前言
VK_KHR_acceleration_structure 和 VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline 扩展进行硬件加速光线追踪的基本示例。展示了如何设置加速结构、光线追踪管线和进行实际光线追踪所需的着色器绑定表。
一、CPP文件
1.RayTracing数据结构
// 保存用作临时存储的光线追踪暂存缓冲区的数据
struct RayTracingScratchBuffer
{
uint64_t deviceAddress = 0;
VkBuffer handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
VkDeviceMemory memory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
};
// 光线追踪加速结构
struct AccelerationStructure {
VkAccelerationStructureKHR handle;
uint64_t deviceAddress = 0;
VkDeviceMemory memory;
VkBuffer buffer;
};
2.RayTracing类
class VulkanExample : public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
PFN_vkGetBufferDeviceAddressKHR vkGetBufferDeviceAddressKHR;
PFN_vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR;
PFN_vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR;
PFN_vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR;
PFN_vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR;
PFN_vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR;
PFN_vkBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR vkBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR;
PFN_vkCmdTraceRaysKHR vkCmdTraceRaysKHR;
PFN_vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR;
PFN_vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR;
VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR rayTracingPipelineProperties{};
VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR accelerationStructureFeatures{};
VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures enabledBufferDeviceAddresFeatures{};
VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelineFeaturesKHR enabledRayTracingPipelineFeatures{};
VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR enabledAccelerationStructureFeatures{};
AccelerationStructure bottomLevelAS{};
AccelerationStructure topLevelAS{};
vks::Buffer vertexBuffer;
vks::Buffer indexBuffer;
uint32_t indexCount;
vks::Buffer transformBuffer;
std::vector<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> shaderGroups{};
vks::Buffer raygenShaderBindingTable;
vks::Buffer missShaderBindingTable;
vks::Buffer hitShaderBindingTable;
struct StorageImage {
VkDeviceMemory memory;
VkImage image;
VkImageView view;
VkFormat format;
} storageImage;
struct UniformData {
glm::mat4 viewInverse;
glm::mat4 projInverse;
} uniformData;
vks::Buffer ubo;
VkPipeline pipeline;
VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
2.函数
创建暂存缓冲区以保存光线追踪加速结构的临时数据
RayTracingScratchBuffer createScratchBuffer(VkDeviceSize size)
{
RayTracingScratchBuffer scratchBuffer{};
VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo{};
bufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
bufferCreateInfo.size = size;
bufferCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &scratchBuffer.handle));
VkMemoryRequirements memoryRequirements{};
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, scratchBuffer.handle, &memoryRequirements);
VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo memoryAllocateFlagsInfo{};
memoryAllocateFlagsInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO;
memoryAllocateFlagsInfo.flags = VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR;
VkMemoryAllocateInfo memoryAllocateInfo = {};
memoryAllocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
memoryAllocateInfo.pNext = &memoryAllocateFlagsInfo;
memoryAllocateInfo.allocationSize = memoryRequirements.size;
memoryAllocateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memoryAllocateInfo, nullptr, &scratchBuffer.memory));
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindBufferMemory(device, scratchBuffer.handle, scratchBuffer.memory, 0));
VkBufferDeviceAddressInfoKHR bufferDeviceAddressInfo{};
bufferDeviceAddressInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO;
bufferDeviceAddressInfo.buffer = scratchBuffer.handle;
scratchBuffer.deviceAddress = vkGetBufferDeviceAddressKHR(device, &bufferDeviceAddressInfo);
return scratchBuffer;
}
创建加速结构Buffer
void createAccelerationStructureBuffer(AccelerationStructure &accelerationStructure, VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR buildSizeInfo)
{
VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo{};
bufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
bufferCreateInfo.size = buildSizeInfo.accelerationStructureSize;
bufferCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STORAGE_BIT_KHR | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &accelerationStructure.buffer));
VkMemoryRequirements memoryRequirements{};
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, accelerationStructure.buffer, &memoryRequirements);
VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo memoryAllocateFlagsInfo{};
memoryAllocateFlagsInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO;
memoryAllocateFlagsInfo.flags = VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR;
VkMemoryAllocateInfo memoryAllocateInfo{};
memoryAllocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
memoryAllocateInfo.pNext = &memoryAllocateFlagsInfo;
memoryAllocateInfo.allocationSize = memoryRequirements.size;
memoryAllocateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memoryAllocateInfo, nullptr, &accelerationStructure.memory));
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindBufferMemory(device, accelerationStructure.buffer, accelerationStructure.memory, 0));
}
从用于光线追踪的某些缓冲区所需的缓冲区获取设备地址
uint64_t getBufferDeviceAddress(VkBuffer buffer)
{
VkBufferDeviceAddressInfoKHR bufferDeviceAI{};
bufferDeviceAI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO;
bufferDeviceAI.buffer = buffer;
return vkGetBufferDeviceAddressKHR(device, &bufferDeviceAI);
}
设置光线生成着色器将要被写入的存储图像
void createStorageImage()
{
VkImageCreateInfo image = vks::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
image.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
image.format = swapChain.colorFormat;
image.extent.width = width;
image.extent.height = height;
image.extent.depth = 1;
image.mipLevels = 1;
image.arrayLayers = 1;
image.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
image.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
image.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT;
image.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &image, nullptr, &storageImage.image));
VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;
vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, storageImage.image, &memReqs);
VkMemoryAllocateInfo memoryAllocateInfo = vks::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
memoryAllocateInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
memoryAllocateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memoryAllocateInfo, nullptr, &storageImage.memory));
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, storageImage.image, storageImage.memory, 0));
VkImageViewCreateInfo colorImageView = vks::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
colorImageView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
colorImageView.format = swapChain.colorFormat;
colorImageView.subresourceRange = {};
colorImageView.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
colorImageView.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
colorImageView.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
colorImageView.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
colorImageView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
colorImageView.image = storageImage.image;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &colorImageView, nullptr, &storageImage.view));
VkCommandBuffer cmdBuffer = vulkanDevice->createCommandBuffer(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, true);
vks::tools::setImageLayout(cmdBuffer, storageImage.image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
{ VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 });
vulkanDevice->flushCommandBuffer(cmdBuffer, queue);
}
创建包含场景实际几何图形（顶点、三角形）的底层加速度结构
void createBottomLevelAccelerationStructure()
{
// Setup vertices for a single triangle
struct Vertex {
float pos[3];
};
std::vector<Vertex> vertices = {
{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f } },
{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f } },
{ { 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f } }
};
// Setup indices
std::vector<uint32_t> indices = { 0, 1, 2 };
indexCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(indices.size());
// Setup identity transform matrix
VkTransformMatrixKHR transformMatrix = {
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f
};
// Create buffers
// For the sake of simplicity we won't stage the vertex data to the GPU memory
// Vertex buffer
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&vertexBuffer,
vertices.size() * sizeof(Vertex),
vertices.data()));
// Index buffer
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&indexBuffer,
indices.size() * sizeof(uint32_t),
indices.data()));
// Transform buffer
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&transformBuffer,
sizeof(VkTransformMatrixKHR),
&transformMatrix));
VkDeviceOrHostAddressConstKHR vertexBufferDeviceAddress{};
VkDeviceOrHostAddressConstKHR indexBufferDeviceAddress{};
VkDeviceOrHostAddressConstKHR transformBufferDeviceAddress{};
vertexBufferDeviceAddress.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(vertexBuffer.buffer);
indexBufferDeviceAddress.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(indexBuffer.buffer);
transformBufferDeviceAddress.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(transformBuffer.buffer);
// Build
VkAccelerationStructureGeometryKHR accelerationStructureGeometry{};
accelerationStructureGeometry.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_GEOMETRY_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.flags = VK_GEOMETRY_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometryType = VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_GEOMETRY_TRIANGLES_DATA_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.vertexFormat = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.vertexData = vertexBufferDeviceAddress;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.maxVertex = 3;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.vertexStride = sizeof(Vertex);
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.indexType = VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.indexData = indexBufferDeviceAddress;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.transformData.deviceAddress = 0;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.transformData.hostAddress = nullptr;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.transformData = transformBufferDeviceAddress;
// Get size info
VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo{};
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_GEOMETRY_INFO_KHR;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.type = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.flags = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_KHR;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.geometryCount = 1;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.pGeometries = &accelerationStructureGeometry;
const uint32_t numTriangles = 1;
VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo{};
accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_SIZES_INFO_KHR;
vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR(
device,
VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_DEVICE_KHR,
&accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo,
&numTriangles,
&accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo);
createAccelerationStructureBuffer(bottomLevelAS, accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo);
VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR accelerationStructureCreateInfo{};
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.buffer = bottomLevelAS.buffer;
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.size = accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo.accelerationStructureSize;
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.type = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR;
vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR(device, &accelerationStructureCreateInfo, nullptr, &bottomLevelAS.handle);
// Create a small scratch buffer used during build of the bottom level acceleration structure
RayTracingScratchBuffer scratchBuffer = createScratchBuffer(accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo.buildScratchSize);
VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR accelerationBuildGeometryInfo{};
