Android 数据存储之 SQLite

数据存储在开发中是使用最频繁的,在这里主要介绍Android平台中实现数据存储的5种方式,分别是:

1 使用SharedPreferences存储数据

2 文件存储数据

3 SQLite数据库存储数据

4 使用ContentProvider存储数据

5 网络存储数据

本文介绍SQLite存储方法,

在Android平台上,集成了一个嵌入式关系型数据库-SQLiteSQLite3支持nullintegerrealtextblob数据类型,虽然支持的数据类型只有5种,但是实际上也接受varcharchardecimal等数据类型,只是在运算和保持时会转化成相对应的5种数据类型,SQLite可以把任何类型存储在任意字段上,但是定义为integer primary key的字段只能是64为整数,并且SQLite支持大部分标准的sql语句


第一步我写一个类继承 SQLiteOpenHelper来实现数据库的操作

public class DBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
	private static final String DATABASE_NAME="mydb.db";
	private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
    private static final String DICTIONARY_TABLE_NAME = "dictionary";
    private static final String DICTIONARY_TABLE_CREATE  =  "CREATE TABLE " + DICTIONARY_TABLE_NAME + " (   KEY_WORD  TEXT,  KEY_DEFINITION  TEXT);";
	private static final String PERSON_TABLE_CREATE = "create table person(id integer primary key autoincrement,name varchar(64),address varchar(64),sex varchar(4))";
	public DBOpenHelper(Context context) {
		super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
	}

	 /**
     * 当数据库创建的时候,是第一次被执行,完成对数据库的表的创建
     * //支持的数据类型:整型数据,字符串类型,日期类型,二进制的数据类型,
     * 可以说无数据类型
     */
	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
		db.execSQL(DICTIONARY_TABLE_CREATE);
		db.execSQL(PERSON_TABLE_CREATE);
	}

	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
		String sql = "alter table person add sex varchar(8)";
		db.execSQL(sql);
	}

}

数据的添删改查分别可以通过2种途径来实现

数据的添加

1.使用insert方法

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ContentValues cv = new  ContentValues(); //实例化一个ContentValues用来装载待插入的数据cv.put("username","Jack Johnson");//添加用户名
cv.put( "password" , "iLovePopMusic" ); //添加密码
db.insert( "user" , null ,cv); //执行插入操作

2.使用execSQL方式来实现

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String sql = "insert into user(username,password) values ( 'Jack Johnson' , 'iLovePopMuisc' ); //插入操作的SQL语句
db.execSQL(sql); //执行SQL语句

数据的删除

同样有2种方式可以实现

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String whereClause = "username=?" ; //删除的条件
String[] whereArgs = { "Jack Johnson" }; //删除的条件参数
db.delete( "user" ,whereClause,whereArgs); //执行删除

使用execSQL方式的实现

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String sql = "delete from user where username='Jack Johnson'" ; //删除操作的SQL语句
db.execSQL(sql); //执行删除操作

数据修改

同上,仍是2种方式

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ContentValues cv = new  ContentValues(); //实例化ContentValues
cv.put( "password" , "iHatePopMusic" ); //添加要更改的字段及内容
String whereClause = "username=?" ; //修改条件
String[] whereArgs = { "Jack Johnson" }; //修改条件的参数
db.update( "user" ,cv,whereClause,whereArgs); //执行修改

使用execSQL方式的实现

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String sql = "update [user] set password = 'iHatePopMusic' where username='Jack Johnson'" ; //修改的SQL语句
db.execSQL(sql); //执行修改

数据查询

数据查询相对前面几种方法就复杂一些了,因为查询会带有很多条件

通过query实现查询的

public Cursor query(String table, String[] columns, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String groupBy, String having, String orderBy, String limit)

各参数说明:

  • table:表名称
  • colums:列名称数组
  • selection:条件子句,相当于where
  • selectionArgs:条件语句的参数数组
  • groupBy:分组
  • having:分组条件
  • orderBy:排序类
  • limit:分页查询的限制
  • Cursor:返回值,相当于结果集ResultSet

针对游标(Cursor)也提供了不少方法

方法名称 方法描述
getCount() 总记录条数
isFirst() 判断是否第一条记录
isLast() 判断是否最后一条记录
moveToFirst() 移动到第一条记录
moveToLast() 移动到最后一条记录
move(int offset) 移动到指定的记录
moveToNext() 移动到吓一条记录
moveToPrevious() 移动到上一条记录
getColumnIndex(String columnName) 获得指定列索引的int类型值

实现代码

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Cursor c = db.query( "user" , null , null , null , null , null , null ); //查询并获得游标
if (c.moveToFirst()){ //判断游标是否为空
     for ( int  i= 0 ;i<c.getCount();i++){
         c.move(i); //移动到指定记录
         String username = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex( "username" );
         String password = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex( "password" ));
     }
}

通过rawQuery实现的带参数查询

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Cursor c = db.rawQuery( "select * from user where username=?" , new  Stirng[]{ "Jack Johnson" });
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
     String password = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex( "password" ));
}
下面是完整代码实现方式

