蓝牙模块的使用

蓝牙模块使用步骤：

1.使用蓝牙的响应权限

<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> 

<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> 

2,.配置本机蓝牙模块

BluetoothAdapteradapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 

//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板 

Intent intent =new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); 

startActivityForResult(intent,0x1); 

//直接打开蓝牙 

adapter.enable(); 

//关闭蓝牙 

adapter.disable(); 

//打开本机的蓝牙发现功能（默认打开120秒，可以将时间最多延长至300秒） 

IntentdiscoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); 

discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,300);//设置持续时间（最多300秒） 

3.搜索蓝牙设备

使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备

startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法，调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索，该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后，搜索过程实际上是在一个SystemService中进行的，所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索（该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用）。

请求Discovery后，系统开始搜索蓝牙设备，在这个过程中，系统会发送以下三个广播：

ACTION_DISCOVERY_START：开始搜索

ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED：搜索结束

ACTION_FOUND：找到设备，这个Intent中包含两个extrafields：EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS，分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。

我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播，以便实现某些功能。

 

// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver 

private final BroadcastReceivermReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { 

   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { 

       String action = intent.getAction(); 

       // 发现设备 

       if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { 

            // 从Intent中获取设备对象 

            BluetoothDevice device =intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); 

            // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter，以便在ListView中显示 

            mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName()+ "\n" + device.getAddress()); 

       } 

   } 

}; 

// 注册BroadcastReceiver 

IntentFilter filter = newIntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); 

registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定 

 4.蓝牙Socket通信

如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接，则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket，这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的，而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。

(1)服务器端的实现

通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String,UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket（UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对）

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求，如果收到请求，则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例（此方法为block方法，应置于新线程中）

如果不想在accept其他的连接，则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源（调用该方法后，之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接，则一般在accept一个连接后，便close掉BluetoothServerSocket）

private class AcceptThread extendsThread { 

   private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; 

   public AcceptThread() { 

       // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, 

       // because mmServerSocket is final 

       BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null; 

       try { 

            // MY_UUID is the app's UUIDstring, also used by the client code 

            tmp =mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); 

       } catch (IOException e) { } 

       mmServerSocket = tmp; 

   } 

 

   public void run() { 

       BluetoothSocket socket = null; 

       // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned 

       while (true) { 

            try { 

                socket =mmServerSocket.accept(); 

            } catch (IOException e) { 

                break; 

            } 

            // If a connection wasaccepted 

            if (socket != null) { 

                // Do work to manage theconnection (in a separate thread) 

               manageConnectedSocket(socket); 

                mmServerSocket.close(); 

                break; 

            } 

       } 

   } 

 

   /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish*/ 

   public void cancel() { 

       try { 

            mmServerSocket.close(); 

       } catch (IOException e) { } 

   } 

} 

 (2) 客户端的实现

通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService，调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String,UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket（该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID）调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法（该方法为block方法），如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配，并且连接被服务器端accept，则connect()方法返回

注意：在调用connect()方法之前，应当确定当前没有搜索设备，否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败

private class ConnectThread extendsThread { 

   private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 

   private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; 

 

   public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { 

       // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, 

       // because mmSocket is final 

       BluetoothSocket tmp = null; 

       mmDevice = device; 

 

       // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice 

       try { 

            // MY_UUID is the app's UUIDstring, also used by the server code 

            tmp =device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); 

       } catch (IOException e) { } 

       mmSocket = tmp; 

   } 

 

   public void run() { 

       // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection 

       mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 

 

       try { 

            // Connect the device through thesocket. This will block 

            // until it succeeds or throws anexception 

            mmSocket.connect(); 

       } catch (IOException connectException) { 

            // Unable to connect; close thesocket and get out 

            try { 

                mmSocket.close(); 

            } catch (IOExceptioncloseException) { } 

            return; 

       } 

 

       // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) 

       manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket); 

   } 

 

   /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */ 

   public void cancel() { 

       try { 

            mmSocket.close(); 

       } catch (IOException e) { } 

   } 

} 

 

7.5连接管理（数据通信）

分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作。

注意：read(bytes[])方法会一直block，知道从流中读取到信息，而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block（比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下，write方法会block）

private class ConnectedThread extendsThread { 

   private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 

   private final InputStream mmInStream; 

   private final OutputStream mmOutStream; 

   public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { 

       mmSocket = socket; 

       InputStream tmpIn = null; 

       OutputStream tmpOut = null; 

 

       // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because 

       // member streams are final 

       try { 

            tmpIn =socket.getInputStream(); 

            tmpOut =socket.getOutputStream(); 

       } catch (IOException e) { } 

         mmInStream = tmpIn; 

       mmOutStream = tmpOut; 

   } 

 

   public void run() { 

       byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // buffer store for the stream 

       int bytes; // bytes returned from read() 

 

       // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs 

       while (true) { 

            try { 

                // Read from theInputStream 

                bytes =mmInStream.read(buffer); 

                // Send the obtained bytes tothe UI Activity 

                mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ,bytes, -1, buffer) 

                        .sendToTarget(); 

            } catch (IOException e) { 

                break; 

            } 

       } 

   } 

 

   /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device*/ 

   public void write(byte[] bytes) { 

       try { 

            mmOutStream.write(bytes); 

       } catch (IOException e) { } 

   } 

 

   /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */ 

   public void cancel() { 

       try { 

            mmSocket.close(); 

       } catch (IOException e) { } 

   } 

}