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_GEOMETRY_INFO_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.type = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.flags = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.mode = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_BUILD_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.dstAccelerationStructure = bottomLevelAS.handle;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.geometryCount = 1;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.pGeometries = &accelerationStructureGeometry;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.scratchData.deviceAddress = scratchBuffer.deviceAddress;
VkAccelerationStructureBuildRangeInfoKHR accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo{};
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.primitiveCount = numTriangles;
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.primitiveOffset = 0;
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.firstVertex = 0;
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.transformOffset = 0;
std::vector<VkAccelerationStructureBuildRangeInfoKHR*> accelerationBuildStructureRangeInfos = { &accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo };
// Build the acceleration structure on the device via a one-time command buffer submission
// Some implementations may support acceleration structure building on the host (VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR->accelerationStructureHostCommands), but we prefer device builds
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = vulkanDevice->createCommandBuffer(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, true);
vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR(
commandBuffer,
1,
&accelerationBuildGeometryInfo,
accelerationBuildStructureRangeInfos.data());
vulkanDevice->flushCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, queue);
VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR accelerationDeviceAddressInfo{};
accelerationDeviceAddressInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO_KHR;
accelerationDeviceAddressInfo.accelerationStructure = bottomLevelAS.handle;
bottomLevelAS.deviceAddress = vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR(device, &accelerationDeviceAddressInfo);
deleteScratchBuffer(scratchBuffer);
}
设置高层级的加速结构
void createBottomLevelAccelerationStructure()
{
// Setup vertices for a single triangle
struct Vertex {
float pos[3];
};
std::vector<Vertex> vertices = {
{ { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f } },
{ { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f } },
{ { 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f } }
};
// Setup indices
std::vector<uint32_t> indices = { 0, 1, 2 };
indexCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(indices.size());
// Setup identity transform matrix
VkTransformMatrixKHR transformMatrix = {
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f
};
// Create buffers
// For the sake of simplicity we won't stage the vertex data to the GPU memory
// Vertex buffer
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&vertexBuffer,
vertices.size() * sizeof(Vertex),
vertices.data()));
// Index buffer
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&indexBuffer,
indices.size() * sizeof(uint32_t),
indices.data()));
// Transform buffer
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&transformBuffer,
sizeof(VkTransformMatrixKHR),
&transformMatrix));
VkDeviceOrHostAddressConstKHR vertexBufferDeviceAddress{};
VkDeviceOrHostAddressConstKHR indexBufferDeviceAddress{};
VkDeviceOrHostAddressConstKHR transformBufferDeviceAddress{};
vertexBufferDeviceAddress.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(vertexBuffer.buffer);
indexBufferDeviceAddress.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(indexBuffer.buffer);
transformBufferDeviceAddress.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(transformBuffer.buffer);
// Build
VkAccelerationStructureGeometryKHR accelerationStructureGeometry{};
accelerationStructureGeometry.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_GEOMETRY_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.flags = VK_GEOMETRY_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometryType = VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_GEOMETRY_TRIANGLES_DATA_KHR;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.vertexFormat = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.vertexData = vertexBufferDeviceAddress;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.maxVertex = 3;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.vertexStride = sizeof(Vertex);
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.indexType = VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.indexData = indexBufferDeviceAddress;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.transformData.deviceAddress = 0;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.transformData.hostAddress = nullptr;
accelerationStructureGeometry.geometry.triangles.transformData = transformBufferDeviceAddress;
// Get size info
VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo{};
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_GEOMETRY_INFO_KHR;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.type = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.flags = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_KHR;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.geometryCount = 1;
accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo.pGeometries = &accelerationStructureGeometry;
const uint32_t numTriangles = 1;
VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo{};
accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_SIZES_INFO_KHR;
vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR(
device,
VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_DEVICE_KHR,
&accelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfo,
&numTriangles,
&accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo);
createAccelerationStructureBuffer(bottomLevelAS, accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo);
VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR accelerationStructureCreateInfo{};
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.buffer = bottomLevelAS.buffer;
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.size = accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo.accelerationStructureSize;
