C++面向对象语言程序设计期末实验

1、问题描述

某公司需要存储雇员的编号、姓名、性别、所在部门，级别，并进行工资的计算。其中，雇员分为经理、技术人员、销售人员和销售经理。
设计一程序能够对公司人员进行管理，应用到继承、抽象类、虚函数、虚基类、多态和文件的输入/输出等内容。

2、功能要求

（1）添加功能：程序能够任意添加上述四类人员的记录，可提供选择界面供用户选择所要添加的人员类别，要求员工的编号要唯一，如果添加了重复编号的记录时，则提示数据添加重复并取消添加。
（2）查询功能：可根据编号、姓名等信息对已添加的记录进行查询，如果未找到，给出相应的提示信息，如果找到，则显示相应的记录信息；
（3）显示功能：可显示当前系统中所有记录，每条记录占据一行。
（4）编辑功能：可根据查询结果对相应的记录进行修改，修改时注意编号的唯一性。
（5）删除功能：主要实现对已添加的人员记录进行删除。如果当前系统中没有相应的人员记录，则提示“记录为空！”并返回操作；否则，输入要删除的人员的编号或姓名，根据所输入的信息删除该人员记录，如果没有找到该人员信息，则提示相应的记录不存。
（6）统计功能：能根据多种参数进行人员的统计。例如，统计四类人员数量以及总数，
或者统计男、女员工的数量等信息。
（7）保存功能：可将当前系统中各类人员记录存入文件中，存入方式任意。
（8）读取功能：可将保存在文件中的人员信息读入到当前系统中，供用户进行使用。

3、问题的解决方案

根据系统功能要求，可以将问题解决分为以下步骤：
（1）应用系统分析，建立该系统的功能模块框图以及界面的组织和设计；
（2）分析系统中的各个实体及它们之间的关系；
（3）根据问题描述，设计系统的类层次；
（4）完成类层次中各个类的描述；
（5）完成类中各个成员函数的定义；
（6）完成系统的应用模块；
（7）功能调试；
（8）完成系统总结报告。

4、程序功能介绍

5、程序源代码

//***************
//**  1.cpp  **
//***************
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <cstdio>
#include "1.h"
using namespace std;

System::System()    //初始化：数据归零
{
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        pCompany[i] = 0;
    }
}

void System:: PushTechnician()  //添加技术人员
{
    int n;
    for(n = 0; pCompany[n] != 0&&n < 30; n ++);
    Loop:
    pCompany[n] = new Technician;
    pCompany[n]->Add();  //查看添加数据的ID是否重复
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(i != n&&pCompany[i] != 0&&pCompany[i]->id == pCompany[n]->id)
        {
            cout<<"The ID has been recorded, please try again."<<endl<<endl;
            delete pCompany[n];
            goto Loop;
        }
    }
}

void System:: PushManager()    //添加经理
{
    int n;
    for(n = 0; pCompany[n] != 0&&n < 30; n ++);
    Loop:
    pCompany[n] = new	Manager;
    pCompany[n]->Add();  //查看添加数据的ID是否重复
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(i != n&&pCompany[i] != 0&&pCompany[i]->id == pCompany[n]->id)
        {
            cout<<"The ID has been recorded, please try again."<<endl<<endl;
            delete pCompany[n];
            goto Loop;
        }
    }
}

void System:: PushSaleman()   //添加销售人员
{
    int n;
    for(n = 0; pCompany[n] != 0&&n < 30; n ++);
    Loop:
    pCompany[n] = new Saleman;
    pCompany[n]->Add();  //查看添加数据的ID是否重复
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(i != n&&pCompany[i] != 0&&pCompany[i]->id == pCompany[n]->id)
        {
            cout<<"The ID has been recorded, please try again."<<endl<<endl;
            delete pCompany[n];
            goto Loop;
        }
    }
}

void System:: PushSalemanager()   //添加销售经理
{
    int n;
    for(n = 0; pCompany[n] != 0&&n < 30; n ++);
    Loop:
    pCompany[n] = new Salemanager;
    pCompany[n]->Add();  //查看添加数据的ID是否重复
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(i != n&&pCompany[i] != 0&&pCompany[i]->id == pCompany[n]->id)
        {
            cout<<"The ID has been recorded, please try again."<<endl<<endl;
            delete pCompany[n];
            goto Loop;
        }
    }
}

