Android知识点整理11：Okhttp

一、简介

OkHttp是一个处理网络请求的高性能框架，由Square公司贡献

现在基本已经是Okhttp+retrofit结合使用的天下，他们的优势也是很明显的，Google已经在Android4.4之后将HttpUrlConnection已经替换了OkHttp

1、主流框架分类

底层网络框架：HttpClient、HTTPURLConnection、OkHttp都属于底层网络框架，是真正发起http请求的；
封装的网络框架：Volley、Retrofit、Okgo、Novate属于对底层网络框架的封装，比如Volley内部使用的就是HttpURLConnection、HttpClient、OkHttp，Retrofit是基于OkHttp的封装

2、发展史

Android2.2之前HttpClient是最佳选择，Android2.3之后Google官方建议使用HttpURLConnection，Android6.0以后Google官方Api移除HttpClient

简单对比

框架	okhttp	retrofit	volley	android-async-http
作者	square公司	square公司	Google	Google
性能	拥有Nio和Okio，所以性能更高，请求、处理速度更快（io:阻塞式 nio：非阻塞式）	代码简化，结构彻底，职责细分；易于和rxjava使用，使用方法较多，原理复杂	可拓展性好，可支持httpClient、HTTPURLConnection、okhttp	android5.0之后已弃用
特点	①高性能http请求库，使用连接池来复用连接以提供效率； ②支持SPDY,共享同一个Socket来处理同一个服务器所有的请求； ③支持http2.0、Websocket; ④支持同步、异步执行 ⑤封装线程池、数据转换、参数使用、错误处理等； ⑥无缝支持Gzip来减少数据流量； ⑦缓存响应数据来减少重复的网络请求 ⑧能从很多常用的连接问题中自动恢复 ⑨解决了代理服务器问题和SSL握手失败问题	①Resrful api设计风格 ②支持同步、异步 ③通过注解配置请求，包括请求方法、参数、请求头、返回值等 ⑤可以搭配多种Converter将获得数据解析&序列化 ⑥支持Gson（默认）、Jsckson、Protobuf等 ⑦提供Rxjava支持	①基于HttpUrlConnection,封装了UIL图片加载框架，支持图片加载 ②网络请求的排序、优先级处理缓存； ③多级别取消请求 ④Activity和生命周期的联动（Activity结束生命周期同时取消所有网络请求）	①基于HttpClient ②在UI线程外、异步进行http请求 ③在匿名回调中处理请求结果，callback使用了Andorid的Handler发送消息机制在创建它的线程中执行 ④自动智能请求重试机制 ⑤持久化cookie存储，保存cookit到应用程序的SharedPreferences
-	-	-	-	-
适用场景	重量级网络交互场景：网络请求频繁，传输数据量大	-	适合轻量级网络交互：网络请求频繁，传输数据量小； 不能进行大数据的网络操作，比如音频文件的下载传输 原因：Volley的Request和Response都是把数据放在byte数组中，不支持输入输出流，把数据放在数组中，如果文件大，数组就会很大，需要消耗很大的内存	-
缺点	------	------	致命缺点：不能下载大数据文件	已停止维护

3、常见问题：

问题一：Android6.0以后Google官方Api移除HttpClient，继续使用HttpClient及基于其封装的网络库会出异常

二、主要流程

1、流程图

 2、简单用法：

OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
        builder.addInterceptor(new HeaderInterceptor());//设置Http请求头。给OkHttp 添加请求头拦截器，配置请求头信息
        if (UrlTools.DEV_DEBUG) {
            builder.addInterceptor(new CustomLoggerInterceptor()); //如果是测试包  设置日志拦截器，拦截服务器返回的json数据

