23种设计模式自我探索之建造者模式

23种设计模式自我探索

建造者模式

建造者模式，使用多个简单的对象一步一步构建成一个复杂的对象
本次探索示例模拟美团、肯德基下单点餐打印订单信息

众所周知，咱们到麦当劳和肯德基点餐，最终目的是为了获取到对应食物
本例中食物Meal作为最终输出对象
食物包含名字，包装，金额等信息，不同种类的食物（蔬菜和肉类）继承食物种类（吃的和喝的），而吃的和喝的实现总接口Item
通过继承和实现，最终每个食物都属于Item，输出Item列表，即展示了食物列表
闲话少说，直接上代码

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder;

public interface Item {

    public String name();

    public Packing packing();

    public float price();

}

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder;

public interface Packing {

    public String pack();
}

吃的和喝的进行包装时，分别可以通过包装盒和瓶子（杯子也行）进行包装，这时候只需要通过两个Packing的实现类进行包装方式的区分即可

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.packing;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Packing;

public class Bottle implements Packing {
    @Override
    public String pack() {
        return "Bottle";
    }
}

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.packing;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Packing;

public class Wrapper implements Packing {
    @Override
    public String pack() {
        return "Wrapper";
    }
}

吃的和喝的都属于Item，作为商品都应该具有name，packing和price等属性，所以需要实现Item接口

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods.type;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Item;
import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Packing;
import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.packing.Wrapper;

public abstract class Burger implements Item {
    @Override
    public Packing packing() {
        return new Wrapper();
    }

    @Override
    public abstract float price();
}

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods.type;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.packing.Bottle;
import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Item;
import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Packing;

public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {
    @Override
    public Packing packing() {
        return new Bottle();
    }

    @Override
    public abstract float price();
}

而吃的和喝的可以细分具体的食物和饮料，这里以炸鸡🐔、汉堡🍔、橙汁🍊和可乐作为示例

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods.type.Burger;

public class FriedChicken extends Burger {
    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Fried Chicken";
    }

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 30.0f;
    }
}

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods.type.Burger;

public class Hamburger extends Burger {
    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Hamburger";
    }

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 15.0f;
    }
}

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods.type.ColdDrink;

public class Orange extends ColdDrink {
    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Orange";
    }

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 3.0f;
    }
}

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods.type.ColdDrink;

public class Coke extends ColdDrink {
    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Coke";
    }

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 20.0f;
    }
}

准备工作做完之后，开始构造最终输出对象Meal，需要包含价格和相关食物条目信息

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.meals;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Item;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Meal {

    private List<Item> itemList = new ArrayList<>();

    public void addItem(Item item) {
        itemList.add(item);
    }

    public float getCost() {
        float cost = 0.0f;
        for (Item item : itemList) {
            cost += item.price();
        }
        return cost;
    }

    public void showItems() {
        for (Item item : itemList) {
            System.out.print("Item : " + item.name());
            System.out.print(", Packing : " + item.packing().pack());
            System.out.println(", Price : " + item.price());
        }
    }
}

开始造食物

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.meals;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.Item;

public class MealBuilderWithParam {

    public Meal prepareVegMeal(Item... item) {
        Meal meal = new Meal();
        for (int i = 0; i < item.length; i++) {
            meal.addItem(item[i]);
        }
        return meal;
    }

    public Meal prepareNonVegMeal(Item... item) {
        Meal meal = new Meal();
        for (int i = 0; i < item.length; i++) {
            meal.addItem(item[i]);
        }
        return meal;
    }
}

测试代码，打印订单信息

package com.ttjb.demo.model.builder;

import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.goods.*;
import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.meals.Meal;
import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.meals.MealBuilder;
import com.ttjb.demo.model.builder.meals.MealBuilderWithParam;

/**
 * 建造者模式
 * 使用多个简单的对象一步一步构建成一个复杂的对象
 * 食物Meal作为最终输出对象
 * 食物包含名字，包装，金额，不同种类的食物（蔬菜和肉类）继承食物种类（吃的和喝的），而吃的和喝的实现总接口Item
 * 通过继承和实现，最终每个食物都属于Item，输出Item列表，即展示了食物列表
 */
public class TestBuilderModelWithParam {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MealBuilderWithParam mealBuilder = new MealBuilderWithParam();
        System.out.println("=========================================");

        Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal(new Orange(), new Hamburger(), new Coke());
        System.out.println("Veg Meal");
        vegMeal.showItems();
        System.out.println("Total Cost: " + vegMeal.getCost());

        System.out.println("=========================================");
        Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal(new FriedChicken(), new Coke());
        System.out.println("Non-Veg Meal");
        nonVegMeal.showItems();
        System.out.println("Total Cost: " + nonVegMeal.getCost());
        
        System.out.println("=========================================");
        Meal drink = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal(new Coke());
        System.out.println("Drink Meal");
        drink.showItems();
        System.out.println("Total Cost: " + drink.getCost());
    }
}

输出结果

=========================================
Veg Meal
Item : Orange, Packing : Bottle, Price : 3.0
Item : Hamburger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 15.0
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 20.0
Total Cost: 38.0
=========================================
Non-Veg Meal
Item : Fried Chicken, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 30.0
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 20.0
Total Cost: 50.0
=========================================
Drink Meal
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 20.0
Total Cost: 20.0

参考文献：https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/builder-pattern.html
虽然说也是从其他博客上学习的，但是加入了自己的理解，仅以此文铭记，供大大们参考