http协议:
- 超文本传输协议,从万维网传输资源到本地浏览器的传送协议,
- http协议基于应用层协议主要用来规定客户端和服务端的数据传输格式,最初用来向客户端传输html页面的内容,默认端口是80
- http是基于请求和响应模式的、无状态的、应用层的协议
http请求报文
- 请求行
- GET http://test.lemonban.com/ningmengban/app/login/login.html HTTP/1.1
- 请求资源的方法 请求资源的地址(统一资源定位符) http协议 版本号
- GET http://test.lemonban.com/ningmengban/app/login/login.html HTTP/1.1
- 请求头
- Host: test.lemonban.com //域名
- Accept: application/json //浏览器告诉服务器,浏览器接收什么:服务器给浏览器传 json格式的字符串
- Cache-Control //缓存机制,如:Cache-Control:no-cache 不缓存
- Content-Length: 62 //请求数据长度
- Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 //告诉服务器:浏览器给服务器发的是什么格式:表单的格式,utf8编码
- User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) //系统浏览器和版本的说明
- Referer: http://test.lemonban.com/ningmengban/app/login/login.html //从那个页面上发起的请求
- Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 //浏览器接收的语言是中文
- Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate //浏览器接收gzip压缩
- Referer: http://test.lemonban.com/ningmengban/app/login/login.html 从哪个链接访问的,防止盗链,可统计一个请求来自哪个页面
- 空一行
- 请求正文(请求体)
http响应报文
-
状态行
- HTTP/1.1 200 OK //协议版本 状态码 原因描述
- 状态码: 服务器HTTP响应状态的3位数字代码
- 1XX 提示信息,请求被成功接收
- 2XX 成功,请求被成功处理 200
- 3XX 重定向相关304 请求的页面未改变
- 4XX 客户端错误404
- 5XX 服务器错误 500
- 状态码: 服务器HTTP响应状态的3位数字代码
- HTTP/1.1 200 OK //协议版本 状态码 原因描述
-
响应头
- Server: nginx/1.12.0 //服务器类型,及软件信息
- Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 10:44:56 GMT //响应报文时间
- Expires: //指定缓存过期时间
- Content-Length: 62 //响应数据长度
- Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 //服务器响应浏览器 内容类型字符集
- Last-Modified: //本地资源最后修改时间,(如果本地资源未修改 不发送请求304)
- Transfer-Encoding: chunked //
- Location: //指定 重定向的位置,新的URL地址,如304的情况
- Connection: keep-alive //保持tcp连接不关闭,不会永久保存连接,服务器可设置
- Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=4FCBDC0840A9DA1328C4DBDD27871043; Path=/ningmengban //服务器给浏览器 cookie,浏览器设置cookie,下次请求服务器知道浏览器有没有登录路过
- 空行
-
响应体
- 响应数据
请求方法
- GET 请求资源
- POST 提交资源
- HEAD 获取响应头
- PUT 替换资源
- DELETEE 删除资源
- OPTIONS 允许客户端查看服务器的性能
- TRACE 回显服务器收到的请求,用于测试或诊断
URL (Uniform Resource Locator:统一资源定位符 )
-
https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=‘query-string’
-
scheme://host:prot/搜索接口?搜索参数=‘query-string’
-
scheme:协议:http、https、ftp
-
host:域名或ip地址
-
port:端口
-
path:资源路径
-
query-string:发送的参数 : https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=‘参数’
get请求报文
// 请求行
GET http://test.lemonban.com/ningmengban/app/login/login.html HTTP/1.1
// 请求头部
Host: test.lemonban.com
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate //浏览器接收gzip压缩
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 //浏览器接收语言
// 空一行
空一行
//请求体
空一行 // 注意:get请求没有请求体,post、put请求有请求体
get响应报文
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.0
Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 10:36:02 GMT
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 5431
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: W/"5431-1560931664000"
Last-Modified: Wed, 19 Jun 2019 08:07:44 GMT
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title></title>
<link href="../../css/main.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="../../css/style2.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="../../css/framework/validationEngine.jquery.css" />
<link href="../../css/logsign.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="../../js/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../../js/banner.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../../js/common.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../js/framework/jquery.md5.js"
charset="UTF-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="../../js/framework/jquery.validationEngine-zh_CN.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="../../js/framework/jquery.validationEngine.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../js/framework/sea.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/framework/jquery.cookie.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script language="JavaScript">
seajs.use("../../js/login/login", function(loginUtis) {
loginUtis.init();
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
.onShow {
background-position: 3px -147px;
border-color: #40B3FF;