//    通过ID查
int System::QueryById()
{
    string id;
    cout<<"please input the ID: ";
    cin>>id;
    cout<<endl;
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] != 0&&id == pCompany[i]->id)
            break;
    }
    if(i < 30)
    {
        pCompany[i]->showInform();
        cout<<endl;
        EditMenu:  //可以查询到，前往编辑功能
        cout<<"Do you want to edit about it?(Y/N)"<<endl;
        cout<<"1.Yes"<<endl;
        cout<<"2.No"<<endl;
        int select;
        cout<<"your choice: ";
        cin>>select;
        cout<<endl;
        switch(select)
        {
        case 1:
            Edit(i);
            return 0;
            break;
        case 2:
            break;
        default:
            cout<<"error!!!"<<endl<<endl;
            goto EditMenu;
        }
        DeleteMenu:
        cout<<"Do you want to delete it?(Y/N)"<<endl;
        cout<<"1.Yes"<<endl;
        cout<<"2.No"<<endl;
        int judge;
        cout<<"your choice: ";
        cin>>judge;
        cout<<endl;
        switch(judge)
        {
        case 1:
            Delete(i);
            break;
        case 2:
            break;
        default:
            cout<<"error!!!"<<endl<<endl;
            goto DeleteMenu;
        }
    }
    else
        cout<<"Please retry the ID."<<endl<<endl;
    return 0;
}

//    通过名字查
int System::QueryByName()
{
    string name;
    cout<<"please input the name: ";
    cin>>name;
    cout<<endl;
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] != 0&&name == pCompany[i]->name)
            break;
    }
    if(i < 30)
    {
        pCompany[i]->showInform();
        cout<<endl;
    //    在能够查询到的情况下进行编辑功能
        EditMenu:
        cout<<"Do you want to edit about it?(Y/N)"<<endl;
        cout<<"1.Yes"<<endl;
        cout<<"2.No"<<endl;
        int select;
        cout<<"your choice: ";
        cin>>select;
        cout<<endl;
        switch(select)
        {
        case 1:
            Edit(i);
            break;
        case 2:
            break;
        case 3:
            cout<<"error!!!"<<endl<<endl;
            goto EditMenu;
        }
        DeleteMenu:
        cout<<"Do you want to delete it?(Y/N)"<<endl;
        cout<<"1.Yes"<<endl;
        cout<<"2.No"<<endl;
        int judge;
        cout<<"your choice: ";
        cin>>judge;
        cout<<endl;
        switch(judge)
        {
        case 1:
            Delete(i);
            break;
        case 2:
            break;
        default:
            cout<<"error!!!"<<endl<<endl;
            goto DeleteMenu;
        }
    }
    else
        cout<<"Please retry the name."<<endl<<endl;
    return 0;
}

//    简单显示全部信息功能
void System::Display()
{
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] != 0)
            pCompany[i]->showInform();
    }
}

//    编辑功能
void System::Edit(int n)
{
    Company* editor;
//    判断是哪种职员
    if(pCompany[n]->Type() == 1)
    {
        editor = new Technician;
    }
    if(pCompany[n]->Type() == 2)
    {
        editor = new Manager;
    }
    if(pCompany[n]->Type() == 3)
    {
        editor = new Saleman;
    }
	if(pCompany[n]->Type() == 0)
    {
        editor = new Salemanager;
    }
    editor->Add();
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] != 0&&editor->id == pCompany[i]->id)
        {
            cout<<"Please try again."<<endl<<endl;
            delete editor;
            goto End;
        }
    }
    delete pCompany[n];
    pCompany[n] = editor;
    End:;
}

//  删除功能
void System::Delete(int n)
{
    delete pCompany[n];
    pCompany[n] = 0;
}

//    统计系统现有职员总数
void System::TotalNum()
{
    int n = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] != 0)
            n ++;
    }
    cout<<"the total number of the offices: "<<n<<endl<<endl;
}

//    统计系统中男女职员人数
void System::StatGender()
{
    int man = 0, woman = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] == 0)
            continue;
        else if(pCompany[i]->gender == 77)  //  “M”的ASC码是77
            man ++;
        else if(pCompany[i]->gender == 70)  //  “F”的ASC码是70
            woman ++;
    }
    cout<<"the number of men: "<<man<<endl;
    cout<<"the number of women: "<<woman<<endl<<endl;
}

