【期刊】【Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence】【人工智能的工程应用】

A journal of IFAC, the International Federation of Automatic Control Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a major role in the fourth industrial revolution and we are seeing a lot of evolution in various machine learning methodologies. AI techniques are widely used by the practicing engineer to solve a whole range of hitherto intractable problems. This journal provides an international forum for rapid publication of work describing the practical application of AI methods in all branches of engineering. Submitted papers should report some novel aspects of AI used for a real world engineering application and also validated using some public data sets for easy replicability of the research results.
作为 IFAC 的期刊，国际自动控制人工智能联合会（AI）在第四次工业革命中发挥着重要作用，我们看到各种机器学习方法正在发生大量演变。

人工智能技术被执业工程师广泛用于解决一系列迄今为止难以解决的问题。该期刊提供了一个国际论坛，用于快速发布描述 AI 方法在所有工程分支中的实际应用的工作。

提交的论文应报告用于实际工程应用的 AI 的一些新颖方面，并使用一些公共数据集进行验证，以便于研究结果的复制。

Papers which do not respect the 4 following conditions will be desk-rejected without being sent to reviewers:
不满足以下 4 个条件的论文将被拒稿，而不会发送给审稿人：

Papers on new metaphor-based metaheuristics are very rarely accepted by EAAI (see details on this in the guide online).
关于新的基于隐喻的元启发式方法的论文很少被 EAAI 接受（请参阅在线指南中的详细信息）。

The abstract should clearly specify which is the contribution in AI and which is the application in engineering.
摘要应明确说明哪些是 AI 的贡献，哪些是工程中的应用。

The use of undefined acronyms in the title and in the abstract is forbidden.
禁止在标题和摘要中使用未定义的首字母缩略词。

The papers must be formatted in single-column format.
论文的格式必须为单列格式。

Focal points of the journal include, but are not limited to innovative applications of:
该杂志的重点包括但不限于以下方面的创新应用：

Internet–of–things and cyber-physical systems
物联网和信息物理系统
Intelligent transportation systems & smart vehicles
智能交通系统和智能车辆
Big data analytics, understanding complex networks
大数据分析，了解复杂网络
Neural networks, fuzzy systems, neuro-fuzzy systems
神经网络、模糊系统、神经模糊系统
Deep learning and real world applications
深度学习和实际应用
Self-organizing, emerging or bio-inspired system
自组织、新兴或生物启发系统
Global optimization, Meta-heuristics and their applications: Evolutionary Algorithms, swarm intelligence, nature and biologically inspired meta-heuristics, etc.
全局优化、元启发式及其应用：进化算法、群体智能、自然和生物启发的元启发式等。
Architectures, algorithms and techniques for distributed AI systems, including multi-agent based control and holonic control
分布式 AI 系统的架构、算法和技术，包括基于多智能体的控制和整体控制
Decision-support systems 决策支持系统
Aspects of reasoning: abductive, case-based, model-based, non-monotonic, incomplete, progressive and approximate reasoning
推理方面：归纳推理、基于案例、基于模型、非单调、不完全、渐进和近似推理
Applications of chaos theory and fractals
混沌理论和分形的应用
Real-time intelligent automation, and their associated supporting methodologies and techniques, including control theory and industrial informatics
实时智能自动化及其相关的支持方法和技术，包括控制理论和工业信息学
Knowledge processing, knowledge elicitation and acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge compaction, knowledge bases, expert systems
知识处理、知识获取、知识表示、知识压缩、知识库、专家系统
Perception, e.g. image processing, pattern recognition, vision systems, tactile systems, speech recognition and synthesis
感知，例如图像处理、模式识别、视觉系统、触觉系统、语音识别和合成
Aspects of software engineering, e.g. intelligent programming environments, verification and validation of AI-based software, software and hardware architectures for the real-time use of AI techniques, safety and reliability
软件工程的各个方面，例如智能编程环境、基于 AI 的软件的验证和确认、用于实时使用 AI 技术的软件和硬件架构、安全性和可靠性
Intelligent fault detection, fault analysis, diagnostics and monitoring
智能故障检测、故障分析、诊断和监控
Industrial experiences in the application of the above techniques, e.g. case studies or benchmarking exercises
应用上述技术的行业经验，例如案例研究或基准测试练习
Robotics 机器人

Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence publishes:
人工智能的工程应用出版了：

Survey papers/tutorials 调查论文/教程
Contributed papers — detailed expositions of new research or applications
投稿论文 — 新研究或应用的详细阐述
Case studies or software reviews — evaluative and descriptive reviews of existing available AI software systems, discussing the experience gained and lessons learnt from using or developing AI systems for engineering applications
案例研究或软件审查 — 对现有可用的 AI 软件系统进行评估和描述性审查，讨论从使用或开发用于工程应用的 AI 系统中获得的经验和教训
IFAC EAAI Forum — problems arising from engineering practice, needing to be solved by somebody; solutions to problems discussed in this forum or elsewhere; critiques of a position or claim found in the literature
IFAC EAAI 论坛 — 工程实践中出现的问题，需要有人解决;本论坛或其他地方讨论的问题的解决方案;对文献中发现的立场或主张的批评

The Editors of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence wish to inform authors that this journal will not publish papers that propose "novel" metaphor-based metaheuristics, unless the authors:
《人工智能工程应用》的编辑希望通知作者，本期刊不会发表提出“新颖”基于隐喻的元启发式方法的论文，除非作者：

present their method using the normal, standard optimization terminology;
使用正常的标准优化术语介绍他们的方法;
show that the new method brings useful and novel concepts to the field;
表明新方法为该领域带来了有用和新颖的概念;
motivate the use of the metaphor on a sound, scientific basis;
在合理、科学的基础上激励使用隐喻;
present a fair comparison with other state-of-the-art methods using state-of-the-art practices for benchmarking algorithms.
使用最先进的基准测试算法实践，与其他最先进的方法进行公平的比较。

For more details on the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), visit their home page at http://www.ifac-control.org
有关国际自动控制联合会（IFAC）的更多详细信息，请访问其主页 http://www.ifac-control.org

Software publication 软件出版物

We invite you to convert your open source software into an additional journal publication in Software Impacts, a multi-disciplinary open access journal. Software Impacts provides a scholarly reference to software that has been used to address a research challenge. The journal disseminates impactful and re-usable scientific software through Original Software Publications which describe the application of the software to research and the published outputs.
我们邀请您将开源软件转换为多学科开放获取期刊 Software Impacts 上的附加期刊出版物。Software Impacts 为用于解决研究挑战的软件提供了学术参考。该杂志通过原始软件出版物传播有影响力和可重复使用的科学软件，这些出版物描述了软件在研究和已发表成果中的应用。

For more information contact us at: software.impacts@elsevier.com
欲了解更多信息，请联系我们：software.impacts@elsevier.com

Introduction 介绍

Your paper your way 您的论文，您的方式

We now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article.
现在，我们区分了新提交和修订提交的要求。您可以选择将手稿作为单个 Word 或 PDF 文件提交，以便在审稿过程中使用。只有当您的论文处于修改阶段时，您才会被要求将论文转换为“正确的格式”以供接受，并提供发表文章所需的项目。

To find out more, please visit the Preparation section below.
要了解更多信息，请访问下面的准备部分。

Introduction 介绍

A journal of IFAC, the International Federation of Automatic Control
国际自动控制联合会（IFAC）的期刊

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are now being used by the practicing engineer to solve a whole range of hitherto intractable problems. This journal provides an international forum for rapid publication of work describing the practical application of AI methods in all branches of engineering.
人工智能（AI）技术现在正被执业工程师用于解决一系列迄今为止难以解决的问题。该期刊提供了一个国际论坛，用于快速发布描述 AI 方法在所有工程分支中的实际应用的工作。

