系列文章目录
文章目录
前言
记录不同行为的拷贝与构造情况。
一、MyString类
string
简单的string类实现
- 不支持模板定制,仅支持char字符串类型,不支持自定义分配器等,没有basic_string模板类
class string
{
private:
unsigned len;
char* pbuf;
public:
string();
explicit string(const char* str);
string(const string&);
~string();
string& operator=(const string&);
string& operator=(const char* s);
const char& operator[](unsigned idx) const;
char& operator[](unsigned idx);
const char* c_str() const;
unsigned length() const;
unsigned size() const;
};
string::string(): len(0), pbuf(nullptr) {}
string::string(const char* str)
{
len = strlen(str);
pbuf = strcpy(new char[len+1], str);
}
string::string(const string& s): len(0), pbuf(nullptr)
{
*this = s;
}
string::~string()
{
if (pbuf != nullptr) {
delete[] pbuf;
pbuf = nullptr;
len = 0;
}
}
string& string::operator=(const string& s)
{
if (&s == this) return *this;
this->~string();
len = s.len;
pbuf = strcpy(new char[len+1], s.pbuf);
return *this;
}
string& string::operator=(const char* s)
{
this->~string();
len = strlen(s);
pbuf = strcpy(new char[len+1], s);
return *this;
}
const char& string::operator[](unsigned idx) const
{
return pbuf[idx];
}
char& string::operator[](unsigned idx)
{
return pbuf[idx];
}
const char* string::c_str() const
{
return pbuf;
}
unsigned string::length() const
{
return len;
}
unsigned string::size() const
{
return len;
}
二、构造函数的各种重载形式
编译器根据实例化对象时传入的参数类型选择对应形式的构造函数
MyString();
MyString(const char*);
MyString(const MyString&);
根据一个已存在的对象初始化新对象时调用拷贝构造
如函数,MyString fun(MyString str); 在传递参数和函数返回时调用拷贝构造
MyString s1; // 默认构造
MyString s2 = s1; // 拷贝构造
operator=的安全定义参见:https://blog.csdn.net/surfaceyan/article/details/125586372
三、多线程下的对象行为
非静态成员函数
MyString s1;
// MyString s2 = s1;
std::thread thd(&MyString::memberfn, &s1); // non-static 成员函数必须带&, 非静态成员函数的第一个参数为 decltype(this)
thd.join();
默认构造 MyString() | this = 0x7fffb8746b68 | thread_id: 140645677708224
成员函数 memberfn | this = 0x7fffb8746b68 | thread_id: 140645670843968
析构 ~MyString() | this = 0x7fffb8746b68 | thread_id: 140645677708224
单例模式
1. 懒汉式
// 1)静态指针+用到时初始化 2)局部静态变量
/// @brief 延时加载,如配置文件,当用到时才实例化对象
// 在单线程中,这样的写法是可以正确使用的,但是在多线程中就不行了,该方法是线程不安全的。
class SingleTon
{
private:
SingleTon(/* args */) = default;
~SingleTon() = default;
public:
SingleTon(const SingleTon&) = delete;
SingleTon& operator=(const SingleTon&) = delete;
static SingleTon& GetInstance()
{
if (!value_) {
value_ = new SingleTon();
}
return *value_;
}
private:
static SingleTon* value_;
public:
int a = 0;
};
SingleTon* SingleTon::value_ = nullptr;
/// @brief 线程不安全
class SingleTon2
{
public:
SingleTon2(const SingleTon2&) = delete;
SingleTon2& operator=(const SingleTon2&) = delete;
static SingleTon2& GetInstance()
{
static SingleTon2 value;
return value;
}
private:
SingleTon2(/* args */) = default;
~SingleTon2() = default;
};
2. 饿汉式
// 1)直接定义静态对象
// 线程安全
class SingleTon3
{
public:
SingleTon3(const SingleTon3&) = delete;
SingleTon3& operator=(const SingleTon3&) = delete;
static SingleTon3& GetInstance()
{
return instance;
}
private:
static SingleTon3 instance;
SingleTon3(/* args */) = default;
~SingleTon3() = default;
};
SingleTon3 SingleTon3::instance; // instance = SingleTon3()
// 2)静态指针+类外初始化时new空间实现
class SingleTon4
{
public:
SingleTon4(const SingleTon4&) = delete;
SingleTon4& operator=(const SingleTon4&) = delete;
static SingleTon4& GetInstance()
{
return *instance_ptr;
}
private:
static SingleTon4* instance_ptr;
SingleTon4() = default;
~SingleTon4() = default;
};
SingleTon4* SingleTon4::instance_ptr = new SingleTon4();
总结
静态的对象或者静态的指针,类内创建或类外创建
总结
略