            // 为OkHttp配置缓存  添加缓存最大的内存,默认为100M
//         File cacheFile = new File("OkHttpCache");
//         Cache cache = new Cache(cacheFile, Constants.MAX_CACHE_SIZE);
//         builder.cache(cache); // 添加缓存
//         builder.addInterceptor(new CacheInterceptor());
//         builder.addNetworkInterceptor(new CacheInterceptor());
        }


        builder
                //不加以下两行代码,https请求不到自签名的服务器
                //   .sslSocketFactory(createSSLSocketFactory(), new TrustAllCerts())// 创建一个证书对象
                //   .hostnameVerifier(new TrustAllHostnameVerifier()) // 校验名称,这个对象就是信任所有的主机,也就是信任所有https的请求  OK
                // .cookieJar(CookieManager.getInstance()) //  MaoWanAndroidClient
                //设置超时时间
                .connectTimeout(DEFAULT_TIME_OUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .readTimeout(DEFAULT_TIME_OUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .writeTimeout(DEFAULT_TIME_OUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .addInterceptor(new TimeOutIntercepter());
        // .retryOnConnectionFailure(true);//错误重连


        // addCustomDynamicInterceptor(builder);//设置动态参数添加拦截器
        // addExpiredInterceptor(builder); //请求失效校验拦截器

        OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = builder.build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://www.baidu.com").build();
       Call realCall = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); 
       //同步请求
        try {
           Response response =  realCall.execute();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
       //异步请求
        realCall.enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {

            }
        });

3、Okhttp的子系统层级结构图如下所示：

• 网络配置层：利用Builder模式配置各种参数，例如：超时时间、拦截器等，这些参数都会由Okhttp分发给各个需要的子系统。
• 重定向层：负责重定向。
• Header拼接层：负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求，把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。
• HTTP缓存层：负责读取缓存以及更新缓存。
• 连接层：连接层是一个比较复杂的层级，它实现了网络协议、内部的拦截器、安全性认证，连接与连接池等功能，但这一层还没有发起真正的连接，它只是做了连接器一些参数的处理。
• 数据响应层：负责从服务器读取响应的数据。

在整个Okhttp的系统中，我们还要理解以下几个关键角色：

• OkHttpClient：通信的客户端，用来统一管理发起请求与解析响应。
• Call：Call是一个接口，它是HTTP请求的抽象描述，具体实现类是RealCall，它由CallFactory创建。
• Request：请求，封装请求的具体信息，例如：url、header等。
• RequestBody：请求体，用来提交流、表单等请求信息。
• Response：HTTP请求的响应，获取响应信息，例如：响应header等。
• ResponseBody：HTTP请求的响应体，被读取一次以后就会关闭，所以我们重复调用responseBody.string()获取请求结果是会报错的。
• Interceptor：Interceptor是请求拦截器，负责拦截并处理请求，它将网络请求、缓存、透明压缩等功能都统一起来，每个功能都是一个Interceptor，所有的Interceptor最 终连接成一个Interceptor.Chain。典型的责任链模式实现。
• StreamAllocation：用来控制Connections与Streas的资源分配与释放。
• RouteSelector：选择路线与自动重连。
• RouteDatabase：记录连接失败的Route黑名单。

4、Okhttp网络请求流程

• Okhttp的整个请求与响应的流程就是Dispatcher不断从Request Queue里取出请求（Call），根据是否已经存存缓存，从内存缓存或者服务器获取请求的数据。
• 请求分为同步和异步两种，同步请求通过调用Call.exectute()方法直接返回当前请求的Response，异步请求调用Call.enqueue()方法将请求（AsyncCall）添加到请求队列中去，并通过回调（Callback）获取服务器返回的结果。

 

仔细看一下这个流程图，是不是很像计算机网络的OSI七层模型，Okhttp正式采用这种思路，利用拦截器Interceptor将整套框架纵向分层，简化了设计逻辑，提升了框架扩展性。

通过上面的流程图，我们可以知道在整个请求与响应流程中，以下几点是我们需要重点关注的：

• Dispatcher是如何进行请求调度的？
• 各个拦截器是如何实现的？
• 连接与连接池是如何建立和维护的？

具体调用函数链图

5、请求的封装 

请求是由Okhttp发出，真正的请求都被封装了在了接口Call的实现类RealCall中

（1)、Call接口

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Square, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * A call is a request that has been prepared for execution. A call can be canceled. As this object
 * represents a single request/response pair (stream), it cannot be executed twice.
 */
public interface Call extends Cloneable {
  /** Returns the original request that initiated this call. */
  Request request();