Focal points of the journal include, but are not limited to innovative applications of:
该杂志的重点包括但不限于以下方面的创新应用：

• Real-time intelligent automation, and their associated supporting methodologies and techniques, including control theory and industrial informatics,
• 实时智能自动化及其相关的支持方法和技术，包括控制理论和工业信息学，

• Architectures, algorithms and techniques for distributed AI systems, including multi-agent based control and holonic control,
• 分布式 AI 系统的架构、算法和技术，包括基于多智能体的控制和整体控制，

• Decision-support systems,
• 决策支持系统，

• Aspects of reasoning: abductive, case-based, model-based, non-monotonic, incomplete, progressive and approximate reasoning,
• 推理方面：归纳推理、基于案例、基于模型、非单调、不完整、渐进和近似推理，

• Applications of chaos theory and fractals,
• 混沌理论和分形的应用，

• Metaheuristics and their applications in intelligent automation: Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, etc.,
• 元启发式方法及其在智能自动化中的应用：遗传算法、蚁群优化、粒子群优化等，

• Knowledge processing, knowledge elicitation and acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge compaction, knowledge bases, expert systems,
- 知识处理、知识获取和获取、知识表示、知识压缩、知识库、专家系统、

• Neural networks, fuzzy systems, neuro-fuzzy systems,
• 神经网络、模糊系统、神经模糊系统、

• Perception, e.g. image processing, pattern recognition, vision systems, tactile systems, speech recognition and synthesis,
- 感知，例如图像处理、模式识别、视觉系统、触觉系统、语音识别和合成，

• Aspects of software engineering, e.g. intelligent programming environments, verification and validation of AI-based software, software and hardware architectures for the real-time use of AI techniques, safety and reliability,
• 软件工程的各个方面，例如智能编程环境、基于 AI 的软件的验证和确认、用于实时使用 AI 技术的软件和硬件架构、安全性和可靠性，

• Intelligent fault detection, fault analysis, diagnostics and monitoring,
• 智能故障检测、故障分析、诊断和监控，

• Self-organizing, emerging or bio-inspired system,
• 自组织、新兴或仿生系统，

• Industrial experiences in the application of the above techniques, e.g. case studies or benchmarking exercises.
• 应用上述技术的工业经验，例如案例研究或基准测试练习。

Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence publishes:
人工智能的工程应用出版了：

• Survey papers/tutorials.
• 调查论文/教程。

• Contributed papers — detailed expositions of new research or applications.
• 投稿论文 — 新研究或应用的详细阐述。

• Case studies or software reviews — evaluative and descriptive reviews of existing available AI software systems, discussing the experience gained and lessons learnt from using or developing AI systems for engineering applications.
• 案例研究或软件审查 — 对现有可用的 AI 软件系统进行评估和描述性审查，讨论从使用或开发用于工程应用的 AI 系统中获得的经验和教训。

• IFAC EAAI Forum — problems arising from engineering practice, needing to be solved by somebody; solutions to problems discussed in this forum or elsewhere; critiques of a position or claim found in the literature.
• IFAC EAAI 论坛 — 工程实践中出现的问题，需要有人解决;本论坛或其他地方讨论的问题的解决方案;对文献中发现的立场或主张的批评。

Types of paper 纸张类型

Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence publishes
人工智能的工程应用出版物

• Survey papers/tutorials.
• 调查论文/教程。

• Contributed papers - detailed expositions of new research or applications.
• 投稿论文 - 新研究或应用的详细阐述。

• Case studies or software reviews - evaluative and descriptive reviews of existing available AI software systems, discussing the experience gained and lessons learnt from using or developing AI systems for engineering applications.
• 案例研究或软件审查 - 对现有可用的人工智能软件系统进行评估和描述性审查，讨论从使用或开发人工智能系统进行工程应用中获得的经验和教训。

•IFAC EAAI Forum - problems arising from engineering practice, needing to be solved by somebody; solutions to problems discussed in this forum or elsewhere; critiques of a position or claim found in the literature.
•IFAC EAAI 论坛 - 工程实践中出现的问题，需要有人解决;本论坛或其他地方讨论的问题的解决方案;对文献中发现的立场或主张的批评。

Software co-submission 软件共同提交

This journal encourages and enables you to share software that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the software and data with your published article. You have the option to convert your open source software into an additional journal publication in Software Impacts, a multi-disciplinary open access journal that provides a scholarly reference to software that has been used to address a research challenge. It ensures that your software is actively reviewed, curated, formatted, indexed, given a DOI and publicly available to all upon publication. You are encouraged to submit your article to Software Impacts as an additional item If your research article is accepted. Please note an open access fee of 250 USD is payable for publication in Software Impacts. Full details can be found on the Software Impacts guide for authors. Please use this template to write your Software Impacts article.
本期刊鼓励并支持您在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的软件，并使您能够将软件和数据与您发表的文章相互链接。您可以选择将开源软件转换为 Software Impacts 中的其他期刊出版物，Software Impacts 是一本多学科开放获取期刊，为用于解决研究挑战的软件提供学术参考。它确保您的软件经过积极审查、管理、格式化、索引、授予 DOI，并在发布时向所有人公开提供。如果您的研究文章被接受，我们鼓励您将文章作为附加项目提交给 Software Impacts。请注意，在 Software Impacts 中发布需要支付 250 美元的开放获取费用。完整的详细信息可以在面向作者的软件影响指南中找到。请使用此模板撰写您的软件影响文章。

Papers from IFAC technical meetings
IFAC 技术会议论文

Papers submitted to IFAC journals with prior publication in any copyrighted conference proceedings must be substantially different from the conference publication. Authors should indicate in the cover letter in detail how the journal paper differs from the relevant conference paper or papers. In particular, the additional original contribution in the journal paper has to be pointed out explicitly. In the journal paper, the conference paper has to be cited and discussed as any other paper in the list of references.
提交给 IFAC 期刊并事先在任何受版权保护的会议论文集中发表的论文必须与会议出版物有很大不同。作者应在投稿信中详细说明期刊论文与相关会议论文的不同之处。特别是，必须明确指出期刊论文中额外的原始贡献。在期刊论文中，会议论文必须像参考文献列表中的任何其他论文一样被引用和讨论。

Submission checklist 提交清单

You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
在将投稿发送给期刊进行审核之前，您可以使用此列表对投稿进行最终检查。有关更多详细信息，请查看本作者指南中的相关部分。

Papers which do not respect the 4 following conditions will be desk-rejected without being sent to reviewers:
不满足以下 4 个条件的论文将被拒稿，而不会发送给审稿人：

• Papers on new metaphor-based metaheuristics are very rarely accepted by EAAI (see details on this in the guide online).
• 关于新的基于隐喻的元启发式的论文很少被 EAAI 接受（请参阅在线指南中的详细信息）。

• The abstract should clearly specify which is the contribution in AI and which is the application in engineering.
• 摘要应明确说明哪些是 AI 的贡献，哪些是工程中的应用。

• The use of undefined acronyms in the title and in the abstract is forbidden.
• 禁止在标题和摘要中使用未定义的首字母缩略词。

• The papers must be formatted in single-column format.
• 论文必须采用单列格式。

Ensure that the following items are present:
确保存在以下项目：

One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
已指定一位作者为通讯作者，并提供联系方式：

• E-mail address • 电子邮件地址

• Full postal address • 完整的邮寄地址

All necessary files have been uploaded:
所有必要的文件都已上传：

Manuscript: 手稿：

• Include keywords • 包含关键字

• All figures (include relevant captions)
• 所有图表（包括相关说明）

• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• 所有表格（包括标题、描述、脚注）

• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• 确保文本中的所有图表和表格引用与提供的文件相匹配

• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
• 明确指出是否应将颜色用于印刷中的任何图形

Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
图形摘要/亮点文件（如适用）

Supplemental files (where applicable)
补充文件（如适用）

Further considerations 进一步的考虑

• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• 手稿已经过“拼写检查”和“语法检查”

• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• 参考文献列表中提到的所有参考文献都在正文中被引用，反之亦然

• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• 已获得使用其他来源（包括 Internet）受版权保护材料的许可

• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• 即使作者没有需要声明的利益争夺，也会提供利益争夺声明

• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• 本指南中详述的期刊政策已经过审查

• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements
• 根据期刊要求提供推荐人建议和联系方式

• Main article file size is strictly limited to max 50MB
• 主条目文件大小严格限制在最大 50MB

For further information, visit our Support Center.
有关更多信息，请访问我们的支持中心。

Before you begin 准备工作

Ethics in publishing 出版业的道德规范

Please see our information on Ethics in publishing.
请参阅我们关于出版道德的信息。

Declaration of competing interest
利益争夺声明

Corresponding authors, on behalf of all the authors of a submission, must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. All authors, including those without competing interests to declare, should provide the relevant information to the corresponding author (which, where relevant, may specify they have nothing to declare). Corresponding authors should then use this tool to create a shared statement and upload to the submission system at the Attach Files step. Please do not convert the .docx template to another file type. Author signatures are not required.
通讯作者代表提交内容的所有作者，必须披露与其他个人或组织的任何财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会不当地影响（偏见）他们的工作。潜在利益冲突的示例包括就业、咨询、股票所有权、酬金、付费专家证词、专利申请/注册以及赠款或其他资金。所有作者，包括那些没有竞争利益需要申报的作者，都应向通讯作者提供相关信息（在相关情况下，通讯作者可以说明他们没有什么需要申报的）。然后，通讯作者应使用此工具创建共享声明，并在附加文件步骤中上传到提交系统。请不要将 .docx 模板转换为其他文件类型。不需要作者签名。

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
科学写作中生成式 AI 的宣言

The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.
以下指南仅涉及写作过程，而不是作为研究过程的一部分使用 AI 工具来分析和从数据中得出见解。

Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier's AI policy for authors.
如果作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能（AI）和 AI 辅助技术，则作者应仅使用这些技术来提高可读性和语言。应用该技术应在人工监督和控制下完成，作者应仔细审查和编辑结果，因为 AI 可以生成听起来很权威的输出，这些输出可能是不正确的、不完整的或有偏见的。AI 和 AI 辅助技术不应列为作者或合著者，也不应作为作者引用。作者身份意味着只能由人类承担并由人类执行的责任和任务，如爱思唯尔的作者人工智能政策中所述。

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.
作者应按照以下说明在手稿中披露 AI 和 AI 辅助技术在写作过程中的使用情况。声明将出现在已发布的作品中。请注意，作者对作品的内容负有最终责任。

Disclosure instructions 披露说明

Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled 'Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process'
作者必须在核心手稿文件的手稿末尾的参考文献列表之前添加声明，以披露生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术在写作过程中的使用。该声明应放在标题为“写作过程中生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术的声明”的新部分

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication
声明：在准备本作品期间，作者使用了 [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] 来 [REASON]。使用此工具/服务后，作者根据需要审查和编辑了内容，并对出版物的内容承担全部责任

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
本声明不适用于使用基本工具检查语法、拼写、参考文献等。如果没有什么需要披露的，则无需添加声明。

Submission declaration and verification
提交申报和验证

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software.
提交文章意味着所描述的工作以前未发表过（以摘要、已发表的讲座或学术论文的形式除外，有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或同时出版”），未考虑在其他地方发表，其发布得到所有作者的批准，并得到开展工作地的负责当局的默许或明确批准，并且，如果被接受，未经版权所有者书面同意，它不会以相同的形式、英语或任何其他语言（包括电子方式）在其他地方发布。为了验证合规性，您的文章可能会通过 Crossref Similarity Check 和其他原创性或重复检查软件进行检查。

Preprints 预印本

Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier's sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).
请注意，根据爱思唯尔的共享政策，可以随时随地共享预印本。例如在预印本服务器上共享预印本不会被视为先前出版物（有关更多信息，请参阅“多个、冗余或并发出版物”）。

Preprint posting on SSRN 在 SSRN 上发布预印本

In support of Open Science, this journal offers its authors a free preprint posting service. Preprints provide early registration and dissemination of your research, which facilitates early citations and collaboration.
为了支持开放科学，本期刊为其作者提供免费的预印本发布服务。预印本为您的研究提供早期注册和传播，从而促进早期引用和协作。

During submission to Editorial Manager, you can choose to release your manuscript publicly as a preprint on the preprint server SSRN once it enters peer-review with the journal. Your choice will have no effect on the editorial process or outcome with the journal. Please note that the corresponding author is expected to seek approval from all co-authors before agreeing to release the manuscript publicly on SSRN.
在提交给编辑经理期间，您可以选择在稿件进入期刊的同行评审后，在预印本服务器 SSRN 上作为预印本公开发布。您的选择不会影响期刊的编辑过程或结果。请注意，通讯作者在同意在 SSRN 上公开发布手稿之前，应寻求所有合著者的批准。

You will be notified via email when your preprint is posted online and a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned. Your preprint will remain globally available free to read whether the journal accepts or rejects your manuscript.
当您的预印本在线发布并分配数字对象标识符（DOI）时，您将收到电子邮件通知。无论期刊接受还是拒绝您的稿件，您的预印本都将在全球范围内免费阅读。

For more information about posting to SSRN, please consult the SSRN Terms of Use and FAQs.
有关向 SSRN 发布的更多信息，请参阅 SSRN 使用条款和常见问题解答。

Use of inclusive language
使用包容性语言

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
包容性语言承认多样性，传达对所有人的尊重，对差异敏感，并促进机会平等。内容不应对任何读者的信仰或承诺做出任何假设;不包含任何可能暗示一个人因年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况而优于另一个人的内容;并在整个过程中使用包容性语言。作者应确保写作没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。我们建议通过使用复数名词（“临床医生、患者/客户”）作为默认/尽可能避免使用“他、她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。我们建议避免使用涉及个人特征（如年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况）的描述，除非它们相关且有效。使用编码术语时，我们建议避免使用冒犯性或排他性术语，例如 “master”、“slave”、“blacklist” 和 “whitelist”。我们建议使用更合适且（不言自明）的替代选项，例如“primary”、“secondary”、“blocklist”和“allowlist”。这些指南旨在作为参考点，以帮助确定适当的语言，但绝非详尽或确定。

Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
报告基于性别和基于性别的分析

Reporting guidance 报告指南

For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.
对于涉及或与人类、动物或真核细胞有关的研究，研究人员应根据资助者/赞助商的要求和某个领域的最佳实践，将基于性别和性别的分析（SGBA）整合到他们的研究设计中。作者应在文章中说明其研究的性别和/或性别维度。在他们不能的情况下，他们应该将此作为他们研究可推广性的限制进行讨论。重要的是，作者应明确说明他们所应用的性别定义和/或性别，以提高其研究的准确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指结构的歧义或混淆（见下面的定义部分）。作者可以参考研究中的性别和性别平等（SAGER）指南和 SAGER 指南清单。这些为在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用和编辑审查性别和性别信息提供了系统的方法——但是，请注意，没有一套单一的、普遍认可的指南来定义性和性别。

