively.
What if you want your C/C++ program to be Character-mode independent?
That means, instead of replacing:
char cResponse; // 'Y' or 'N' char sUsername[64]; // str* functionswith
wchar_t cResponse; // 'Y' or 'N' wchar_t sUsername[64]; // wcs* functions
You can simply code it:
#include<TCHAR.H> // Implicit or explicit include TCHAR cResponse; // 'Y' or 'N' TCHAR sUsername[64]; // _tcs* functionsThus, when your project is being compiled as Unicode, the
TCHAR
would translate to
wchar_t
. If it is being compiled as ANSI/MBCS, it would translated to
char
. Likewise, instead of using
strcpy
,
strlen
,
strcat
(including the secure versions suffixed with
_s
); or
wcscpy
,
wcslen
,
wcscat
(including secure), you can simply use
_tcscpy
,
_tcslen
,
_tcscat
functions.
When you need to express hard-coded string, you can use:
"ANSI String"; // ANSI L"Unicode String"; // Unicode _T("Either string, depending on compilation"); // ANSI or Unicode // or use TEXT macro, if you need more readability.
The non-prefixed string is ANSI string, the L prefixed string is Unicode, and string specified in
_T
or
TEXT
would be either, depending on compilation.
String classes, like MFC/ATL's
CString
implement two version using macro. There are two classes named
CStringA
for ANSI,
CStringW
for Unicode. When you use
CString
(which is a
macro/typedef
), it translates to either of two classes.
Okay. The
TCHAR
type-definition was for a single character. You can definitely declare an array of TCHAR.
What if you want to express a character-pointer , or a const-character-pointer - Which one of the following?
// ANSI characters foo_ansi(char*); foo_ansi(const char*); /*const*/ char* pString; // Unicode/wide-string foo_uni(WCHAR*); // or wchar_t* foo_uni(const WCHAR*); /*const*/ WCHAR* pString; // Independent foo_char(TCHAR*); foo_char(const TCHAR*); /*const*/ TCHAR* pString;After reading about
TCHAR
stuff, you'd definitely select the last one as your choice. But here is better alternative. Before that, note that
TCHAR.H
header file declares
only
TCHAR
datatype and for the following stuff, you need to include
Windows.h
(defined in
WinNT.h
).
NOTE: If your project implicitly or explicitly includes
Windows.h
, you need not to include
TCHAR.H
- char* replacement:
LPSTR
- const char* replacement:
LPCSTR
- WCHAR* replacement:
LPWSTR
- const WCHAR* replacement:
LPCWSTR
(C before W, sinceconst
is beforeWCHAR
) - TCHAR* replacement:
LPTSTR
- const TCHAR* replacement:
LPCTSTR
BOOL SetCurrentDirectory( LPCTSTR lpPathName ); DWORD GetCurrentDirectory(DWORD nBufferLength,LPTSTR lpBuffer);
Continuing. You must have seen some functions/methods asking you to pass number of characters , or returning the number of characters. Well, like
GetCurrentDirectory
, you need to pass number of characters, and
not
number of bytes. For example::
TCHAR sCurrentDir[255]; // Pass 255 and not 255*2 GetCurrentDirectory(sCurrentDir, 255);On the other side, if you need to allocate number or characters, you must allocate proper number of bytes. In C++, you can simply use
new
:
LPTSTR pBuffer; // TCHAR* pBuffer = new TCHAR[128]; // Allocates 128 or 256 BYTES, depending on compilation.But if you use memory allocation functions like
malloc
,
LocalAlloc
,
GlobalAlloc
etc; you must specify the number of bytes!
pBuffer = (TCHAR*) malloc (128 * sizeof(TCHAR) );Typecasting the return value is required, as you know. The expression in malloc's argument ensures that it allocates desired number of bytes - and makes up room for desired number of characters.