  /**
   * Invokes the request immediately, and blocks until the response can be processed or is in
   * error.
   *
   * <p>To avoid leaking resources callers should close the {@link Response} which in turn will
   * close the underlying {@link ResponseBody}.
   *
   * <pre>@{code
   *
   *   // ensure the response (and underlying response body) is closed
   *   try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
   *     ...
   *   }
   *
   * }</pre>
   *
   * <p>The caller may read the response body with the response's {@link Response#body} method. To
   * avoid leaking resources callers must {@linkplain ResponseBody close the response body} or the
   * Response.
   *
   * <p>Note that transport-layer success (receiving a HTTP response code, headers and body) does
   * not necessarily indicate application-layer success: {@code response} may still indicate an
   * unhappy HTTP response code like 404 or 500.
   *
   * @throws IOException if the request could not be executed due to cancellation, a connectivity
   * problem or timeout. Because networks can fail during an exchange, it is possible that the
   * remote server accepted the request before the failure.
   * @throws IllegalStateException when the call has already been executed.
   */
  Response execute() throws IOException;

  /**
   * Schedules the request to be executed at some point in the future.
   *
   * <p>The {@link OkHttpClient#dispatcher dispatcher} defines when the request will run: usually
   * immediately unless there are several other requests currently being executed.
   *
   * <p>This client will later call back {@code responseCallback} with either an HTTP response or a
   * failure exception.
   *
   * @throws IllegalStateException when the call has already been executed.
   */
  void enqueue(Callback responseCallback);

  /** Cancels the request, if possible. Requests that are already complete cannot be canceled. */
  void cancel();

  /**
   * Returns true if this call has been either {@linkplain #execute() executed} or {@linkplain
   * #enqueue(Callback) enqueued}. It is an error to execute a call more than once.
   */
  boolean isExecuted();

  boolean isCanceled();

  /**
   * Create a new, identical call to this one which can be enqueued or executed even if this call
   * has already been.
   */
  Call clone();

  interface Factory {
    Call newCall(Request request);
  }
}

 （2）、RealCall接口

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Square, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import okhttp3.internal.NamedRunnable;
import okhttp3.internal.cache.CacheInterceptor;
import okhttp3.internal.connection.ConnectInterceptor;
import okhttp3.internal.connection.StreamAllocation;
import okhttp3.internal.http.BridgeInterceptor;
import okhttp3.internal.http.CallServerInterceptor;
import okhttp3.internal.http.RealInterceptorChain;
import okhttp3.internal.http.RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor;
import okhttp3.internal.platform.Platform;

import static okhttp3.internal.platform.Platform.INFO;

final class RealCall implements Call {
  final OkHttpClient client;
  final RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor retryAndFollowUpInterceptor;

  /**
   * There is a cycle between the {@link Call} and {@link EventListener} that makes this awkward.
   * This will be set after we create the call instance then create the event listener instance.
   */
  private EventListener eventListener;

  /** The application's original request unadulterated by redirects or auth headers. */
  final Request originalRequest;
  final boolean forWebSocket;

  // Guarded by this.
  private boolean executed;

  private RealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
    this.client = client;
    this.originalRequest = originalRequest;
    this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
    this.retryAndFollowUpInterceptor = new RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client, forWebSocket);
  }

  static RealCall newRealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
    // Safely publish the Call instance to the EventListener.
    RealCall call = new RealCall(client, originalRequest, forWebSocket);
    call.eventListener = client.eventListenerFactory().create(call);
    return call;
  }

  @Override public Request request() {
    return originalRequest;
  }

  @Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    eventListener.callStart(this);
    try {
      client.dispatcher().executed(this);
      Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
      if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
      return result;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      eventListener.callFailed(this, e);
      throw e;
    } finally {
      client.dispatcher().finished(this);
    }
  }

  private void captureCallStackTrace() {
    Object callStackTrace = Platform.get().getStackTraceForCloseable("response.body().close()");
    retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.setCallStackTrace(callStackTrace);
  }