Definitions 定义

Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth"), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms "sex" and "gender" can be ambiguous--thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.
性别通常是指一组与生理和生理特征（例如，染色体基因型、荷尔蒙水平、内部和外部解剖结构）相关的生物学属性。二元性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定（“出生时分配的性别”），通常仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。性别通常是指女性、男性和性别多元化人群的社会建构角色、行为和身份，这些角色、行为和身份发生在历史和文化背景下，并且可能因社会和时间而异。性别影响着人们如何看待自己和彼此，他们的行为和互动方式，以及权力在社会中的分配方式。性和性别经常被错误地描绘为二元（女性/男性或女性/男性）和不变的，而这些结构实际上存在于一个范围内，包括额外的性别分类和性别认同，例如双性人/有性发育差异（DSD）或认同为非二元的人。此外，“性”和“性别”这两个术语可能含糊不清——因此作者定义它们的使用方式很重要。除了本定义指南和 SAGER 指南外，本页面上的资源还提供了有关研究中性和性别的进一步见解。

Author contributions 作者贡献

For transparency, we require corresponding authors to provide co-author contributions to the manuscript using the relevant CRediT roles. The CRediT taxonomy includes 14 different roles describing each contributor's specific contribution to the scholarly output. The roles are: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; and Writing - review & editing. Note that not all roles may apply to every manuscript, and authors may have contributed through multiple roles. More details and an example.
为了提高透明度，我们要求通讯作者使用相关的 CRediT 角色为稿件提供合著作者贡献。CRediT 分类法包括 14 个不同的角色，描述了每个贡献者对学术成果的具体贡献。这些角色是：概念化;数据管理;形式分析;资金获取;调查;方法论;项目管理;资源;软件;监督;验证;可视化;角色/编剧 - 原始草稿;和写作 - 审查和编辑。请注意，并非所有角色都适用于每篇手稿，作者可能已经通过多个角色做出了贡献。更多细节和示例。

Changes to authorship 作者身份的更改

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
作者应在提交手稿之前仔细考虑作者名单和顺序，并在原始提交时提供最终的作者名单。在作者名单中对作者姓名的任何添加、删除或重新排列只能在稿件被接受之前进行，并且必须得到期刊编辑的批准。要请求此类更改，编辑必须从通讯作者那里收到以下内容：（a）作者列表更改的原因，以及（b）所有作者的书面确认（电子邮件、信件），表明他们同意添加、删除或重新排列。在添加或删除作者的情况下，这包括被添加或删除的作者的确认。

Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
只有在特殊情况下，编辑才会在稿件被接受后考虑增加、删除或重新排列作者。在编辑考虑请求期间，手稿的出版将被暂停。如果手稿已经在线出版，编辑批准的任何请求都将导致勘误。

Article Transfer Service 文章传输服务

This journal uses the Elsevier Article Transfer Service to find the best home for your manuscript. This means that if an editor feels your manuscript is more suitable for an alternative journal, you might be asked to consider transferring the manuscript to such a journal. The recommendation might be provided by a Journal Editor, a dedicated Scientific Managing Editor, a tool assisted recommendation, or a combination. If you agree, your manuscript will be transferred, though you will have the opportunity to make changes to the manuscript before the submission is complete. Please note that your manuscript will be independently reviewed by the new journal. More information.
本期刊使用爱思唯尔文章转移服务为您的稿件寻找最佳归宿。这意味着，如果编辑认为您的手稿更适合其他期刊，您可能会被要求考虑将手稿转移到这样的期刊。推荐可能由期刊编辑、专门的科学执行编辑、工具辅助推荐或组合提供。如果您同意，您的手稿将被转移，但您有机会在提交完成之前对手稿进行更改。请注意，您的稿件将由新期刊独立审查。更多信息。

Copyright 版权

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
接受文章后，作者将被要求填写“期刊出版协议”（请参阅更多信息）。将向通讯作者发送一封电子邮件，确认收到手稿，并附上“期刊出版协议”表格或本协议在线版本的链接。

Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.
订阅者可以复制目录或准备包括摘要在内的文章列表，以便在其机构内内部流通。在机构外转售或分发以及所有其他衍生作品（包括汇编和翻译）都需要获得出版商的许可。如果包含其他受版权保护作品的摘录，作者必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并在文章中注明来源。爱思唯尔已预先打印表格，供作者在这些情况下使用。

For gold open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (more information). Permitted third party reuse of gold open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license.
对于金色开放获取文章：接受文章后，作者将被要求填写“许可协议”（更多信息）。允许第三方重复使用金色开放获取文章取决于作者选择的用户许可证。

Author rights 作者权利

As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）拥有重复使用您的作品的某些权利。更多信息。

Responsible sharing 负责任的分享

Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
了解如何分享您在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的研究。

Funding source 资金来源

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this.
您需要确定谁为研究和/或文章的准备提供了财务支持，并简要描述申办者在研究设计中的作用（如果有）;在数据的收集、分析和解释中;在撰写报告时;以及提交文章发表的决定。如果资金来源没有此类参与，建议说明这一点。

Open access 开放获取

Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.
请访问我们的开放获取页面，了解有关本期刊开放获取出版的更多信息。

Language 语言

Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Language Services.
请用流利的英语写你的文章（接受美式或英式用法，但不能混合使用）。如果作者认为自己的英文手稿可能需要编辑，以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语，则可能希望使用爱思唯尔语言服务提供的语言编辑服务。

Submission 提交

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
我们的在线提交系统将指导您逐步完成输入文章详细信息和上传文件的过程。系统会将您的文章文件转换为同行评审过程中使用的单个 PDF 文件。需要可编辑的文件（例如 Word、LaTeX）来排版您的文章以进行最终发布。所有信件，包括编辑决定的通知和修改请求，均通过电子邮件发送。

Note that authors should include figures, tables and captions embedded directly within the text of the paper submitted for review. This will assist with the reviewing process. Source files are still required for final publication and will be required should your paper be accepted for publication.
请注意，作者应直接在提交审稿的论文文本中嵌入图表、表格和标题。这将有助于审核过程。最终出版仍然需要源文件，如果您的论文被接受出版，则需要源文件。

Submit your article

提交您的文章

Upload one copy of the full paper including graphics and all figures as graphics file separately at the online submission site, accessed via https://www.editorialmanager.com/EAAI/default.aspx. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
将论文全文（包括图形和所有图表）分别上传到在线提交网站，以图形文件的形式上传，可通过 https://www.editorialmanager.com/EAAI/default.aspx 访问。系统会自动将源文件转换为文章的单个 Adobe Acrobat PDF 版本，该版本用于同行评审过程。请注意，即使手稿源文件在提交审核过程时已转换为 PDF，这些源文件在接受后仍需要进一步处理。所有通信，包括编辑决定的通知和修改请求，均通过电子邮件和作者的主页进行，无需纸质记录。

Suggesting reviewers

建议审阅者

Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential reviewers.
请提交几位潜在审稿人的姓名和机构电子邮件地址。

You should not suggest reviewers who are colleagues, or who have co-authored or collaborated with you during the last three years. Editors do not invite reviewers who have potential competing interests with the authors. Further, in order to provide a broad and balanced assessment of the work, and ensure scientific rigor, please suggest diverse candidate reviewers who are located in different countries/regions from the author group. Also consider other diversity attributes e.g. gender, race and ethnicity, career stage, etc. Finally, you should not include existing members of the journal's editorial team, of whom the journal are already aware.
您不应推荐同事或在过去三年中与您合著或合作的审稿人。编辑不会邀请与作者有潜在利益冲突的审稿人。此外，为了对工作进行广泛而平衡的评估，并确保科学的严谨性，请推荐作者组中位于不同国家/地区的不同候选审稿人。还要考虑其他多样性属性，例如性别、种族和民族、职业阶段等。最后，您不应包括期刊编辑团队的现有成员，期刊已经知道他们。