//    统计各个级别的职员人数
void System::StatLevel()
{
	int technician = 0，manager = 0, saleman = 0, salemanager = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] == 0)
            continue;
        else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 1)
            technician ++;
        else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 2)
            manager ++;
		else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 3)
            saleman ++;
		else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 3)
            salemanager ++;
    }
    cout<<"the number of Technicians: "<<technician<<endl;
    cout<<"the number of Managers: "<<manager<<endl;
	cout<<"the number of Salemans: "<<saleman<<endl;
    cout<<"the number of Salemanagers: "<<salemanager<<endl<<endl;
}

//    将文件里的数据写入到系统中
int System::FileIn()
{
    ifstream technicianin("technician.txt",ios::binary);
    ifstream managerin("manager.txt",ios::binary);
    ifstream salemanin("saleman.txt",ios::binary);
	ifstream salemanagerin("salemanager.txt",ios::binary);
    if( (!technicianin) || (!managerin) || (!salemanin) || (!salemanagerin))
    {
        cout<<"The loading file process is error. There are no information."<<endl<<endl;
        return 0;
    }
    Technician technician_temp;
    Managerin managerin_temp;
    College_Student college_temp;
    int i = 0;
    while(technicianin.peek() != EOF)
    {
        technicianin.read((char*)&technician_temp, sizeof(Technician));
        pStudent[i] = &technician_temp;
        i ++;
    }
    while(managerin.peek() != EOF)
    {
        managerin.read((char*)&manager_temp, sizeof(Manager));
        pCompany[i] = &manager_temp;
        i ++;
    }
	while(salemanin.peek() != EOF)
    {
        salemanin.read((char*)&saleman_temp, sizeof(Salemanin));
        pCompany[i] = &saleman_temp;
        i ++;
    }
	while(salemanagerin.peek() != EOF)
    {
        salemanagerin.read((char*)&salemanager_temp, sizeof(Salemanagerin));
        pCompany[i] = &salemanager_temp;
        i ++;
    }
    technicianin.close();
    managerin.close();
    salemanin.close();
	salemanagerin.close();
    return 0;
}

//    将系统中的数据保存到文件中
int System::Save()
{
    remove("technician.txt");
    remove("manager.txt");
    remove("saleman.txt");
	remove("salemanager.txt");
    ofstream technicianout("technician.txt",ios::binary);
    ofstream middleout("middle.txt",ios::binary);
    ofstream collegeout("saleman.txt",ios::binary);
	ofstream collegeout("salemanager.txt",ios::binary);
    if( (!technicianout) || (!managerout) || (!salemanout)  || (!salemanager))
    {
        cout<<"error!!!"<<endl<<endl;
        return 0;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < 30; i ++)
    {
        if(pCompany[i] == 0)
            continue;
        else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 1)
        {
            technicianout.write((char*)pCompany[i], sizeof(Technician));
        }
        else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 2)
        {
            managerout.write((char*)pCompany[i], sizeof(Manager);
        }
        else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 3)
        {
            salemanout.write((char*)pCompany[i], sizeof(Saleman));
        }
		else if(pCompany[i]->Type() == 0)
        {
            salemanagerout.write((char*)pCompany[i], sizeof(Salemanager));
        }
    }
    technicianout.close();
    managerout.close();
    salemanout.close();
	salemanagerout.close();
    cout<<"The information has been saved."<<endl<<endl;
    return 0;
}

//    技术人员成员函数定义
void Technician::Add()
{
    cout<<"the office's ID: ";
    cin>>id;
    cout<<"the office's name: ";
    cin>>name;
    cout<<"the gender(M/F): ";
    cin>>gender;
    cout<<"which sector: ";
    cin>>sector;
    cout<<"the rank: ";
    cin>>rank;
    cout<<"wages: ";
    cin>>wages;
    cout<<"The information has been recorded!"<<endl<<endl;
}

void Technician::showInform()
{
    cout<<"ID: "<<id<<"   "<<"name: "<<name<<"   ";
    cout<<"gender: "<<gender<<"   "<<"sector: "<<sector<<"   ";
    cout<<"Rank: "<<rank<<"   "<<"wages: "<<wages<<"   "<<endl;
}