  @Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    eventListener.callStart(this);
    client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
  }

  @Override public void cancel() {
    retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.cancel();
  }

  @Override public synchronized boolean isExecuted() {
    return executed;
  }

  @Override public boolean isCanceled() {
    return retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled();
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // We are a final type & this saves clearing state.
  @Override public RealCall clone() {
    return RealCall.newRealCall(client, originalRequest, forWebSocket);
  }

  StreamAllocation streamAllocation() {
    return retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.streamAllocation();
  }

  final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
    private final Callback responseCallback;

    AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
      super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl());
      this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
    }

    String host() {
      return originalRequest.url().host();
    }

    Request request() {
      return originalRequest;
    }

    RealCall get() {
      return RealCall.this;
    }

    @Override protected void execute() {
      boolean signalledCallback = false;
      try {
        Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
        if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
        } else {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        if (signalledCallback) {
          // Do not signal the callback twice!
          Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
        } else {
          eventListener.callFailed(RealCall.this, e);
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
        }
      } finally {
        client.dispatcher().finished(this);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string that describes this call. Doesn't include a full URL as that might contain
   * sensitive information.
   */
  String toLoggableString() {
    return (isCanceled() ? "canceled " : "")
        + (forWebSocket ? "web socket" : "call")
        + " to " + redactedUrl();
  }

  String redactedUrl() {
    return originalRequest.url().redact();
  }

  Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
    // Build a full stack of interceptors.
    List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
    interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
    interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
    interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
    interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
    interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
    if (!forWebSocket) {
      interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
    }
    interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));

    Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, null, null, null, 0,
        originalRequest, this, eventListener, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
        client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());

    return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
  }
}

RealCall是真正请求的Call

RealCall实现了Call接口，它封装了请求的调用，这个构造函数的逻辑也很简单：赋值外部传入的OkHttpClient、Request与forWebSocket，并 创建了重试与重定向拦截器RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor。

6、请求的发送

RealCall将请求分为两种：同步和异步

（1）、同步

@Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    eventListener.callStart(this);
    try {
      client.dispatcher().executed(this);
      Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
      if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
      return result;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      eventListener.callFailed(this, e);
      throw e;
    } finally {
      client.dispatcher().finished(this);
    }
  }

（2）、异步

 @Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    eventListener.callStart(this);
    client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
  }

AsyncCall代码

 final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
    private final Callback responseCallback;

    AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
      super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl());
      this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
    }

    String host() {
      return originalRequest.url().host();
    }

    Request request() {
      return originalRequest;
    }

    RealCall get() {
      return RealCall.this;
    }

    @Override protected void execute() {
      boolean signalledCallback = false;
      try {
        Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
        if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
        } else {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        if (signalledCallback) {
          // Do not signal the callback twice!
          Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
        } else {
          eventListener.callFailed(RealCall.this, e);
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
        }
      } finally {
        client.dispatcher().finished(this);
      }
    }
  }

 （3）、总结

相同点

不管是同步请求还是异步请求都是Dispatcher在处理：
在执行请求之前都会回调eventListener.callStart(this);
通过getResponseWithInterceptorChain()获取Response
不同点

同步请求：直接执行，并返回请求结果
异步请求：构造一个AsyncCall，并将自己加入处理队列中
异步请求多了responseCallback

7、请求的调度

 Dispather类源码

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 Square, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import okhttp3.RealCall.AsyncCall;
import okhttp3.internal.Util;

/**
 * Policy on when async requests are executed.
 *
 * <p>Each dispatcher uses an {@link ExecutorService} to run calls internally. If you supply your
 * own executor, it should be able to run {@linkplain #getMaxRequests the configured maximum} number
 * of calls concurrently.
 */
public final class Dispatcher {
  private int maxRequests = 64;
  private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5;
  private @Nullable Runnable idleCallback;

  /** Executes calls. Created lazily. */
  private @Nullable ExecutorService executorService;

  /** Ready async calls in the order they'll be run. */
  private final Deque<AsyncCall> readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();

  /** Running asynchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
  private final Deque<AsyncCall> runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();