color: #959595
}
.onFocus {
background-position: 3px -147px;
border-color: #40B3FF;
}
.onError {
background-position: 3px -47px;
border-color: #40B3FF;
color: red
}
.onCorrect {
background-position: 3px -247px;
border-color: #40B3FF;
}
.onLamp {
background-position: 3px -200px
}
.onTime {
background-position: 3px -1356px
}
.form-control {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="login-wrap clearfix">
<div class="login-content clearfix">
<div class="login-left">
<div
style="padding-bottom: 20px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;">
<img src="../../images/logo.png" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="login-title">
<h2>欢迎回来</h2>
<span>还没有帐号?<a href="../register/register.html">立即注册</a></span>
</div>
<div class="form-conttrols">
<form method="post" action="" id="myform"
enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
<div class="form-control">
<input type="text" name="username" id="username"
class="ipt ipt-email validate[required]" data-validate="phones"
placeholder="请输入登录手机号" />
</div>
<div class="form-control">
<input type="password" name="password" id="password"
class="ipt ipt-pwd validate[required]" placeholder="请输入登录密码" />
</div>
<div class="form-control clearfix">
<label for="autologin" class="autologin"><input
type="checkbox" name="cookietime" value="2592000"
id="cookietime" /> 记住我</label> <a href="#" class="forget-pwd">忘记密码?点击找回</a>
</div>
<div class="form-control clearfix">
<p class="tips"></p>
<input type="button" name="dosubmit" id="login-button"
data-fromurl="space/index" value="登录"
class="btn btn-blue login-submit btn-block " />
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer id="footer"> <section class="container">
<div class="b-foot">
<section class="fl col-80 mt20"> <section class="mr20">
<section class="b-f-link mt20"> <a href="/front/helpCenter"
title="帮助中心" target="_blank">帮助中心</a>| <a
href="/front/helpCenter?id=194" title="联系我们" target="_blank">联系我们</a>|
<a href="/front/helpCenter?id=193" title="关于我们" target="_blank">关于我们</a>|
<span>服务热线:0731-85818965</span> <span>Email:serivce@lemonban.com</span>
<span class="ml30">
<div class="c-666 f-fM vam">
柠檬班交流群: <a target="_blank"
href="//shang.qq.com/wpa/qunwpa?idkey=6a5d9650bd405064e00eba58e29d0fa9cf2ca6df94920de201f03a28c5afe8bb"><img
border="0" src="//pub.idqqimg.com/wpa/images/group.png"
alt="柠檬班软件测试交流群" title="柠檬班软件测试交流群"> ①646693549 </a> <a
target="_blank"
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border="0" src="//pub.idqqimg.com/wpa/images/group.png"
alt="柠檬班软件测试学习" title="柠檬班软件测试学习"> ②561662723 </a>
</div>
</span> </section> <section class="b-f-link mt10"> <span>Copyright
©2015-2019 版权所有 湖南省零檬信息技术有限公司 湘ICP备17007107号-2</span> <span class="c-666">Powered
by<a title="柠檬班" target="_blank" href="http://www.lemonban.com"
class="c-666">柠檬班</a>
</span> </section> </section> </section>
<aside class="fl col-20 tar ewm-box"> <span class="disIb tac">
<img
src="http://www.lemonban.com/images/upload/online/20161213/1481617339900.jpg"
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<p class="hLh30 fsize14 c-999 f-fM mt10 tac">关注微信</p>
</span> </aside>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</section> </footer>
</body>
</html>
post请求报文
// 请求行
POST http://test.lemonban.com/ningmengban/mvc/user/login.json HTTP/1.1
// 请求头部
Host: test.lemonban.com
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 62
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Origin: http://test.lemonban.com
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
Referer: http://test.lemonban.com/ningmengban/app/login/login.html //从哪个链接页面过来的
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
//空一行
空一行
//请求体
username=13888888888&password=e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
post 响应报文
//响应状态行
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
//响应头部信息
Server: nginx/1.12.0
Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 10:44:56 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=4FCBDC0840A9DA1328C4DBDD27871043; Path=/ningmengban
//空一行
//响应体
46
{"success":true,"message":"登录成功","content":null,"object":null}
0