//    经理成员函数的定义
void Manager::Add()
{
    cout<<"the office's ID: ";
    cin>>id;
    cout<<"the office's name: ";
    cin>>name;
    cout<<"the gender(M/F): ";
    cin>>gender;
    cout<<"which sector: ";
    cin>>sector;
    cout<<"the rank: ";
    cin>>rank;
    cout<<"wages: ";
    cin>>wages;
    cout<<"The information has been recorded!"<<endl<<endl;
}

void Manager::showInform()
{
    cout<<"ID: "<<id<<"   "<<"name: "<<name<<"   ";
    cout<<"gender: "<<gender<<"   "<<"sector: "<<sector<<"   ";
    cout<<"Rank: "<<rank<<"   "<<"wages: "<<wages<<"   "<<endl;
}

//    销售人员成员函数定义
void Saleman::Add()
{
    cout<<"the office's ID: ";
    cin>>id;
    cout<<"the office's name: ";
    cin>>name;
    cout<<"the gender(M/F): ";
    cin>>gender;
    cout<<"which sector: ";
    cin>>sector;
    cout<<"the rank: ";
    cin>>rank;
    cout<<"wages: ";
    cin>>wages;
    cout<<"The information has been recorded!"<<endl<<endl;
}

void Saleman::showInform()
{
    cout<<"ID: "<<id<<"   "<<"name: "<<name<<"   ";
    cout<<"gender: "<<gender<<"   "<<"sector: "<<sector<<"   ";
    cout<<"Rank: "<<rank<<"   "<<"wages: "<<wages<<"   "<<endl;
}

//    销售经理成员函数定义
void Salemanager::Add()
{
    cout<<"the office's ID: ";
    cin>>id;
    cout<<"the office's name: ";
    cin>>name;
    cout<<"the gender(M/F): ";
    cin>>gender;
    cout<<"which sector: ";
    cin>>sector;
    cout<<"the rank: ";
    cin>>rank;
    cout<<"wages: ";
    cin>>wages;
    cout<<"The information has been recorded!"<<endl<<endl;
}

void Salemanager::showInform()
{
    cout<<"ID: "<<id<<"   "<<"name: "<<name<<"   ";
    cout<<"gender: "<<gender<<"   "<<"sector: "<<sector<<"   ";
    cout<<"Rank: "<<rank<<"   "<<"wages: "<<wages<<"   "<<endl;
}


//***************
//**  2.cpp  **
//***************
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "1.cpp"

using namespace std;

//UI用户界面
{
	cout<<"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"<<endl;
	cout<<"~~     企业员工工资管理系统      ~~"<<endl;
	cout<<"~~     *******主菜单*******      ~~"<<endl;
    cout<<"~~    1.添加员工信息             ~~"<<endl;
    cout<<"~~    2.删除员工信息             ~~"<<endl;
	cout<<"~~    3.修改员工信息             ~~"<<endl;
	cout<<"~~    4.查找指定员工信息         ~~"<<endl;
	cout<<"~~    5.添加员工信息             ~~"<<endl;
	cout<<"~~    6.退出                     ~~"<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
    cout<<"请选择0-5（输入相应的数字）: ";
}

//  添加功能
void AddStudent(System& Frontier)
{
    AddMenu:
    cout<<"please choose the type want to add:"<<endl;
    cout<<"1.Technician"<<endl;
    cout<<"2.Manager"<<endl;
    cout<<"3.Saleman"<<endl;
	cout<<"4.Salemanager"<<endl;
    cout<<"5.Back."<<endl;
    cout<<"Please enter your choice here: ";
    int choice;
    cin>>choice;
    cout<<endl;
    switch(choice)
    {
    case 1:
        Frontier.PushTechnician();
        break;
    case 2:
        Frontier.PushManage();
        break;
    case 3:
        Frontier.PushSaleman();
	case 4:
        Frontier.PushSalemanager();
    case 5:
        break;
    default:
        cout<<"Incorrectly input!!!"<<endl<<endl;
        goto AddMenu;
    }
}

//    查询功能
void FindStudent(System& Frontier)
{
    FindMenu:
    cout<<"In which way you want to query: "<<endl;
    cout<<"1.The ID."<<endl;
    cout<<"2.The name."<<endl;
    cout<<"3.Back."<<endl;
    cout<<"Please enter choice: ";
    int choice;
    cin>>choice;
    cout<<endl;
    switch(choice)
    {
    case 1:
        Frontier.QueryById();
        break;
    case 2:
        Frontier.QueryByName();
        break;
    case 3:
        break;
    default:
        cout<<"Incorrectly input!!!"<<endl<<endl;
        goto FindMenu;
    }
}

