MessageQueue原理分析(1)

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-14 16:33:39 发布

just2learn

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-14 16:33:39 发布

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分类专栏： android framework

原文链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/f00c3fa9e6c0

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每次使用Handler发送一个Message的时候，最终会先调用MessageQueue的enqueueMessage方法将Message方法放入到MessageQueue里面，最后会调用Handler的mQueue的enqueueMessage方法。

MessageQueue类内部实现了两个Interface，一个静态内部类。

接口IdleHandler在消息队列没有消息时使用，处理poll状态时的动作
接口OnFileDescriptorEventListener在相应的文件状态改变（可读，可写，有错误）时被使用
静态内部类FileDescriptorRecord，记录相应文件状态改变时的监视器OnFileDescriptorEventListener，在被native方法调用的dispatchEvents方法里被调用，执行监视器

在android中，Handler负责发送message到messageQueue，Handler包括looper，looper中创建的MessageQueue。Looper在新的线程中需要先prepare，然后启动loop循环，loop循环就是不断的从messageQueue中取出待处理message。
首先 enqueueMessage

    boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
        if (msg.target == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
        }
        if (msg.isInUse()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            if (mQuitting) {
                IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
                        msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
                Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                msg.recycle();
                return false;
            }

            msg.markInUse();
            msg.when = when;
            Message p = mMessages;
            boolean needWake;
            if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
                // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
                msg.next = p;
                mMessages = msg;
                needWake = mBlocked;
            } else {
                // Inserted within the middle of the queue.  Usually we don't have to wake
                // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
                // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
                needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
                Message prev;
                for (;;) {
                    prev = p;
                    p = p.next;
                    if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                        needWake = false;
                    }
                }
                msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
                prev.next = msg;
            }

            // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
            if (needWake) {
                nativeWake(mPtr);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

整个enqueueMessage方法的过程就是先持有MessageQueue.this锁，然后将Message放入队列中，放入队列的过程是：

如果队列为空，或者当前处理的时间点为0（when的数值，when表示Message将要执行的时间点），或者当前Message需要处理的时间点先于队列中的首节点，那么就将Message放入队列首部，否则进行第2步。
遍历队列中Message，找到when比当前Message的when大的Message，将Message插入到该Message之前，如果没找到则将Message插入到队列最后。
判断是否需要唤醒，一般是当前队列为空的情况下，next那边会进入睡眠，需要enqueue这边唤醒next函数。后面会详细介绍

接下来是取出message的方法 next

    Message next() {
        // Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
        // This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
        // which is not supported.
        final long ptr = mPtr;
        if (ptr == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
        int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
        for (;;) {
            if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
            }

            nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);

            synchronized (this) {
                // Try to retrieve the next message.  Return if found.
                final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                Message prevMsg = null;
                Message msg = mMessages;
                if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
                    // Stalled by a barrier.  Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
                    do {
                        prevMsg = msg;
                        msg = msg.next;
                    } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
                }
                if (msg != null) {
                    if (now < msg.when) {
                        // Next message is not ready.  Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
                        nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                    } else {
                        // Got a message.
                        mBlocked = false;
                        if (prevMsg != null) {
                            prevMsg.next = msg.next;
                        } else {
                            mMessages = msg.next;
                        }
                        msg.next = null;
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
                        msg.markInUse();
                        return msg;
                    }
                } else {
                    // No more messages.
                    nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
                }

                // Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
                if (mQuitting) {
                    dispose();
                    return null;
                }

                // If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
                // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
                // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
                        && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
                    pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
                }
                if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
                    // No idle handlers to run.  Loop and wait some more.
                    mBlocked = true;
                    continue;
                }

                if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
                    mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
                }
                mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
            }

            // Run the idle handlers.
            // We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
            for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
                final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
                mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler

                boolean keep = false;
                try {
                    keep = idler.queueIdle();
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
                }

                if (!keep) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
            pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;

            // While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
            // so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
            nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
        }
    }

整个next函数的主要是执行步骤是:

step1: 初始化操作，如果mPtr为null，则直接返回null，设置nextPollTimeoutMillis为0，进入下一步。
step2: 调用nativePollOnce, nativePollOnce有两个参数,第一个为mPtr表示native层MessageQueue的指针，nextPollTimeoutMillis表示超时返回时间，调用这个nativePollOnce会等待wake，如果超过nextPollTimeoutMillis时间，则不管有没有被唤醒都会返回。-1表示一直等待，0表示立刻返回。
step3: 获取队列的头Message(msg)，如果头Message的target为null，则查找一个异步Message来进行下一步处理。当队列中添加了同步Barrier的时候target会为null。
step4: 判断上一步获取的msg是否为null，为null说明当前队列中没有msg，设置等待时间nextPollTimeoutMillis为-1。实际上是等待enqueueMessage的nativeWake来唤醒，执行step4。如果非null，则下一步
step5: 判断msg的执行时间(when)是否比当前时间(now)的大，如果小，则将msg从队列中移除，并且返回msg，结束。如果大则设置等待时间nextPollTimeoutMillis为(int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE)，执行时间与当前时间的差与MAX_VALUE的较小值。执行下一步
step6: 判断是否MessageQueue是否已经取消，如果取消的话则返回null，否则下一步
step7: 运行idle Handle，idle表示当前有空闲时间的时候执行，而运行到这一步的时候，表示消息队列处理已经是出于空闲时间了（队列中没有Message，或者头部Message的执行时间(when)在当前时间之后）。如果没有idle，则继续step2，如果有则执行idleHandler的queueIdle方法，我们可以自己添加IdleHandler到MessageQueue里面（addIdleHandler方法），执行完后，回到step2。