Note: the editor decides whether or not to invite your suggested reviewers.
注意：编辑决定是否邀请您推荐的审阅者。

Preparation 制备

Queries 查询

For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
有关编辑过程的问题（包括正在审核的稿件的状态）或投稿的技术支持，请访问我们的支持中心。

New submissions 新提交的内容

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a single PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process.
向本期刊投稿完全在线进行，您将被逐步指导创建和上传您的文件。系统会自动将您的文件转换为单个 PDF 文件，用于同行评审过程。

As part of the Your Paper Your Way service, you may choose to submit your manuscript as a single file to be used in the refereeing process. This can be a PDF file or a Word document, in any format or lay-out that can be used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you prefer to do so, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission. Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be uploaded separately.
作为 Your Paper Your Way 服务的一部分，您可以选择将稿件作为单个文件提交，以便在审稿过程中使用。这可以是 PDF 文件或 Word 文档，采用任何格式或布局，可供审稿人用来评估您的手稿。它应该包含足够高质量的数据供参考。如果您愿意这样做，您仍然可以在初次提交时提供全部或部分源文件。请注意，大于 10 MB 的单个图表文件必须单独上传。

References 引用

There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.
提交时对参考文献格式没有严格的要求。引用可以是任何样式或格式，只要样式一致即可。在适用的情况下，必须提供作者姓名、期刊标题/书籍标题、章节标题/文章标题、出版年份、卷号/书籍章节以及文章编号或分页。强烈建议使用 DOI。期刊使用的参考文献格式将在校样阶段应用于爱思唯尔接受的文章。请注意，缺失的数据将在校对阶段突出显示，供作者更正。

Formatting requirements 格式要求

There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
没有严格的格式要求，但所有手稿都必须包含传达手稿所需的基本要素，例如摘要、关键词、引言、材料和方法、结果、结论、插图和带标题的表格。

If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
如果您的文章包含任何视频和/或其他补充材料，则应将其包含在您的初始提交中以供同行评审。

Divide the article into clearly defined sections.
将文章划分为明确定义的部分。

Figures and tables 图形和表格

Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the top of the file. The corresponding caption should be placed directly below the figure or table.
请确保单个文件中包含的图表和表格放在手稿中相关文本的旁边，而不是放在文件的底部或顶部。相应的标题应直接放置在图形或表格的下方。

Peer review 同行审查

This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
本期刊实行单一的匿名审稿流程。所有投稿将由编辑初步评估是否适合该期刊。然后，被认为合适的论文通常会发送给至少两名独立的专家评审员，以评估论文的科学质量。编辑对接受或拒绝文章的最终决定负责。编辑的决定为最终决定。编辑不参与关于他们自己撰写的论文或由家庭成员或同事撰写的论文或与编辑感兴趣的产品或服务相关的决定。任何此类提交均需遵守期刊的所有常规程序，同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行。有关同行评审类型的更多信息。

Revised submissions 修订后的意见

This section describes the revised submissions process for this journal.
本节介绍了该期刊的修订投稿流程。

Please Note: To help our reviewers to conduct the review process as quickly as possible papers should be submitted in the first instance in single-column format with figures, tables and associated captions included at the appropriate points in the text. All such figures and tables should be clearly legible for the reviewers.
请注意：为了帮助我们的审稿人尽快进行审稿过程，论文应首先以单列格式提交，并在文本的适当位置包含图表、表格和相关标题。所有这些数字和表格都应该为审稿人清晰易读。

The source files of figures, tables, text graphics and captions will also be required should your paper be accepted. These may be submitted with your paper at the time of submission or, should your paper be accepted, at the time of acceptance. You should note that since Elsevier needs to request these source files at the time of acceptance this may delay publication if you are unavailable and thus submitting them at the point of submission is recommended.
如果您的论文被接受，还需要提供图表、表格、文本图形和标题的源文件。这些可以在提交时与您的论文一起提交，或者如果您的论文被接受，则可以在接受时提交。您应该注意，由于爱思唯尔需要在接受时请求这些源文件，如果您无法联系，这可能会延迟发布，因此建议您在提交时提交它们。

Use of word processing software
使用文字处理软件

Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). See also the section on Electronic artwork.
无论原始提交的文件格式如何，在修订时，您必须向我们提供整篇文章的可编辑文件。使文本的布局尽可能简单。大多数格式代码将在处理文章时被删除和替换。电子文本的准备方式应与传统手稿非常相似（另见 Elsevier 出版指南）。另请参阅电子插图部分。

To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.
为避免不必要的错误，强烈建议您使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。

LaTeX 乳胶

You are recommended to use the Elsevier article class elsarticle.cls to prepare your manuscript and BibTeX to generate your bibliography.
建议您使用 Elsevier 文章类 elsarticle.cls 来准备您的手稿，并使用 BibTeX 来生成您的参考书目。

Our LaTeX site has detailed submission instructions, templates and other information.
我们的 LaTeX 网站有详细的提交说明、模板和其他信息。

Article structure 文章结构

This section describes the article structure for this journal.
本节介绍本期刊的文章结构。

Sections 部分

Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
将您的文章划分为明确定义和编号的部分。小节的编号应为 1.1 （然后是 1.1.1、1.1.2 等）、1.2 等（摘要不包括在小节编号中）。此编号也用于内部交叉引用：不要只引用 'the text'。任何小节都可以给出一个简短的标题。每个标题都应该出现在自己的单独行上。

Introduction 介绍

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
陈述工作目标并提供足够的背景，避免详细的文献调查或结果总结。

Material and methods 材料和方法

Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
提供足够的细节，以便独立研究人员复制该作品。应该对已经发布的方法进行总结，并通过参考文献来指示。如果直接引用以前发布的方法，请使用引号并引用来源。还应描述对现有方法的任何修改。

Results 结果

Results should be clear and concise.
结果应清晰简洁。

Discussion 讨论

This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
这应该探索工作结果的意义，而不是重复它们。合并的 Results and Discussion 部分通常是合适的。避免对已发表的文献进行广泛的引用和讨论。

Conclusions 结论

The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
研究的主要结论可以在一个简短的结论部分呈现，该部分可以独立存在，也可以构成讨论或结果和讨论部分的子部分。

Appendices 附录

If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
如果有多个附录，则应标识为 A、B 等。附录中的公式和方程应单独编号：方程（A.1）、方程（A.2）等;在随后的附录中，方程（B.1）等。表格和图表也是如此：表 A.1;图 A.1 等。

Essential title page information
基本标题页信息

Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
标题。简洁而翔实。标题通常用于信息检索系统。尽可能避免使用缩写和公式。
Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
作者姓名和单位。 请清楚地注明每位作者的名字和姓氏，并检查所有姓名是否拼写正确。您可以在英文音译后面的您自己的脚本中的括号之间添加您的姓名。在姓名下方显示作者的单位地址（实际工作完成的地方）。在作者姓名后面和相应地址前面用小写上标字母表示所有隶属关系。提供每个隶属机构的完整邮政地址，包括国家/地区名称以及每个作者的电子邮件地址（如果有）。
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
通讯作者。 明确说明谁将在审稿和发布的所有阶段以及发布后处理信件。此职责包括回答将来有关 Methodology 和 Materials 的任何查询。确保提供电子邮件地址，并且通讯作者及时更新联系方式。
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
当前/永久地址。 如果作者在文章中描述的工作完成后搬家，或者当时正在访问，则可以在作者姓名的脚注中标明“当前地址”（或“永久地址”）。作者实际完成工作的地址必须保留为主要的隶属地址。上标阿拉伯数字用于此类脚注。

