python 画图-前面是iris降维，后面是网上找的一些3D图

iris数据画图

from sklearn import svm
from sklearn.externals import joblib
import numpy as np
from dsp_sdk import *

# 生成数据文件
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
iris = load_iris()
import pandas as pd

# rename columns
iris.feature_names = ['sepallength', 'sepalwidth', 'petallength', 'petalwidth']

data = pd.DataFrame(iris['data'], columns = iris.feature_names)
data['label']=iris.target
data.head()

输出

降维处理

import numpy as np
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
pca = PCA(n_components=2)
pca.fit(data)
print("explained_variance_ratio_", pca.explained_variance_ratio_)
print("singular_values_", pca.singular_values_)

data1=pca.fit_transform(data)
data1 = pd.DataFrame(data1)
#假设上面有一个DataFrame叫做data
data2 = (data1-data1.min())/(data1.max()-data1.min())#即简单实现标准化
data2['label']=iris.target
data2.columns=["feature1", "feature2", 'label']
data2.head()
#columns = ["feature1", "feature2"]

data2['label'].value_counts()

输出

下面开始画图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
%matplotlib inline
#matplotlib画图中中文显示会有问题，需要这两行设置默认字体

plt.xlabel(u'feature1') # x轴标签
plt.ylabel(u'feature1')
plt.title(u'iris_plot')  # 图的名称
for i in range(3):
    df1=data2.loc[data2['label']==i]
    feature1=df1.loc[:, ['feature1']]
    feature2=df1.loc[:, ['feature2']]
    plt.scatter(feature1, feature2)
#plt.savefig("./iris.png")
# 展示图片 *必加
plt.show()

1. 画3D图

%matplotlib notebook

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
figure = plt.figure()

axes = Axes3D(figure)
X = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = 3*X**2 +2*Y**2 +2

axes.plot_surface(X, Y, Z,cmap="rainbow")

plt.show()

#方法一，利用关键字
%matplotlib notebook
# from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

# #定义坐标轴
# fig = plt.figure()
# ax1 = plt.axes(projection='3d')

#方法二，利用三维轴方法
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

#定义图像和三维格式坐标轴
fig=plt.figure()
ax2 = Axes3D(fig)

import numpy as np
z = np.linspace(0,13,1000)
x = 5*np.sin(z)
y = 5*np.cos(z)
zd = 13*np.random.random(100)
xd = 5*np.sin(zd)+0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
yd = 5*np.cos(zd)+0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
ax2.scatter3D(xd,yd,zd, cmap='Blues')  #绘制散点图
ax2.plot3D(x,y,z,'gray')    #绘制空间曲线
plt.show()

%matplotlib inline
def f(x, y):
 return np.sin(np.sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2))
x = np.linspace(-6,6,30)
y = np.linspace(-6,6,30)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = f(X,Y)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
ax.contour3D(X, Y, Z, 50, cmap='binary')
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')
#调整观察角度和方位角。这里将俯仰角设为60度，把方位角调整为35度
ax.view_init(60, 35)

theta = 2 * np.pi * np.random.random(1000)
r = 6 * np.random.random(1000)
x = np.ravel(r * np.sin(theta))
y = np.ravel(r * np.cos(theta))
z = f(x, y)

ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
ax.scatter(x, y, z, c=z, cmap='viridis', linewidth=0.5)

fig = plt.figure()  #定义新的三维坐标轴
ax3 = plt.axes(projection='3d')
#定义三维数据
xx = np.arange(-5,5,0.5)
yy = np.arange(-5,5,0.5)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
Z = np.sin(X)+np.cos(Y)
#作图
ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,cmap='rainbow')
#ax3.contour(X,Y,Z, zdim='z',offset=-2，cmap='rainbow)   #等高线图，要设置offset，为Z的最小值
plt.show()

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
#定义坐标轴
fig4 = plt.figure()
ax4 = plt.axes(projection='3d')
#生成三维数据
xx = np.arange(-5,5,0.1)
yy = np.arange(-5,5,0.1)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2+Y**2))
#作图
ax4.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,alpha=0.3,cmap='winter')     #生成表面， alpha 用于控制透明度
ax4.contour(X,Y,Z,zdir='z', offset=-3,cmap="rainbow")  #生成z方向投影，投到x-y平面
ax4.contour(X,Y,Z,zdir='x', offset=-6,cmap="rainbow")  #生成x方向投影，投到y-z平面
ax4.contour(X,Y,Z,zdir='y', offset=6,cmap="rainbow")   #生成y方向投影，投到x-z平面
#ax4.contourf(X,Y,Z,zdir='y', offset=6,cmap="rainbow")   #生成y方向投影填充，投到x-z平面，contourf()函数
#设定显示范围
ax4.set_xlabel('X')
ax4.set_xlim(-6, 4)  #拉开坐标轴范围显示投影
ax4.set_ylabel('Y')
ax4.set_ylim(-4, 6)
ax4.set_zlabel('Z')
ax4.set_zlim(-3, 3)
plt.show()