String 类的实现

//String 类的实现
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstring>


using namespace std;

class String
{
public:
    String(const char *str = NULL); //通用构造函数
    String(const String &str); //拷贝构造函数
    ~String(); //析构函数

    String operator+(const String &str) const;
    String& operator=(const String &str) ;
    String& operator+=(const String &str);
    bool operator==(const String &str) const;
    char& operator[](int n) const;

    size_t size() const; //获取长度
    const char* c_str() const; //获取C字符串

    friend istream& operator >> (istream &is, String &str); //输入

    friend ostream& operator << (ostream &os, String &str); //输出

private:
    char *data;
    size_t  length;

};


//默认构造函数
String::String(const char *str)
{

    if (!str)
    {
        length = 0;
        data = new  char[1];
        *data = '\0';
    }
    else
    {
        length = strlen(str);
        data = new char(length + 1);
        strcpy(data, str);
    }
}


//拷贝构造函数
String::String(const String& str)
{
    length = str.size();
    data = new char(length + 1);
    strcpy(data, str.c_str());
}

//析构函数
String::~String()
{
    delete[]data;
    length = 0;
}

//重载字符串
String String::operator+(const String &str) const
{
    String newString;
    newString.length = length + str.size();
    newString.data = new char[newString.length + 1];
    strcpy(newString.data, data);
    strcat(newString.data, str.data);
    return newString;
}

//赋值运算符
String& String::operator=(const String &str)
{
    if (this == &str)
    {
        return *this;
    }
    delete[] data; //为了避免内存泄漏
    length = str.length;
    data = new  char[length + 1];
    strcpy(data, str.c_str());
    return *this;
}

String& String::operator +=(const String &str)
{
    length += str.length;
    char *newData = new char[length + 1];
    strcpy(newData, data);
    strcat(newData, str.data);
    delete[]data;
    data = newData;
    return *this;
}

inline bool String::operator==(const String &str) const
{
    if (length != str.length);
    return strcmp(data, str.data);
}

inline char& String::operator[](int n) const
{
    if (n >= length)
    {
        return data[length - 1]; //错误处理
    }
    else {
        return data[n];
    }

}

inline size_t String::size() const
{
    return length;
}

istream& operator >> (istream &is, String &str)
{
    char tem[1000]; //简单的申请一块内存
    is >> tem;
    str.length = strlen(tem);
    str.data = new char[str.length + 1];
    strcpy(str.data, tem);
    return is;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, String &str)
{
    os << str.data;
    return os;
}

inline const char* String::c_str() const {
    return data;
}

int main()
{

    String s;
    cin >> s;
    cout << s;

    return 0;
}