Highlights 突出

Highlights are optional yet highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the example Highlights.
亮点是可选的，但强烈鼓励本期刊使用，因为它们可以提高文章在搜索引擎中的可发现性。它们由一小段要点组成，这些要点捕捉了您的研究的新结果以及研究期间使用的新方法（如果有）。请看一下示例 Highlights。

Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).
亮点应在在线提交系统中的单独可编辑文件中提交。请在文件名中使用“高亮显示”，并包含 3 到 5 个要点（每个要点最多 85 个字符，包括空格）。

Abstract 抽象

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
需要简明扼要的摘要。摘要应简要说明研究目的、主要结果和主要结论。摘要通常与文章分开呈现，因此它必须能够独立存在。因此，应避免使用参考文献，但如有必要，请引用作者和年份。此外，应避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写，但如果有必要，则必须在摘要本身首次提及时定义它们。

Graphical abstract 图形摘要

Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 x 1328 pixels (h x w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 x 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
尽管图形摘要是可选的，但鼓励使用它，因为它会引起对在线文章的更多关注。图形摘要应以简洁的图片形式总结文章的内容，以吸引广大读者的注意力。图形摘要应作为单独的文件提交到在线提交系统中。图片尺寸：请提供尺寸至少为 531 x 1328 像素（H x W）或按比例显示的图片。图像应以 5 x 13 厘米的尺寸读取，并使用 96 dpi 的常规屏幕分辨率。首选文件类型：TIFF、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件。您可以在我们的信息网站上查看示例图形摘要。

Keywords 关键字

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
在摘要之后，提供最多 6 个关键词，使用美式拼写，避免使用一般和复数术语以及多个概念（避免使用，例如，'and'、'of'）。谨慎使用缩写：只有在该领域牢固确立的缩写才有资格。这些关键字将用于索引目的。

Classification codes 分类代码

Please provide up to 6 standard INSPEC codes. The available codes may be accessed at INSPEC.
请提供最多 6 个标准 INSPEC 代码。可用代码可在 INSPEC 上访问。

Abbreviations 缩写

Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
在脚注中定义此字段中不标准的缩写，以放置在文章的第一页。这种在摘要中不可避免的缩写必须在它们第一次提到时以及在脚注中定义。确保整篇文章中缩写的一致性。

Acknowledgements 确认

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
在文章末尾的参考文献之前单独整理致谢，因此不要将它们包含在标题页上，作为标题的脚注或其他方式。在此处列出在研究期间提供帮助（例如，提供语言帮助、写作帮助或校对文章等）的个人。

Formatting of funding sources
资金来源的格式

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
以这种标准方式列出资金来源，以便于遵守出资者的要求：

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
资金：这项工作得到了美国国立卫生研究院 [资助号 xxxx， yyyy] 的支持;比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，西雅图，华盛顿州[资助号zzzz];和美国和平研究所 [授权号 aaaa]。

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
无需包含有关资助和奖励的计划或类型的详细说明。如果资金来自大学、学院或其他研究机构可用的整体资助或其他资源，请提交提供资金的机构或组织的名称。

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
如果没有为研究提供资金，建议包括以下句子：

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
这项研究没有从公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构获得任何具体资助。

Units 单位

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
遵循国际公认的规则和惯例：使用国际单位制（SI）。如果提到了其他单位，请以 SI 给出它们的等效单位。

Math formulae 数学公式

Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
请将数学方程式作为可编辑的文本而不是图像提交。尽可能使用与普通文本一致的简单公式，并使用实线（/）而不是水平线来表示小分数项，例如 X/Y。原则上，变量以斜体表示。e 的幂通常更方便地用 exp 表示。对必须与文本分开显示的任何方程式进行连续编号（如果在文本中明确引用）。

Footnotes 脚注

Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.
应谨慎使用脚注。在整篇文章中连续编号。许多文字处理器在文本中构建脚注，可以使用此功能。如果不是这种情况，请在正文中指出脚注的位置，并在文章末尾单独显示脚注本身。

Artwork 艺术品

This section describes the artwork for this journal.
本节介绍本期刊的插图。

General points 一般要点

• Each figure and the associated caption should be embedded within the text in the initial submission. Should your paper be accepted, source files will still be required for typesetting.
• 每个图表和相关标题都应嵌入到初始提交的文本中。如果您的论文被接受，则仍需要源文件进行排版。

• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• 确保使用原始图稿的统一字体和大小。

• Save text in illustrations as 'graphics' or enclose the font.
• 将插图中的文本保存为“图形”或将字体括起来。

• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• 在插图中仅使用以下字体：Arial、Courier、Times、Symbol。

• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• 根据插图在文本中的顺序对插图进行编号。

• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• 对图稿文件使用逻辑命名约定。

• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• 单独为插图提供说明。

• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• 生成接近所需打印版本大小的图像。

• Submit each figure as a separate file.
• 将每个图表作为单独的文件提交。

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
我们的网站上提供了有关电子艺术品的详细指南：

Artwork and media instructions | Elsevier policy

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
我们敦促您访问此站点;此处提供了详细信息的一些摘录。

Formats 格式

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
无论使用何种应用程序，当您的电子图稿完成时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意下面给出的线条图、半调和线条/半调组合的分辨率要求）：

EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
EPS：矢量图。嵌入字体或将文本另存为 'graphics'。

TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF：彩色或灰度照片（半色调）：始终使用至少 300 dpi。

TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF：位图线条图：使用至少 1000 dpi。

TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
TIFF：位图线/半调组合（彩色或灰度）：至少需要 500 dpi。

If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is'.
如果您的电子作品是在 Microsoft Office 应用程序（Word、PowerPoint、Excel）中创建的，请提供“原样”。

Please do not: 请不要：

• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
• 提供针对屏幕使用进行了优化的文件（例如 GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）;分辨率太低;

• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• 提供分辨率过低的文件;

• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
• 提交与内容不成比例的大图形。

Electronic artwork 电子艺术品

General points 一般要点

Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
确保使用原始图稿的统一字体和大小。
Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
首选字体：Arial（或 Helvetica）、Times New Roman（或 Times）、Symbol、Courier。
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
根据插图在文本中的顺序对插图进行编号。
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
对图稿文件使用逻辑命名约定。
Indicate per figure if it is a single, 1.5 or 2-column fitting image.
按图指示它是单个、1.5 列还是 2 列拟合图像。
For Word submissions only, you may still provide figures and their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.
仅对于 Word 提交，您仍然可以在修订阶段在单个文件中提供图表及其标题和表格。
Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be provided in separate source files.
请注意，大于 10 MB 的单个图表文件必须在单独的源文件中提供。

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
提供了有关电子艺术品的详细指南。

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
我们敦促您访问此站点;此处提供了详细信息的一些摘录。

Formats 格式

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
无论使用何种应用程序，当您的电子图稿完成时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意下面给出的线条图、半调和线条/半调组合的分辨率要求）：

EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
EPS（或 PDF）：矢量绘图。嵌入字体或将文本另存为 'graphics'。

TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPG）：彩色或灰度照片（半调）：始终使用至少 300 dpi。

TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPG）：位图线条图：使用至少 1000 dpi。

TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
TIFF（或 JPG）：位图线/半调组合（彩色或灰度）：至少需要 500 dpi。

Please do not: 请不要：

Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
提供针对屏幕使用进行了优化的文件（例如 GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）;分辨率太低。
Supply files that are too low in resolution.
提供分辨率过低的文件。
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
提交与内容不成比例的大图形。

Color artwork 彩色图稿

Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or online only. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.
请确保图稿文件采用可接受的格式（TIFF（或 JPEG）、EPS（或 PDF）或 MS Office 文件）并具有正确的分辨率。如果您连同您接受的文章一起提交了可用的彩色图表，则爱思唯尔将确保这些图表以彩色形式在线显示（例如，ScienceDirect和其他网站），无论这些插图是否在印刷版本中以彩色复制，都无需额外付费。对于印刷品的彩色复制，您将在收到您的接受文章后收到爱思唯尔的有关费用的信息。请注明您对颜色的偏好：仅限印刷版或在线版。有关准备电子艺术品的更多信息。

