1. 查看 centos 版本
cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
2 .查看 ip地址
ip addr
sudo yum install net-tools -y
3. 是否能够上网
ping www.baidu.com
ping 114.114.114.114
sudo systemctl restart network
4. DNS
更新DNS配置
编辑/etc/resolv.conf文件,确保其中包含有效的DNS服务器,例如Google的公共DNS:
sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf
1
添加以下行:
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
yum 指令
sudo yum check-update # 列出所有可更新的软件包
查询 yum 源
sudo yum repolist
yum list
yum provides ifconfig
搜索软件包
sudo yum search epel
#查看更新后的yum源
yum repolist
2、配置EPEL(扩展)源
有些国外的软件在国内的yum源中不一定能找到,所以Linux提供了EPEL(扩展)源,里面都是些国外的软件。
5. 更新YUM仓库源为阿里云镜像源:
Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64
参考文档
CentOS yum源设置为国内aliyun yum源
https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1523301?spm=5176.26934562.main.2.16c938e4ys9prQ
CentOS 镜像
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.4b2d1b11s6VkHv
备份
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
下载新的 CentOS-Base.repo 到 /etc/yum.repos.d/
sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
清理并重建缓存
# 清除yum缓存
sudo yum clean all
# 缓存阿里云源
sudo yum makecache
# 测试阿里云源
sudo yum list
sudo yum check-update
还是不要升级了,下面这句话不要执行
sudo yum update
测试 更新源 之后,是否能用
sudo yum -y install tree
安装常用的包
sudo yum install net-tools -y
sudo yum install wget -y
sudo yum install lrzsz -y
查看 同步时区
centos7 时区设置 时间同步
timedatectl
sudo yum install chrony -y
sudo systemctl enable chronyd
sudo systemctl start chronyd
sudo systemctl status chronyd
查看防火墙
sudo systemctl status firewalld.service
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
开放端口:sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
重启防火墙:sudo systemctl restart firewalld.service
查看已开启的端口信息:
sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports
查看防火墙状态,running代表正在运行:
sudo firewall-cmd --state
停止命令
sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
启动命令
sudo systemctl start firewalld.service
4. 防火墙状态查询
sudo iptables -nvL
sudo firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all-zones
查看默认的域所有信息
firewall-cmd --list-all
查看public域下所有信息
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=39100/tcp --permanent
sudo systemctl restart firewalld.service
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
netstat -ntlp
设置静态IP地址
虚拟机 安装 centos7 Server 不带桌面 静态IP地址
https://blog.csdn.net/wowocpp/article/details/139465713
ip addr
ifconfig
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
vi ifcfg-eth0
sudo systemctl restart network
sudo service network restart
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
sudo cp ifcfg-enp4s0 bak_ifcfg-enp4s0
sudo vi ifcfg-enp4s0
内容为
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="enp4s0"
UUID="a44b095c-4cc9-4963-8c89-24f256537e64"
DEVICE="enp4s0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.99.40"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.99.1"
DNS1="192.168.99.1"
DNS2="8.8.8.8"
IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
sudo systemctl restart network
安装mysql
centos7 xtrabackup mysql 基本测试(3)—虚拟机环境 安装mysql
https://blog.csdn.net/wowocpp/article/details/139628135
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Lan6789~1';
flush privileges;
添加一个新的用户
CREATE USER 'etc'@'%' IDENTIFIED by '1234aA~1';
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'etc'@'%';
flush privileges;
查看用户权限
show grants for 'etc'@'%';
查看 都有哪些用户
mysql -u root -p
SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user;
select * from mysql.user where user='reader'\G
添加一个只读用户
https://blog.csdn.net/a772304419/article/details/141131583
-- 创建一个新用户 'readonlyuser',设置密码 'password123'
CREATE USER 'readonlyuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password123';
-- 为这个用户授予在所有数据库上的SELECT权限,但不包括修改数据的权限
GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'readonlyuser'@'%';
-- 刷新权限,使更改生效
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
22
CREATE USER 'readonly_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password123';
GRANT SELECT ON mydatabase.* TO 'readonly_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'readonly_user'@'localhost';
防火墙
#查看防火墙状态
sudo firewall-cmd --state
#开放端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
#重新载入:
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
#查看所有打开的端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
netstat -ntlp
修改 mysql datadir 目录
centos7 xtrabackup mysql 基本测试(4)—虚拟机环境 mysql 修改datadir
https://blog.csdn.net/wowocpp/article/details/139683438
需要知道 xtrabackup 之后,原来的数据库中的用户名 还在吗?
安装 xtrabackup
centos7 xtrabackup mysql(8)增量备份(1)
https://blog.csdn.net/wowocpp/article/details/140714223
安装 qpress
wget “http://docs-aliyun.cn-hangzhou.oss.aliyun-inc.com/assets/attach/183466/cn_zh/1608011575185/qpress-11-linux-x64.tar”
tar xvf qpress-11-linux-x64.tar
chmod 775 qpress
cp qpress /usr/bin
mysql 服务
sudo systemctl status mysql
sudo systemctl start mysqld