  /** Running synchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
  private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();

  public Dispatcher(ExecutorService executorService) {
    this.executorService = executorService;
  }

  public Dispatcher() {
  }

  public synchronized ExecutorService executorService() {
    if (executorService == null) {
      executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
          new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(), Util.threadFactory("OkHttp Dispatcher", false));
    }
    return executorService;
  }

  /**
   * Set the maximum number of requests to execute concurrently. Above this requests queue in
   * memory, waiting for the running calls to complete.
   *
   * <p>If more than {@code maxRequests} requests are in flight when this is invoked, those requests
   * will remain in flight.
   */
  public synchronized void setMaxRequests(int maxRequests) {
    if (maxRequests < 1) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("max < 1: " + maxRequests);
    }
    this.maxRequests = maxRequests;
    promoteCalls();
  }

  public synchronized int getMaxRequests() {
    return maxRequests;
  }

  /**
   * Set the maximum number of requests for each host to execute concurrently. This limits requests
   * by the URL's host name. Note that concurrent requests to a single IP address may still exceed
   * this limit: multiple hostnames may share an IP address or be routed through the same HTTP
   * proxy.
   *
   * <p>If more than {@code maxRequestsPerHost} requests are in flight when this is invoked, those
   * requests will remain in flight.
   *
   * <p>WebSocket connections to hosts <b>do not</b> count against this limit.
   */
  public synchronized void setMaxRequestsPerHost(int maxRequestsPerHost) {
    if (maxRequestsPerHost < 1) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("max < 1: " + maxRequestsPerHost);
    }
    this.maxRequestsPerHost = maxRequestsPerHost;
    promoteCalls();
  }

  public synchronized int getMaxRequestsPerHost() {
    return maxRequestsPerHost;
  }

  /**
   * Set a callback to be invoked each time the dispatcher becomes idle (when the number of running
   * calls returns to zero).
   *
   * <p>Note: The time at which a {@linkplain Call call} is considered idle is different depending
   * on whether it was run {@linkplain Call#enqueue(Callback) asynchronously} or
   * {@linkplain Call#execute() synchronously}. Asynchronous calls become idle after the
   * {@link Callback#onResponse onResponse} or {@link Callback#onFailure onFailure} callback has
   * returned. Synchronous calls become idle once {@link Call#execute() execute()} returns. This
   * means that if you are doing synchronous calls the network layer will not truly be idle until
   * every returned {@link Response} has been closed.
   */
  public synchronized void setIdleCallback(@Nullable Runnable idleCallback) {
    this.idleCallback = idleCallback;
  }

  synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
    if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
      runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
      executorService().execute(call);
    } else {
      readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Cancel all calls currently enqueued or executing. Includes calls executed both {@linkplain
   * Call#execute() synchronously} and {@linkplain Call#enqueue asynchronously}.
   */
  public synchronized void cancelAll() {
    for (AsyncCall call : readyAsyncCalls) {
      call.get().cancel();
    }

    for (AsyncCall call : runningAsyncCalls) {
      call.get().cancel();
    }

    for (RealCall call : runningSyncCalls) {
      call.cancel();
    }
  }

  private void promoteCalls() {
    if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Already running max capacity.
    if (readyAsyncCalls.isEmpty()) return; // No ready calls to promote.

    for (Iterator<AsyncCall> i = readyAsyncCalls.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
      AsyncCall call = i.next();

      if (runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
        i.remove();
        runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
        executorService().execute(call);
      }

      if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Reached max capacity.
    }
  }

  /** Returns the number of running calls that share a host with {@code call}. */
  private int runningCallsForHost(AsyncCall call) {
    int result = 0;
    for (AsyncCall c : runningAsyncCalls) {
      if (c.get().forWebSocket) continue;
      if (c.host().equals(call.host())) result++;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal it is in-flight. */
  synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
    runningSyncCalls.add(call);
  }

  /** Used by {@code AsyncCall#run} to signal completion. */
  void finished(AsyncCall call) {
    finished(runningAsyncCalls, call, true);
  }

