Spring Boot EnableAutoConfiguration注解的工作原理

Spring Boot EnableAutoConfiguration注解的工作原理

SpringBoot一个最核心思想是，约定大于配置,这种虽然降低了配置的灵活性但是却简化了应用的搭建与开发,因为这种约定在实现角度看就是SpringBoot提供了大量的默认配置参数
@EnableAutoConfiguration的作用是启用Spring的自动加载配置

@EnableAutoConfiguration 注解实现原理

通过源码会发现该注解会@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)，AutoConfigurationImportSelector这个类是实现自动装配的关键

根据@Import装配类的特性，并且 AutoConfigurationImportSelector 实现自 ImportSelector 类，所以知道它可以根据 AutoConfigurationImportSelector 的实现在 selectImports 方法返回的数组(类的全类名)去自动装配bean到Spring IOC容器中。
此注解相当于xml配置中 import 标签

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
	 * applied.
	 * @return the class names to exclude
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	String[] excludeName() default {};

}

AutoConfigurationImportSelector 分析

进入AutoConfigurationImportSelector类通过读取META-INF/spring.factories文件中key为EnableAutoConfiguration完成目标类加载，以mybatis为例应该为

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=org.mybatis.spring.boot.autoconfigure.MybatisAutoConfiguration

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
	List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),getBeanClassLoader());
	Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
				+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
	return configurations;
}
protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
	return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
}

至此默认配置已经加载到spring中，而用户只需要根据实际情况修改对应的组件的配置参数，以mybatis为例其参数均有@EnableConfigurationProperties({MybatisProperties.class}) 提供

总结

通过该方式只需要在pom中引入所需starter然后在application.yml或application.properties文件中设置指定的参数即可实现自动装配，大大提升了搭建与开发的效率