native方法

// 定义在 frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_MessageQueue.cpp 中，在构造函数中被调用，
// 它创建了一个native层的Looper。Looper的源码在system/core/libutils/Looper.cpp。
// Looper通过epoll_create创建了一个mEpollFd作为epoll的fd，并且创建了一个mWakeEventFd，
// 用来监听java层的wake，同时可以通过Looper的addFd方法来添加新的fd监听。
private native static long nativeInit();

private native static void nativeDestroy(long ptr);

// 这个方法的native层方法最终会调用Looper的pollOnce，具体实现在下面给出
private native void nativePollOnce(long ptr, int timeoutMillis); /*non-static for callbacks*/

// 调用的是Looper.cpp中的wake方法
private native static void nativeWake(long ptr);

private native static boolean nativeIsPolling(long ptr);

private native static void nativeSetFileDescriptorEvents(long ptr, int fd, int events);

int Looper::pollOnce(int timeoutMillis, int* outFd, int* outEvents, void** outData) {
   int result = 0;
   for (;;) {
       while (mResponseIndex < mResponses.size()) {
           const Response& response = mResponses.itemAt(mResponseIndex++);
           int ident = response.request.ident;
           if (ident >= 0) {
               int fd = response.request.fd;
               int events = response.events;
               void* data = response.request.data;
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
               ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - returning signalled identifier %d: "
                       "fd=%d, events=0x%x, data=%p",
                       this, ident, fd, events, data);
#endif
               if (outFd != NULL) *outFd = fd;
               if (outEvents != NULL) *outEvents = events;
               if (outData != NULL) *outData = data;
               return ident;
           }
       }

       if (result != 0) {
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
           ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - returning result %d", this, result);
#endif
           if (outFd != NULL) *outFd = 0;
           if (outEvents != NULL) *outEvents = 0;
           if (outData != NULL) *outData = NULL;
           return result;
       }

       result = pollInner(timeoutMillis);
   }
}

int Looper::pollInner(int timeoutMillis) {
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
   ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - waiting: timeoutMillis=%d", this, timeoutMillis);
#endif

   // Adjust the timeout based on when the next message is due.
   if (timeoutMillis != 0 && mNextMessageUptime != LLONG_MAX) {
       nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
       int messageTimeoutMillis = toMillisecondTimeoutDelay(now, mNextMessageUptime);
       if (messageTimeoutMillis >= 0
               && (timeoutMillis < 0 || messageTimeoutMillis < timeoutMillis)) {
           timeoutMillis = messageTimeoutMillis;
       }
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
       ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - next message in %" PRId64 "ns, adjusted timeout: timeoutMillis=%d",
               this, mNextMessageUptime - now, timeoutMillis);
#endif
   }

   // Poll.
   int result = POLL_WAKE;
   mResponses.clear();
   mResponseIndex = 0;

   // We are about to idle.
   mPolling = true;

   struct epoll_event eventItems[EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS];
   int eventCount = epoll_wait(mEpollFd, eventItems, EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS, timeoutMillis);

   // No longer idling.
   mPolling = false;

   // Acquire lock.
   mLock.lock();

   // Rebuild epoll set if needed.
   if (mEpollRebuildRequired) {
       mEpollRebuildRequired = false;
       rebuildEpollLocked();
       goto Done;
   }

   // Check for poll error.
   if (eventCount < 0) {
       if (errno == EINTR) {
           goto Done;
       }
       ALOGW("Poll failed with an unexpected error, errno=%d", errno);
       result = POLL_ERROR;
       goto Done;
   }

   // Check for poll timeout.
   if (eventCount == 0) {
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
       ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - timeout", this);
#endif
       result = POLL_TIMEOUT;
       goto Done;
   }

   // Handle all events.
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
   ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - handling events from %d fds", this, eventCount);
#endif

   for (int i = 0; i < eventCount; i++) {
       int fd = eventItems[i].data.fd;
       uint32_t epollEvents = eventItems[i].events;
       if (fd == mWakeEventFd) {
           if (epollEvents & EPOLLIN) {
               awoken();
           } else {
               ALOGW("Ignoring unexpected epoll events 0x%x on wake event fd.", epollEvents);
           }
       } else {
           ssize_t requestIndex = mRequests.indexOfKey(fd);
           if (requestIndex >= 0) {
               int events = 0;
               if (epollEvents & EPOLLIN) events |= EVENT_INPUT;
               if (epollEvents & EPOLLOUT) events |= EVENT_OUTPUT;
               if (epollEvents & EPOLLERR) events |= EVENT_ERROR;
               if (epollEvents & EPOLLHUP) events |= EVENT_HANGUP;
               pushResponse(events, mRequests.valueAt(requestIndex));
           } else {
               ALOGW("Ignoring unexpected epoll events 0x%x on fd %d that is "
                       "no longer registered.", epollEvents, fd);
           }
       }
   }
Done: ;

