Idea - Spring Boot 启动：Error creating bean with name & java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/

场景

之前的项目在 Myeclipse 中，采用的 Spring Boot + Maven，一切正常，今天把项目迁移到 Idea 中，但是在启动之后却出现了错误，最开始抛出的错误是无法创建 Bean，后来才发现其实是 java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest 错误。

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'schedulingConfig': Injection of resource dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'payOrderService': Failed to introspect bean class [com.vatuu.pay.service.PayOrderService] for lookup method metadata: could not find class that it depends on; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:321)

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'payOrderService': Failed to introspect bean class [com.vatuu.pay.service.PayOrderService] for lookup method metadata: could not find class that it depends on; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.determineCandidateConstructors(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:269)
    ....
    ... 21 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701)
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:613)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:524)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:510)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.determineCandidateConstructors(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:247)
    ... 35 more

采取的方法是更换 pom.xml 的依赖包
之前的为

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

更换为

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

问题出现在

<scope>provided</scope>

scope 属性

• compile，缺省值，适用于所有阶段，会随着项目一起发布。
• provided，类似compile，期望JDK、容器或使用者会提供这个依赖。如servlet.jar。
• runtime，只在运行时使用，如JDBC驱动，适用运行和测试阶段。
• test，只在测试时使用，用于编译和运行测试代码。不会随项目发布。
• system，类似provided，需要显式提供包含依赖的jar，Maven不会在Repository中查找它。