Python(Functional abstraction)

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-28 10:39:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-28 10:39:28 发布

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分类专栏： Python（conclusion for python course）文章标签： Python

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Library is a generic term for a collection of (useful) functions, data structures, etc.
In python, libraries are called modules.
Importing a module, eg:

import math
import robot

Imported names are prefixed with the module name, as in math.pi, robot.lift up, etc.
How does python find modules?
- Standard modules (e.g., math) are installed in a specific location on the file system.
- Non-standard modules (e.g., robot) must be in the current working directory (cwd).

In programming, a function (also known as “procedure” or “subroutine”) is a piece of the program that is given a name.
- The function is called by its name.
- A function is defined once, but can be called any number of times.
Why use functions?
- Abstraction: To use a function, we only need to know what it does, not how.
- Break a complex problem into smaller parts.

def move_to_next_stack():
    robot.drive_right()
    robot.drive_right()

def is a python keyword (“reserved word”).
The function’s name is followed by a pair of parentheses and a colon.
- Inside the parentheses are the function’s parameters (more on this in coming lectures).
The function suite is the sequence of statements that will be executed when the function is called.
In python, a suite is delimited by indentation.
- All statements in the suite must be preceded by the same number of spaces/tabs(standard is 4 spaces).

The syntax of a (programming) language is the rules that define what is a valid program.
A python program is a sequence of statements:
- defining a function:

def move_to_next_stack():
    robot.drive_right()
    robot.drive_right()

- calling a function:

move twice()
robot.lift_up()

- importing a module:

import math

Spaces, tabs and end-of-line are known as whitespace.
The whitespace before a statement is called indentation.
In python, whitespace has two special roles:
- end-of-line marks the end of a statement(some exceptions, more later in the course);
- indentation defines the extent of a suite of statements.
Other than this, whitespace is ignored.

A function name in python may contain letters, numbers and underscores ( ), but must begin with a letter or undescore.
Reserved words cannot be used as names.
Names are case sensitive: upper and lower case letters are not the same.

A hash sign (#) marks the beginning of a comment; it continues to end-of-line.
Comments are ignored by the interpreter.
- Comments are for people.
- Use comments to state what is not obvious.
If it was hard to write, it’s probably hard to read. Add a comment. (Punch & Enbody, Rule 6)

How do we know our program works?
- Specify the assumptions under which the program (or function) is meant to work.
- Test it with a variety of cases that fall under those assumptions.
- Particularly, “edge cases”.
Some common errors:
- SyntaxError:
You have broken the rules of python syntax.
- NameError or AttributeError:
You have used a (function) name that doesn’t exist. Check for typos.
- IndentationError:
Too much or too little indentation.
* - All statements in a function suite must have the same indentation.
* - All statements outside function definitions must have no indentation.