  /** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal completion. */
  void finished(RealCall call) {
    finished(runningSyncCalls, call, false);
  }

  private <T> void finished(Deque<T> calls, T call, boolean promoteCalls) {
    int runningCallsCount;
    Runnable idleCallback;
    synchronized (this) {
      if (!calls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!");
      if (promoteCalls) promoteCalls();
      runningCallsCount = runningCallsCount();
      idleCallback = this.idleCallback;
    }

    if (runningCallsCount == 0 && idleCallback != null) {
      idleCallback.run();
    }
  }

  /** Returns a snapshot of the calls currently awaiting execution. */
  public synchronized List<Call> queuedCalls() {
    List<Call> result = new ArrayList<>();
    for (AsyncCall asyncCall : readyAsyncCalls) {
      result.add(asyncCall.get());
    }
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
  }

  /** Returns a snapshot of the calls currently being executed. */
  public synchronized List<Call> runningCalls() {
    List<Call> result = new ArrayList<>();
    result.addAll(runningSyncCalls);
    for (AsyncCall asyncCall : runningAsyncCalls) {
      result.add(asyncCall.get());
    }
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
  }

  public synchronized int queuedCallsCount() {
    return readyAsyncCalls.size();
  }

  public synchronized int runningCallsCount() {
    return runningAsyncCalls.size() + runningSyncCalls.size();
  }
}

Dispatcher是一个任务调度器，它内部维护了三个双端队列：

• readyAsyncCalls：准备运行的异步请求
• runningAsyncCalls：正在运行的异步请求
• runningSyncCalls：正在运行的同步请求

• 同步请求就直接把请求添加到正在运行的同步请求队列runningSyncCalls中，
• 异步请求会做个判断：
  如果正在运行的异步请求不超过64，而且同一个host下的异步请求不得超过5个则将请求添加到正在运行的同步请求队列中runningAsyncCalls并开始 执行请求，否则就添加到readyAsyncCalls继续等待。

8、请求的处理

 （1）、getResponseWithInterceptorChain

Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
    // Build a full stack of interceptors.
    List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
    interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
    interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
    interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
    interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
    interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
    if (!forWebSocket) {
      interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
    }
    interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));

    Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, null, null, null, 0,
        originalRequest, this, eventListener, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
        client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());

    return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
  }

短短几行代码，完成了对请求的所有处理过程。

• 首先一次将
  用户添加的拦截器client.interceptors()--retryAndFollowUpInterceptor（重定向）--BridgeInterceptor--CacheInterceptor--ConnectInterceptor--networkInterceptors（非forWebSocket）--CallServerInterceptor加入到列表中。
• 接着构造一个拦截器链index=0的链元素RealInterceptorChain
• 最终调用第一个链元素的proceed

（2）我们再来看看 RealInterceptorChain源码

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Square, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3.internal.http;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.Connection;
import okhttp3.EventListener;
import okhttp3.Interceptor;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import okhttp3.internal.connection.RealConnection;
import okhttp3.internal.connection.StreamAllocation;

import static okhttp3.internal.Util.checkDuration;

/**
 * A concrete interceptor chain that carries the entire interceptor chain: all application
 * interceptors, the OkHttp core, all network interceptors, and finally the network caller.
 */
public final class RealInterceptorChain implements Interceptor.Chain {
  private final List<Interceptor> interceptors;
  private final StreamAllocation streamAllocation;
  private final HttpCodec httpCodec;
  private final RealConnection connection;
  private final int index;
  private final Request request;
  private final Call call;
  private final EventListener eventListener;
  private final int connectTimeout;
  private final int readTimeout;
  private final int writeTimeout;
  private int calls;

  public RealInterceptorChain(List<Interceptor> interceptors, StreamAllocation streamAllocation,
      HttpCodec httpCodec, RealConnection connection, int index, Request request, Call call,
      EventListener eventListener, int connectTimeout, int readTimeout, int writeTimeout) {
    this.interceptors = interceptors;
    this.connection = connection;
    this.streamAllocation = streamAllocation;
    this.httpCodec = httpCodec;
    this.index = index;
    this.request = request;
    this.call = call;
    this.eventListener = eventListener;
    this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
    this.readTimeout = readTimeout;
    this.writeTimeout = writeTimeout;
  }