//    统计功能
void Statistic(System& Frontier)
{
    StatMenu:
    cout<<"Please input the way you want statistic: "<<endl;
    cout<<"1.The total number."<<endl;
    cout<<"2.The different genders."<<endl;
    cout<<"3.The different levels."<<endl;
    cout<<"4.Back."<<endl;
    int choice;
    cout<<"Please enter your choice here: ";
    cin>>choice;
    cout<<endl;
    switch(choice)
    {
    case 1:
        Frontier.TotalNum();
        break;
    case 2:
        Frontier.StatGender();
        break;
    case 3:
        Frontier.StatLevel();
        break;
    case 4:
        break;
    default:
        cout<<"error!!!"<<endl<<endl;
        goto StatMenu;
    }
}

int main()
{
    System Frontier;
    Frontier.FileIn();  //将文件数据输入到系统中
    int option;
    Menu:
    UserInterface();
    cin>>option;
    cout<<endl;
    switch(option)
    {
    case 1:
        AddCompany(Frontier);
        break;
    case 2:
        FindCompany(Frontier);
        break;
    case 3:
        Frontier.Display();
        cout<<endl;
        break;
    case 4:
        Statistic(Frontier);
        break;
    case 5:
        Frontier.Save();
        break;
    case 6:
        exit(0);
        break;
    default:
        cout<<"error!!!"<<endl<<endl;
        break;
    }
    goto Menu;
    return 0;
}

//***************
//**   1.h   **
//***************
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Company;

class System{
private:
    Company* pCompany[30];
public:
    System();
    int FileIn();  //读取功能
    void PushTechnician();  //添加技术人员
    void PushManager();  //添加经理
    void PushSaleman();  //添加销售人员
	void PushSalemanager();  //添加销售经理
    int QueryById();  //根据id查询
    int QueryByName();  //根据name查询
    void Display();  //显示功能
    void Edit(int);  //编辑功能
    void Delete(int);  //删除功能
    void TotalNum();  //统计人数功能
    void StatGender();  //统计性别功能
    void StatLevel();  //统计职业功能
    int Save();  //保存功能
};                                                 

class Company{                        			   
protected:                            		
    string id;  //编号                        		
    string name;  //姓名
    char gender;  //性别：用M代表男，用F代表女
    string sector;  //所在部门
	int rank;  //级别
	double wages;  //工资
public:
    virtual ~Company(){};
    void virtual Add() = 0;
    void virtual showInform() = 0;
    int virtual Type() = 0;  //Edit功能出现问题后用来判断指针指向是哪个类的一个纯虚函数，
    friend System;
};

class Technician: public Company{
public:
    virtual ~Technician(){};  //基类定义虚析构
    void virtual Add();
    void showInform();
    int Type() {return 0;};
    friend System;
};

class Manager: public Company{
public:
	virtual ~Manager(){};  //基类定义虚析构
    void Add();
    void showInform();
    int Type() {return 1;};
    friend System;
};

class Saleman: public Company{
public:
	virtual ~Saleman(){};  //基类定义虚析构
    void Add();
    void showInform();
    int Type() {return 1;};
    friend System;
};

class Salemanager: public Company{
public:
	virtual ~Salemanager(){};  //基类定义虚析构
    void Add();
    void showInform();
    int Type() {return 1;};
    friend System;
};

6、 程序执行结果

7、心得体会

编辑功能:直接在原数据上覆盖是不可行的（因为ID不可重复），要先new一个用来存储暂时数据，之后再看是否覆盖
先删除文件（因为write函数默认接着写入，而不会覆盖写入）所以用remove函数

很难想象，竟然写出来了！
C++语言课伊始时，迷迷糊糊的感觉听懂老师讲的东西。简单初级的自己觉着不用看了%￥#&然后没这些简单的东西铺垫就更搞不懂后面复杂的了……
最初的烦恼，我上课应该有认真听啊，作业做得很是难受（但作为一个初学者来说，只听老师讲的东西，课下不巩固记忆，怎么可能搞得懂）……要还非常担心之后的考试，感觉要凉……
第一次开窍是想把基础要打扎实，好好学习的（没得办法的）我把之前上过的课本全部整理了一遍。各种我初学时不太理解的东西基本都再看了一遍，然后我就顿悟了一下hhh。然后就就养成了课前预习，课后整理的好习惯，万万没想到因此课上效率也高了不少，能够理解老师所讲的同时，还能自己联系到类似的例子。