Figure captions 图标题

Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
确保每个插图都有标题。标题应包括一个简短的标题（而不是图表本身）和插图的描述。将插图本身中的文本保持在最低限度，但要解释使用的所有符号和缩写。

Tables 表

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
请以可编辑文本而不是图像的形式提交表格。表格可以放在文章中相关文本的旁边，也可以放在末尾的单独页面上。根据表格在文本中的外观对表格进行连续编号，并将任何表格注释放在表格主体下方。谨慎使用表格，并确保其中提供的数据不会与本文其他部分描述的结果重复。请避免在表格单元格中使用垂直规则和底纹。

References 引用

This section describes the references for this journal.
本节介绍本期刊的参考文献。

Citation in text 正文中的引文

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
请确保文中引用的每个参考文献也出现在参考文献列表中（反之亦然）。摘要中引用的任何参考文献必须完整给出。未发表的结果和个人通信不建议在参考文献列表中使用，但可以在正文中提及。如果这些参考文献包含在参考文献列表中，它们应遵循期刊的标准参考文献格式，并应包括用“未发表的结果”或“个人通信”替换出版日期。引用参考文献为“in press”意味着该项目已被接受出版。

Web references Web 引用

As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
至少应提供完整的 URL 和上次访问引用的日期。如果知道，还应提供任何进一步的信息（DOI、作者姓名、日期、对来源出版物的引用等）。如果需要，可以将 Web 参考文献单独列出（例如，在参考文献列表之后），或者可以包含在参考文献列表中。

Data references 数据引用

This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
本期刊鼓励您在稿件中引用基础或相关数据集，方法是在正文中引用它们，并在参考文献列表中包含数据参考。数据引用应包括以下元素：作者姓名、数据集标题、数据存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全局永久标识符。在引用之前添加 [dataset]，以便我们可以正确地将其识别为数据引用。[dataset] 标识符不会显示在您发布的文章中。

Reference to software 软件参考

We recommend that software (including computational code, scripts, models, notebooks and libraries) should be cited in the same way as other sources of information to support proper attribution and credit, reproducibility, collaboration and reuse, and encourage building on the work of others to further research. To facilitate this, useful information is provided in this article on the essentials of software citation by FORCE 11, of which Elsevier is a member. A reference to software should always include the following elements: creator(s) e.g. the authors or project that developed the software, software title, software repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier.
我们建议软件（包括计算代码、脚本、模型、笔记本和库）的引用方式应与其他信息来源相同，以支持正确的归属和信用、可重复性、协作和重用，并鼓励在他人工作的基础上进一步研究。为了促进这一点，本文提供了有关 FORCE 11 软件引用要点的有用信息，爱思唯尔是 FORCE 11 的成员。对软件的引用应始终包括以下元素：创建者，例如开发软件的作者或项目、软件标题、软件存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全局永久标识符。

Preprint references 预印本参考文献

Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
如果预印本随后作为同行评审出版物提供，则应使用正式出版物作为参考。如果有预印本对您的工作至关重要，或者涵盖了该主题的关键发展，但尚未正式发布，则可以引用这些预印本。预印本应明确标记，例如在参考文献中包含单词 preprint 或预印本服务器的名称。还应提供预印本 DOI。

References in a special issue
特刊中的参考资料

Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
请确保在同一特刊中其他文章的列表（以及文本中的任何引用）中的任何引用中都添加了“本期”一词。

Reference management software
参考文献管理软件

Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.
大多数 Elsevier 期刊在许多最流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了参考文献模板。其中包括支持引文样式语言样式的所有产品，例如 Mendeley。使用这些产品的引文插件，作者在准备文章时只需选择合适的期刊模板，之后引文和书目将自动以期刊的样式进行格式化。如果本期刊尚无可用的模板，请遵循本指南中所示的参考文献和引文样本格式。如果您使用参考文献管理软件，请确保在提交电子稿件之前删除所有字段代码。有关如何从不同的参考文献管理软件中删除域代码的更多信息。

Reference formatting 参考文献格式

There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:
提交时对参考文献格式没有严格的要求。引用可以是任何样式或格式，只要样式一致即可。在适用的情况下，必须提供作者姓名、期刊标题/书籍标题、章节标题/文章标题、出版年份、卷号/书籍章节以及文章编号或分页。强烈建议使用 DOI。期刊使用的参考文献格式将在校样阶段应用于爱思唯尔接受的文章。请注意，缺失的数据将在校对阶段突出显示，供作者更正。如果您确实希望自己格式化引用，则应根据以下示例对其进行排列：

Reference style 参考样式

Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
发短信：文中的所有引文均应指：

1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
1. 作者单一作者：作者姓名（除非有歧义，否则无姓名首字母）和出版年份;

2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
2. 两位作者：两位作者的姓名和出版年份;

3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
3. 三位或三位以上作者：第一作者姓名，后跟“et al.”和出版年份。

Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references can be listed either first alphabetically, then chronologically, or vice versa.
可以直接（或括号）进行引用。参考文献组可以先按字母顺序列出，然后按时间顺序列出，反之亦然。

Examples: 'as demonstrated (Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999)... Or, as demonstrated (Jones, 1999; Allan, 2000)... Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown...'
例如：'如所示（Allan， 2000a， 2000b， 1999;Allan 和 Jones，1999 年）...或者，正如所证明的（Jones， 1999;Allan，2000 年）...Kramer et al. （2010）最近表明......'

List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.
列表： 参考文献应首先按字母顺序排列，然后在必要时进一步按时间顺序排序。同一作者在同一年中的多篇参考文献必须用位于出版年份后的字母“a”、“b”、“c”等来识别。

Examples: 例子：

Reference to a journal publication:
期刊出版物的参考资料：

Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Van der Geer， J.， Hanraads， J.A.J.，卢普顿， RA，2010 年。写科学文章的艺术。J. Sci. Commun.163, 51-59.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372。

Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
引用带有文章编号的期刊出版物：

Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 19, e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Van der Geer， J.， Hanraads， J.A.J.，卢普顿， RA，2018 年。写科学文章的艺术。赫利永。19， e00205.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205。

Reference to a book: 参考一本书：

Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman, New York.
Strunk Jr.， W.， White， EB， 2000 年。The Elements of Style，第四版，朗文，纽约。

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
对编辑书籍中章节的引用：

Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 2009. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281-304.
Mettam， GR， Adams， LB，2009 年。如何准备文章的电子版本，收录于：Jones， B.S.， Smith， R.Z. （Eds.），电子时代导论。E-Publishing Inc.，纽约，第 281-304 页。

Reference to a website: 对网站的引用：

Cancer Research UK, 1975. Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/ (accessed 13 March 2003).
英国癌症研究中心，1975 年。英国的癌症统计报告。http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/（2003 年 3 月 13 日访问）。

Reference to a dataset: 对数据集的引用：

[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T., 2015. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
[数据集]小黑，M.，Imahiro，S.，Saito，S.，Nakashizuka，T.，2015 年。日本橡树枯萎病和周围森林成分的死亡率数据。Mendeley Data，第 1 版。https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1。