  @Override public Connection connection() {
    return connection;
  }

  @Override public int connectTimeoutMillis() {
    return connectTimeout;
  }

  @Override public Interceptor.Chain withConnectTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
    int millis = checkDuration("timeout", timeout, unit);
    return new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index,
        request, call, eventListener, millis, readTimeout, writeTimeout);
  }

  @Override public int readTimeoutMillis() {
    return readTimeout;
  }

  @Override public Interceptor.Chain withReadTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
    int millis = checkDuration("timeout", timeout, unit);
    return new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index,
        request, call, eventListener, connectTimeout, millis, writeTimeout);
  }

  @Override public int writeTimeoutMillis() {
    return writeTimeout;
  }

  @Override public Interceptor.Chain withWriteTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
    int millis = checkDuration("timeout", timeout, unit);
    return new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index,
        request, call, eventListener, connectTimeout, readTimeout, millis);
  }

  public StreamAllocation streamAllocation() {
    return streamAllocation;
  }

  public HttpCodec httpStream() {
    return httpCodec;
  }

  @Override public Call call() {
    return call;
  }

  public EventListener eventListener() {
    return eventListener;
  }

  @Override public Request request() {
    return request;
  }

  @Override public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
    return proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
  }

  public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
      RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
    if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();

    calls++;

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
    if (this.httpCodec != null && !this.connection.supportsUrl(request.url())) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must retain the same host and port");
    }

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
    if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // Call the next interceptor in the chain.
    RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec,
        connection, index + 1, request, call, eventListener, connectTimeout, readTimeout,
        writeTimeout);
    Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
    Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);

    // Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed().
    if (httpCodec != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null.
    if (response == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null");
    }

    if (response.body() == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(
          "interceptor " + interceptor + " returned a response with no body");
    }

    return response;
  }
}

重点看看proceed中

 //调用当前拦截器的intercept并传入下一个拦截器
   Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);

 

@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request request = chain.request();
    //1 Request阶段，该拦截器在Request阶段负责做的事情

    //2 调用RealInterceptorChain.proceed()，其实是在递归调用下一个拦截器的intercept()方法
    response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);

    //3 Response阶段，完成了该拦截器在Response阶段负责做的事情，然后返回到上一层的拦截器。
    return response;     
    }
  }

• 在当前链元素的proceed（）中会构造下一个链元素next，并获取到当前链元素的拦截器interceptor，调用拦截器的interceptor.intercept(next);将next传进去。
• 在intercept(next)继续会调用next的proceed（）直到最后一个CallServerInterceptor。在该拦截其中没有调用next的proceed（）
• 最后将Response逐级返回。
• 它的实现采用责任链模式

（3）、各拦截器作用

• RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor：负责重定向。
• BridgeInterceptor：负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求，把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。
• CacheInterceptor：负责读取缓存以及更新缓存。
• ConnectInterceptor：负责与服务器建立连接。
• CallServerInterceptor：负责从服务器读取响应的数据。

（4）总结：

Request是按照interpretor的顺序正向处理，而Response是逆向处理的。这参考了OSI七层模型的原理。上面我们也提到过。CallServerInterceptor相当于最底层的物理层，
请求从上到逐层包装下发，响应从下到上再逐层包装返回。很漂亮的设计。

• 位置决定功能，位置靠前的先执行，最后一个则复制与服务器通讯，请求从RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor开始层层传递到CallServerInterceptor，每一层
  都对请求做相应的处理，处理的结构再从CallServerInterceptor层层返回给RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor，最红请求的发起者获得了服务器返回的结果。
• 以上便是Okhttp整个请求与响应的具体流程，可以发现拦截器才是Okhttp核心功能所在，我们来逐一分析每个拦截器的实现。

 

参考文章： https://www.jianshu.com/p/3842b63c69c6

                   https://juejin.im/post/6844903557632622605

                  https://www.jianshu.com/p/9cd408cd4bb5