自定义Netlink-内核态与用户态交互

linux netlink通信机制 - zhangwju - 博客园

实例代码如下：

netlink_test.c

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>

#define NETLINK_TEST     30
#define MSG_LEN            125
#define USER_PORT        100

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("zhangwj");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("netlink example");

struct sock *nlsk = NULL;
extern struct net init_net;

int send_usrmsg(char *pbuf, uint16_t len)
{
    struct sk_buff *nl_skb;
    struct nlmsghdr *nlh;

    int ret;

    /* 创建sk_buff 空间 */
    nl_skb = nlmsg_new(len, GFP_ATOMIC);
    if(!nl_skb)
    {
        printk("netlink alloc failure\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /* 设置netlink消息头部 */
    nlh = nlmsg_put(nl_skb, 0, 0, NETLINK_TEST, len, 0);
    if(nlh == NULL)
    {
        printk("nlmsg_put failaure \n");
        nlmsg_free(nl_skb);
        return -1;
    }

    /* 拷贝数据发送 */
    memcpy(nlmsg_data(nlh), pbuf, len);
    ret = netlink_unicast(nlsk, nl_skb, USER_PORT, MSG_DONTWAIT);

    return ret;
}

static void netlink_rcv_msg(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
    struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
    char *umsg = NULL;
    char *kmsg = "hello users!!!";

    if(skb->len >= nlmsg_total_size(0))
    {
        nlh = nlmsg_hdr(skb);
        umsg = NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
        if(umsg)
        {
            printk("kernel recv from user: %s\n", umsg);
            send_usrmsg(kmsg, strlen(kmsg));
        }
    }
}

struct netlink_kernel_cfg cfg = { 
        .input  = netlink_rcv_msg, /* set recv callback */
};  

int test_netlink_init(void)
{
    /* create netlink socket */
    nlsk = (struct sock *)netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_TEST, &cfg);
    if(nlsk == NULL)
    {   
        printk("netlink_kernel_create error !\n");
        return -1; 
    }   
    printk("test_netlink_init\n");
    
    return 0;
}

void test_netlink_exit(void)
{
    if (nlsk){
        netlink_kernel_release(nlsk); /* release ..*/
        nlsk = NULL;
    }   
    printk("test_netlink_exit!\n");
}

module_init(test_netlink_init);
module_exit(test_netlink_exit);

Linux内核模块Makefile

#
#Desgin of Netlink
#

MODULE_NAME :=netlink_test
obj-m :=$(MODULE_NAME).o

KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)

all:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD)

clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean

编译完成后生成netlink_test.ko驱动模块，用超级管理权限手动加载

netlink$ ls
Makefile       Module.symvers  netlink_test.ko     netlink_test.mod.o
modules.order  netlink_test.c  netlink_test.mod.c  netlink_test.o
netlink$ sudo insmod netlink_test.ko 
netlink$ lsmod | grep netlink_test
netlink_test           16384  0

编写用户态测试程序test.c

$ cat test.c 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define NETLINK_TEST    30
#define MSG_LEN            125
#define MAX_PLOAD        125

typedef struct _user_msg_info
{
    struct nlmsghdr hdr;
    char  msg[MSG_LEN];
} user_msg_info;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int skfd;
    int ret;
    user_msg_info u_info;
    socklen_t len;
    struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
    struct sockaddr_nl saddr, daddr;
    char *umsg = "hello netlink!!";

    /* 创建NETLINK socket */
    skfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST);
    if(skfd == -1)
    {
        perror("create socket error\n");
        return -1;
    }

    memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
    saddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; //AF_NETLINK
    saddr.nl_pid = 100;  //端口号(port ID) 
    saddr.nl_groups = 0;
    if(bind(skfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0)
    {
        perror("bind() error\n");
        close(skfd);
        return -1;
    }

    memset(&daddr, 0, sizeof(daddr));
    daddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    daddr.nl_pid = 0; // to kernel 
    daddr.nl_groups = 0;

    nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PLOAD));
    memset(nlh, 0, sizeof(struct nlmsghdr));
    nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PLOAD);
    nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
    nlh->nlmsg_type = 0;
    nlh->nlmsg_seq = 0;
    nlh->nlmsg_pid = saddr.nl_pid; //self port

    memcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), umsg, strlen(umsg));
    ret = sendto(skfd, nlh, nlh->nlmsg_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&daddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
    if(!ret)
    {
        perror("sendto error\n");
        close(skfd);
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("send kernel:%s\n", umsg);

    memset(&u_info, 0, sizeof(u_info));
    len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
    ret = recvfrom(skfd, &u_info, sizeof(user_msg_info), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&daddr, &len);
    if(!ret)
    {
        perror("recv form kernel error\n");
        close(skfd);
        exit(-1);
    }

    printf("from kernel:%s\n", u_info.msg);
    close(skfd);

    free((void *)nlh);
    return 0;
}

使用如下命令生成测试程序test

$ gcc test.c -o test

执行测试程序得到正确结果

$ ./test
send kernel:hello netlink!!
from kernel:hello users!!!