accelerationStructureCreateInfo.type = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR;
vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR(device, &accelerationStructureCreateInfo, nullptr, &bottomLevelAS.handle);
// Create a small scratch buffer used during build of the bottom level acceleration structure
RayTracingScratchBuffer scratchBuffer = createScratchBuffer(accelerationStructureBuildSizesInfo.buildScratchSize);
VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR accelerationBuildGeometryInfo{};
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_GEOMETRY_INFO_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.type = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.flags = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.mode = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_BUILD_KHR;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.dstAccelerationStructure = bottomLevelAS.handle;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.geometryCount = 1;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.pGeometries = &accelerationStructureGeometry;
accelerationBuildGeometryInfo.scratchData.deviceAddress = scratchBuffer.deviceAddress;
VkAccelerationStructureBuildRangeInfoKHR accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo{};
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.primitiveCount = numTriangles;
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.primitiveOffset = 0;
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.firstVertex = 0;
accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo.transformOffset = 0;
std::vector<VkAccelerationStructureBuildRangeInfoKHR*> accelerationBuildStructureRangeInfos = { &accelerationStructureBuildRangeInfo };
// Build the acceleration structure on the device via a one-time command buffer submission
// Some implementations may support acceleration structure building on the host (VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR->accelerationStructureHostCommands), but we prefer device builds
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = vulkanDevice->createCommandBuffer(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, true);
vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR(
commandBuffer,
1,
&accelerationBuildGeometryInfo,
accelerationBuildStructureRangeInfos.data());
vulkanDevice->flushCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, queue);
VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR accelerationDeviceAddressInfo{};
accelerationDeviceAddressInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO_KHR;
accelerationDeviceAddressInfo.accelerationStructure = bottomLevelAS.handle;
bottomLevelAS.deviceAddress = vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR(device, &accelerationDeviceAddressInfo);
deleteScratchBuffer(scratchBuffer);
}
创建绑定程序和顶级加速结构的着色器绑定表
void createShaderBindingTable() {
。。。
}
创建用于光线追踪调度的描述符集
void createDescriptorSets()
{
。。。
}
创建渲染管线
void createRayTracingPipeline()
{
VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding accelerationStructureLayoutBinding{};
accelerationStructureLayoutBinding.binding = 0;
accelerationStructureLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR;
accelerationStructureLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
accelerationStructureLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR;
VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding resultImageLayoutBinding{};
resultImageLayoutBinding.binding = 1;
resultImageLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
resultImageLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
resultImageLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR;
VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uniformBufferBinding{};
uniformBufferBinding.binding = 2;
uniformBufferBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
uniformBufferBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
uniformBufferBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR;
std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings({
accelerationStructureLayoutBinding,
resultImageLayoutBinding,
uniformBufferBinding
});
VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorSetlayoutCI{};
descriptorSetlayoutCI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
descriptorSetlayoutCI.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
descriptorSetlayoutCI.pBindings = bindings.data();
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorSetlayoutCI, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout));
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutCI{};
pipelineLayoutCI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineLayoutCI.setLayoutCount = 1;
pipelineLayoutCI.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutCI, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
/*
Setup ray tracing shader groups
*/
std::vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> shaderStages;
// Ray generation group
{
shaderStages.push_back(loadShader(getShadersPath() + "raytracingbasic/raygen.rgen.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR));
VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR shaderGroup{};
shaderGroup.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
shaderGroup.type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR;
shaderGroup.generalShader = static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderStages.size()) - 1;
shaderGroup.closestHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroup.anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroup.intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroups.push_back(shaderGroup);
}
// Miss group
{
shaderStages.push_back(loadShader(getShadersPath() + "raytracingbasic/miss.rmiss.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_MISS_BIT_KHR));
VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR shaderGroup{};
shaderGroup.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
shaderGroup.type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR;
shaderGroup.generalShader = static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderStages.size()) - 1;
shaderGroup.closestHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroup.anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroup.intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroups.push_back(shaderGroup);
}