方式一

package com.example.demo.datastore.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

import com.example.demo.datastore.db.PersonOpenHelper;
import com.example.demo.datastore.service.PersonService;



public class PersonDao implements PersonService {

	private PersonOpenHelper helper = null;
	public PersonDao(Context context) {
		helper = new PersonOpenHelper(context);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean addPerson(Object[] params) {
		boolean flag = false;
		//实现对数据库的添加删除和修改查询的功能
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		try {
			String sql = "insert into person(name,address,sex) values(?,?,?)";
			database = helper.getWritableDatabase();//实现对数据库的写的操作
			database.execSQL(sql, params);
			flag = true;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(database!=null){
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return flag;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean deletePerson(Object[] params) {
		boolean flag = false;
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		try {
			String sql = "delete from person where id = ? ";
			database = helper.getWritableDatabase();
			database.execSQL(sql, params);
			flag = true;
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			if(database!=null){
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return flag;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean updatePerson(Object[] params) {
		boolean flag = false;
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		try {
			String sql = "update person set name = ? ,address = ?, sex = ? where id = ? ";
			database = helper.getWritableDatabase();
			database.execSQL(sql, params);
			flag = true;
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}finally{
			if(database!=null){
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return flag;
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, String> viewPerson(String[] selectionArgs) {
		Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		try {
			String sql = "select * from person where id = ? ";
			database = helper.getReadableDatabase();
			Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(sql, selectionArgs);
			//获得数据库的列的个数
			int colums = cursor.getColumnCount();
			while(cursor.moveToNext()){
				for(int i=0;i<colums;i++){
					String cols_name = cursor.getColumnName(i);
					String cols_value = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(cols_name));
					if(cols_value==null){
						cols_value = "";
					}
					map.put(cols_name, cols_value);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally{
			if(database!=null){
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return map;
	}

	@Override
	public List<Map<String, String>> listPersonMaps(String[] selectionArgs) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		List<Map<String,String>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String,String>>();
		String sql = "select * from person ";
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		try {
			database = helper.getReadableDatabase();
			Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(sql, selectionArgs);
			int colums = cursor.getColumnCount();
			while(cursor.moveToNext()){
				Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
				for(int i=0;i<colums;i++){
					String cols_name = cursor.getColumnName(i);
					String cols_value = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(cols_name));
					if(cols_value==null){
						cols_value="";
					}
					map.put(cols_name, cols_value);
				}
				list.add(map);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		}finally{
			if(database!=null){
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return list;
	}

}

方式二
package com.example.demo.datastore.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

import com.example.demo.datastore.db.PersonOpenHelper;
import com.example.demo.datastore.service.PersonService2;


public class PersonDao2 implements PersonService2 {

	private PersonOpenHelper helper = null;

	public PersonDao2(Context context) {
		helper = new PersonOpenHelper(context);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean addPerson(ContentValues values) {
		boolean flag = false;
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		long id = -1;
		try {
			database = helper.getWritableDatabase();
			id = database.insert("person", null, values);
			flag = (id != -1 ? true : false);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		} finally {
			if (database != null) {
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return flag;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean deletePerson(String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) {
		boolean flag = false;
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		int count = 0;
		try {
			database = helper.getWritableDatabase();
			count = database.delete("person", whereClause, whereArgs);
			flag = (count > 0 ? true : false);
		} catch (Exception e) {
		} finally {
			if (database != null) {
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return flag;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean updatePerson(ContentValues values, String whereClause,
			String[] whereArgs) {
		boolean flag = false;
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		int count = 0;// 影响数据库的行数
		try {
			database = helper.getWritableDatabase();
			count = database.update("person", values, whereClause, whereArgs);
			flag = (count > 0 ? true : false);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
		} finally {
			if (database != null) {
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return flag;
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, String> viewPerson(String selection,
			String[] selectionArgs) {
		// select 返回的列的名称(投影查询) from
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		Cursor cursor = null;
		Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
		try {
			database = helper.getReadableDatabase();
			cursor = database.query(true, "person", null, selection,
					selectionArgs, null, null, null, null);
			int cols_len = cursor.getColumnCount();
			while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
				for (int i = 0; i < cols_len; i++) {
					String cols_name = cursor.getColumnName(i);
					String cols_value = cursor.getString(cursor
							.getColumnIndex(cols_name));
					if (cols_value == null) {
						cols_value = "";
					}
					map.put(cols_name, cols_value);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (database != null) {
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return map;
	}

	@Override
	public List<Map<String, String>> listPersonMaps(String selection,
			String[] selectionArgs) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		List<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
		SQLiteDatabase database = null;
		Cursor cursor = null;
		try {
			database = helper.getReadableDatabase();
			cursor = database.query(false, "person", null, selection,
					selectionArgs, null, null, null, null);
			int cols_len = cursor.getColumnCount();
			while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
				Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
				for (int i = 0; i < cols_len; i++) {
					String cols_name = cursor.getColumnName(i);
					String cols_value = cursor.getString(cursor
							.getColumnIndex(cols_name));
					if (cols_value == null) {
						cols_value = "";
					}
					map.put(cols_name, cols_value);
				}
				list.add(map);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (database != null) {
				database.close();
			}
		}
		return list;
	}

}


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