   // Invoke pending message callbacks.
   mNextMessageUptime = LLONG_MAX;
   while (mMessageEnvelopes.size() != 0) {
       nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
       const MessageEnvelope& messageEnvelope = mMessageEnvelopes.itemAt(0);
       if (messageEnvelope.uptime <= now) {
           // Remove the envelope from the list.
           // We keep a strong reference to the handler until the call to handleMessage
           // finishes.  Then we drop it so that the handler can be deleted *before*
           // we reacquire our lock.
           { // obtain handler
               sp<MessageHandler> handler = messageEnvelope.handler;
               Message message = messageEnvelope.message;
               mMessageEnvelopes.removeAt(0);
               mSendingMessage = true;
               mLock.unlock();

#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE || DEBUG_CALLBACKS
               ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - sending message: handler=%p, what=%d",
                       this, handler.get(), message.what);
#endif
               handler->handleMessage(message);
           } // release handler

           mLock.lock();
           mSendingMessage = false;
           result = POLL_CALLBACK;
       } else {
           // The last message left at the head of the queue determines the next wakeup time.
           mNextMessageUptime = messageEnvelope.uptime;
           break;
       }
   }

   // Release lock.
   mLock.unlock();

   // Invoke all response callbacks.
   for (size_t i = 0; i < mResponses.size(); i++) {
       Response& response = mResponses.editItemAt(i);
       if (response.request.ident == POLL_CALLBACK) {
           int fd = response.request.fd;
           int events = response.events;
           void* data = response.request.data;
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE || DEBUG_CALLBACKS
           ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - invoking fd event callback %p: fd=%d, events=0x%x, data=%p",
                   this, response.request.callback.get(), fd, events, data);
#endif
           // Invoke the callback.  Note that the file descriptor may be closed by
           // the callback (and potentially even reused) before the function returns so
           // we need to be a little careful when removing the file descriptor afterwards.
           int callbackResult = response.request.callback->handleEvent(fd, events, data);
           if (callbackResult == 0) {
               removeFd(fd, response.request.seq);
           }

           // Clear the callback reference in the response structure promptly because we
           // will not clear the response vector itself until the next poll.
           response.request.callback.clear();
           result = POLL_CALLBACK;
       }
   }
   return result;
}

这是一个很大的方法，具体过程如下：

调用epoll_wait方法等待所监听的fd的写入，可参考epoll
如果epoll_wait返回了，那么可能是出错返回，可能是超时返回，可能是有事件返回，如果是前两种情况跳转到Done处。
否则，会判断事件是否是mWakeEventFd（唤醒的时候写入的文件）做不同处理。如果是，则调用awoken方法，读取Looper.wake写入的内容，否则通过pushResponse读取，并将内容放入 Response中
处理NativeMessageQueue的消息，这些消息是native层的消息
处理pushResponse写入的内容。

SyncBarrier 同步消息屏障

当消息队列的第一个Message的target的时候，表示它是一个SyncBarrier，它会阻拦同步消息，而选择队列中第一个异步消息处理，如果没有则会阻塞。表示第一个Message是SyncBarrier的时候，会只处理异步消息，这时异步消息优先被处理，保证了用户体验，是在scheduleTraversal方法中被设置的

    void scheduleTraversals() {
        if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
            mTraversalScheduled = true;
            mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
            mChoreographer.postCallback(
                    Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
            if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
                scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
            }
            notifyRendererOfFramePending();
            pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
        }
    }

 //Choreographer.postCallback会调用该方法
 private void postCallbackDelayedInternal(int callbackType,
         Object action, Object token, long delayMillis) {
             ... 
             Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_DO_SCHEDULE_CALLBACK, action);
             msg.arg1 = callbackType;
             msg.setAsynchronous(true);//设置为异步，不被屏障影响
             mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, dueTime);
             ...
 }

同时我们看到在 doTraversal中会removeSyncBarrier，doTraversal 会调用performTraversals，也就是measure、layout、draw，而doTraversal是在 TraversalRunnable 中被调用的。

因此可以得出结论，当系统开始绘制ViewTree时将会向UI线程的消息队列中插入同步屏障以阻塞有关UI消息的执行
mChoreagrapher.postCallback 方式实际上调用的仍然是Handler.sendMessageAtTime, 只不过其带有的 mTraversalRunnable 的Message被设置了setAsynchronous异步消息，同步屏障不会影响其执行。也就是说ViewRootImpl 通过Handler机制中的同步屏障保证View绘制优先执行