// Closest hit group
{
shaderStages.push_back(loadShader(getShadersPath() + "raytracingbasic/closesthit.rchit.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_BIT_KHR));
VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR shaderGroup{};
shaderGroup.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
shaderGroup.type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_TRIANGLES_HIT_GROUP_KHR;
shaderGroup.generalShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroup.closestHitShader = static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderStages.size()) - 1;
shaderGroup.anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroup.intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR;
shaderGroups.push_back(shaderGroup);
}
/*
Create the ray tracing pipeline
*/
VkRayTracingPipelineCreateInfoKHR rayTracingPipelineCI{};
rayTracingPipelineCI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
rayTracingPipelineCI.stageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderStages.size());
rayTracingPipelineCI.pStages = shaderStages.data();
rayTracingPipelineCI.groupCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderGroups.size());
rayTracingPipelineCI.pGroups = shaderGroups.data();
rayTracingPipelineCI.maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth = 1;
rayTracingPipelineCI.layout = pipelineLayout;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &rayTracingPipelineCI, nullptr, &pipeline));
}
创建命令缓冲
void buildCommandBuffers()
{
if (resized)
{
handleResize();
}
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();
VkImageSubresourceRange subresourceRange = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 };
for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
{
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));
/*
Setup the buffer regions pointing to the shaders in our shader binding table
*/
const uint32_t handleSizeAligned = vks::tools::alignedSize(rayTracingPipelineProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize, rayTracingPipelineProperties.shaderGroupHandleAlignment);
VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR raygenShaderSbtEntry{};
raygenShaderSbtEntry.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(raygenShaderBindingTable.buffer);
raygenShaderSbtEntry.stride = handleSizeAligned;
raygenShaderSbtEntry.size = handleSizeAligned;
VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR missShaderSbtEntry{};
missShaderSbtEntry.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(missShaderBindingTable.buffer);
missShaderSbtEntry.stride = handleSizeAligned;
missShaderSbtEntry.size = handleSizeAligned;
VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR hitShaderSbtEntry{};
hitShaderSbtEntry.deviceAddress = getBufferDeviceAddress(hitShaderBindingTable.buffer);
hitShaderSbtEntry.stride = handleSizeAligned;
hitShaderSbtEntry.size = handleSizeAligned;
VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR callableShaderSbtEntry{};
/*
Dispatch the ray tracing commands
*/
vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_RAY_TRACING_KHR, pipeline);
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_RAY_TRACING_KHR, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, 0);
vkCmdTraceRaysKHR(
drawCmdBuffers[i],
&raygenShaderSbtEntry,
&missShaderSbtEntry,
&hitShaderSbtEntry,
&callableShaderSbtEntry,
width,
height,
1);
/*
Copy ray tracing output to swap chain image
*/
// Prepare current swap chain image as transfer destination
vks::tools::setImageLayout(
drawCmdBuffers[i],
swapChain.images[i],
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
subresourceRange);
// Prepare ray tracing output image as transfer source
vks::tools::setImageLayout(
drawCmdBuffers[i],
storageImage.image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
subresourceRange);
VkImageCopy copyRegion{};
copyRegion.srcSubresource = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, 1 };
copyRegion.srcOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };
copyRegion.dstSubresource = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, 1 };
copyRegion.dstOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };
copyRegion.extent = { width, height, 1 };
vkCmdCopyImage(drawCmdBuffers[i], storageImage.image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, swapChain.images[i], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, ©Region);
// Transition swap chain image back for presentation
vks::tools::setImageLayout(
drawCmdBuffers[i],
swapChain.images[i],
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
subresourceRange);
// Transition ray tracing output image back to general layout
vks::tools::setImageLayout(
drawCmdBuffers[i],
storageImage.image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
subresourceRange);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
}
}
二、使用步骤
1.closesthit.rchit
代码如下（示例）：
#version 460
#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
layout(location = 0) rayPayloadInEXT vec3 hitValue;
hitAttributeEXT vec2 attribs;
void main()
{
const vec3 barycentricCoords = vec3(1.0f - attribs.x - attribs.y, attribs.x, attribs.y);
hitValue = barycentricCoords;
}
2.miss.rmiss
代码如下（示例）：
#version 460
#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
layout(location = 0) rayPayloadInEXT vec3 hitValue;
void main()
{
hitValue = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.2);
}
3.raygen.rgen
代码如下（示例）：
#version 460
#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
layout(binding = 0, set = 0) uniform accelerationStructureEXT topLevelAS;
layout(binding = 1, set = 0, rgba8) uniform image2D image;
layout(binding = 2, set = 0) uniform CameraProperties
{
mat4 viewInverse;
mat4 projInverse;
} cam;
layout(location = 0) rayPayloadEXT vec3 hitValue;
void main()
{
const vec2 pixelCenter = vec2(gl_LaunchIDEXT.xy) + vec2(0.5);
const vec2 inUV = pixelCenter/vec2(gl_LaunchSizeEXT.xy);
vec2 d = inUV * 2.0 - 1.0;
vec4 origin = cam.viewInverse * vec4(0,0,0,1);
vec4 target = cam.projInverse * vec4(d.x, d.y, 1, 1) ;
vec4 direction = cam.viewInverse*vec4(normalize(target.xyz), 0) ;
float tmin = 0.001;
float tmax = 10000.0;
hitValue = vec3(0.0);
traceRayEXT(topLevelAS, gl_RayFlagsOpaqueEXT, 0xff, 0, 0, 0, origin.xyz, tmin, direction.xyz, tmax, 0);
imageStore(image, ivec2(gl_LaunchIDEXT.xy), vec4(hitValue, 0.0));
}
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