Reference to software: 软件参考：

Coon, E., Berndt, M., Jan, A., Svyatsky, D., Atchley, A., Kikinzon, E., Harp, D., Manzini, G., Shelef, E., Lipnikov, K., Garimella, R., Xu, C., Moulton, D., Karra, S., Painter, S., Jafarov, E., & Molins, S., 2020. Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) v0.88 (Version 0.88). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209.
库恩，E.，伯恩特，M.，扬，A.，斯维亚茨基，D.，阿奇利，A.，Kikinzon，E.，竖琴，D.，曼齐尼，G.，谢勒夫，E.，利普尼科夫，K.，加里梅拉，R.，徐，C.，莫尔顿，D.，卡拉，S.，画家，S.，贾法罗夫，E.，&莫林斯，S.，2020年。高级地面模拟器（ATS） v0.88（版本 0.88）。芝诺多。https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209。

Journal abbreviations 期刊缩写

Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.
期刊名称应根据标题词缩写列表进行缩写。

Video 视频

Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
爱思唯尔接受视频材料和动画序列来支持和增强您的科学研究。强烈建议拥有视频或动画文件的作者在文章正文中包含指向这些文件的链接。这可以像图形或表格一样完成，方法是引用视频或动画内容并在正文文本中注明应放置的位置。所有提交的文件都应正确标记，以便它们与视频文件的内容直接相关。为了确保您的视频或动画素材可以直接使用，请以我们推荐的文件格式之一提供文件，每个文件的首选最大大小为 150 MB，总共 1 GB。所提供的视频和动画文件将在爱思唯尔网络产品（包括 ScienceDirect）中以您文章的电子版在线发布。请在您的文件中提供“静止图像”：您可以从视频或动画中选择任何帧，也可以制作单独的图像。这些图标将代替标准图标使用，并将个性化指向您的视频数据的链接。有关更详细的说明，请访问我们的视频说明页面。注意：由于视频和动画不能嵌入期刊的印刷版中，请为文章中引用此内容的部分提供电子版和印刷版的文本。

Data visualization 数据可视化

Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.
在您的出版物中包含交互式数据可视化，让您的读者与您的研究更紧密地互动和互动。按照此处的说明了解可用的数据可视化选项以及如何将它们包含在您的文章中。

Supplementary material 补充材料

Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.
补充材料（如应用程序、图像和声音剪辑）可以与您的文章一起发布，以增强它。提交的补充项目将完全按照收到的内容发布（Excel 或 PowerPoint 文件将在线显示）。请将您的材料与文章一起提交，并为每个补充文件提供简明扼要的描述性标题。如果您希望在流程的任何阶段更改补充材料，请务必提供更新的文件。不要对先前版本的任何更正进行注释。请关闭 Microsoft Office 文件中的“跟踪更改”选项，因为这些更改将出现在已发布的版本中。

Research data 研究数据

This journal requires and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
本期刊需要并使您能够在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的数据，并使您能够将数据与您发布的文章相互链接。研究数据是指验证研究结果的观察或实验结果，其中还可能包括与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用的材料。

Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. When sharing data in one of these ways, you are expected to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the "References" section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
以下是您可以将数据与您的文章相关联或在提交手稿时声明数据可用性的多种方式。以这些方式之一共享数据时，您需要在手稿和参考文献列表中引用数据。有关数据引用的更多信息，请参阅“参考文献”部分。有关存放、共享和使用研究数据和其他相关研究材料的更多信息，请访问研究数据页面。

Data linking 数据链接

If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.
如果您已在数据存储库中提供研究数据，则可以将您的文章直接链接到数据集。爱思唯尔与许多知识库合作，将ScienceDirect上的文章与相关知识库链接起来，使读者能够访问基础数据，从而更好地了解所描述的研究。

There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.
有多种方法可以将数据集链接到文章。如果可用，您可以通过在提交系统中提供相关信息来直接将数据集链接到您的文章。有关更多信息，请访问数据库链接页面。

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
对于支持的数据存储库，存储库横幅将自动显示在您在ScienceDirect上发布的文章旁边。

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
此外，您可以使用以下格式通过手稿文本中的标识符链接到相关数据或实体：数据库：xxxx（例如，TAIR：AT1G01020;中央疾病控制委员会：734053;PDB：1XFN）。

Research elements 研究要素

This journal enables you to publish research objects related to your original research -- such as data, methods, protocols, software and hardware -- as an additional paper in a Research Elements journal.
该期刊使您能够发布与原始研究相关的研究对象（例如数据、方法、协议、软件和硬件）作为 Research Elements 期刊中的附加论文。

Research Elements is a suite of peer-reviewed, open access journals which make your research objects findable, accessible and reusable. Articles place research objects into context by providing detailed descriptions of objects and their application, and linking to the associated original research articles. Research Elements articles can be prepared by you, or by one of your collaborators.
Research Elements 是一套经过同行评审的开放获取期刊，使您的研究对象易于查找、访问和重复使用。文章通过提供对象及其应用的详细描述，并链接到相关的原始研究文章，将研究对象置于上下文中。Research Elements 文章可以由您或您的合作者之一准备。

During submission, you will be alerted to the opportunity to prepare and submit a manuscript to one of the Research Elements journals.
在投稿过程中，您将收到提醒，您有机会准备手稿并将其提交给 Research Elements 期刊之一。

More information can be found on the Research Elements page.
更多信息可以在 Research Elements 页面上找到。

Data statement 数据声明

To foster transparency, we require you to state the availability of your data in your submission if your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post. This may also be a requirement of your funding body or institution. You will have the opportunity to provide a data statement during the submission process. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.
为了提高透明度，如果您的数据无法访问或不适合发布，我们要求您在提交的内容中说明您的数据的可用性。这也可能是您的资助机构或机构的要求。在提交过程中，您将有机会提供数据声明。该声明将与您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章一起显示。有关更多信息，请访问数据声明页面。

After acceptance 接受后

Online proof correction 在线校样校正

To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
为确保文章的快速发布过程，我们恳请作者在两天内向我们提供他们的校样更正。通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含指向我们在线校对系统的链接，允许在线注释和更正校样。环境类似于 MS Word：除了编辑文本外，您还可以对图形/表格进行评论并回答 Copy Editor 中的问题。基于 Web 的校对允许您直接键入更正，从而消除了可能引入的错误，从而提供了更快且不易出错的过程。

If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.
如果愿意，您仍然可以选择在 PDF 版本上注释和上传您的编辑。所有校对说明都将在我们发送给作者的电子邮件中提供，包括在线版本和 PDF 的替代方法。

We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
我们将尽一切可能快速准确地发表您的文章。请仅将此校样用于检查文本、表格和图表的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。对于已接受发表的文章的重大更改，只有在获得编辑许可的情况下，才会在此阶段予以考虑。重要的是要确保所有更正都通过一次通信发回给我们。请在回复前仔细检查，因为不能保证包含任何后续更正。校对完全由您负责。

Offprints 选印本

The corresponding author will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link providing 50 days free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share Link can be used for sharing the article via any communication channel, including email and social media. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. Corresponding authors who have published their article gold open access do not receive a Share Link as their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link.
通讯作者将免费获得一个定制的分享链接，该链接可在 50 天内免费访问 ScienceDirect 上文章的最终发布版本。Share Link 可用于通过任何通信渠道（包括电子邮件和社交媒体）共享文章。如需额外付费，可以通过选印本订购表订购纸质选印本，该选印本将在文章被接受出版后发送。已发表文章的通讯作者不会收到分享链接，因为其文章的最终发表版本可在 ScienceDirect 上获得开放获取，并且可以通过文章 DOI 链接分享。

Author inquiries 作者查询

Author Inquiries 作者查询

Visit the Elsevier Support Center to find the answers you need. Here you will find everything from Frequently Asked Questions to ways to get in touch.
请访问爱思唯尔支持中心，查找您需要的答案。在这里，您可以找到从常见问题到联系方式的所有内容。

You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will be published.
您还可以查看已提交文章的状态，或了解已接受文章的发布时间。