poj-3982(矩阵快速幂+大数模板)

问题描述:

数列A满足An = An-1 + An-2 + An-3, n >= 3 ,编写程序，给定A0, A1 和 A2, 计算A99

Input

输入包含多行数据 
每行数据包含3个整数A0, A1, A2 (0 <= A0, A1, A2 <= 32767) 
数据以EOF结束

Output

对于输入的每一行输出A99的值

Sample Input

1 1 1

Sample Output

69087442470169316923566147

题目题意:题目题意很简单，就是求A99.

题目分析:因为存在递推式的缘故，很自然的想到了矩阵快速幂来加速递推，但是这不是这道题目的关键，这道题目的范围，数据范围很大，导致没办法用普通数据范围来保存，所以大数的模板就很重要了。这道题目主要想分享一下这个大数模板.

代码如下:

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

const int MAXN =510;

struct bign
{
    int len, s[MAXN];
    bign ()
    {
        memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
        len = 1;
    }
    bign (int num) { *this = num; }
    bign (const char *num) { *this = num; }
    bign operator = (const int num)
    {
        char s[MAXN];
        sprintf(s, "%d", num);
        *this = s;
        return *this;
    }
    bign operator = (const char *num)
    {
        for(int i = 0; num[i] == '0'; num++) ;  //去前导0
        len = strlen(num);
        for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) s[i] = num[len-i-1] - '0';
        return *this;
    }
    bign operator + (const bign &b) const //+
    {
        bign c;
        c.len = 0;
        for(int i = 0, g = 0; g || i < max(len, b.len); i++)
        {
            int x = g;
            if(i < len) x += s[i];
            if(i < b.len) x += b.s[i];
            c.s[c.len++] = x % 10;
            g = x / 10;
        }
        return c;
    }
    bign operator += (const bign &b)
    {
        *this = *this + b;
        return *this;
    }
    void clean()
    {
        while(len > 1 && !s[len-1]) len--;
    }
    bign operator * (const bign &b) //*
    {
        bign c;
        c.len = len + b.len;
        for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        {
            for(int j = 0; j < b.len; j++)
            {
                c.s[i+j] += s[i] * b.s[j];
            }
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < c.len; i++)
        {
            c.s[i+1] += c.s[i]/10;
            c.s[i] %= 10;
        }
        c.clean();
        return c;
    }
    bign operator *= (const bign &b)
    {
        *this = *this * b;
        return *this;
    }
    bign operator - (const bign &b)
    {
        bign c;
        c.len = 0;
        for(int i = 0, g = 0; i < len; i++)
        {
            int x = s[i] - g;
            if(i < b.len) x -= b.s[i];
            if(x >= 0) g = 0;
            else
            {
                g = 1;
                x += 10;
            }
            c.s[c.len++] = x;
        }
        c.clean();
        return c;
    }
    bign operator -= (const bign &b)
    {
        *this = *this - b;
        return *this;
    }
    bign operator / (const bign &b)
    {
        bign c, f = 0;
        for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            f = f*10;
            f.s[0] = s[i];
            while(f >= b)
            {
                f -= b;
                c.s[i]++;
            }
        }
        c.len = len;
        c.clean();
        return c;
    }
    bign operator /= (const bign &b)
    {
        *this  = *this / b;
        return *this;
    }
    bign operator % (const bign &b)
    {
        bign r = *this / b;
        r = *this - r*b;
        return r;
    }
    bign operator %= (const bign &b)
    {
        *this = *this % b;
        return *this;
    }
    bool operator < (const bign &b)
    {
        if(len != b.len) return len < b.len;
        for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if(s[i] != b.s[i]) return s[i] < b.s[i];
        }
        return false;
    }
    bool operator > (const bign &b)
    {
        if(len != b.len) return len > b.len;
        for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if(s[i] != b.s[i]) return s[i] > b.s[i];
        }
        return false;
    }
    bool operator == (const bign &b)
    {
        return !(*this > b) && !(*this < b);
    }
    bool operator != (const bign &b)
    {
        return !(*this == b);
    }
    bool operator <= (const bign &b)
    {
        return *this < b || *this == b;
    }
    bool operator >= (const bign &b)
    {
        return *this > b || *this == b;
    }
    string str() const
    {
        string res = "";
        for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) res = char(s[i]+'0') + res;
        return res;
    }
};

istream& operator >> (istream &in, bign &x)
{
    string s;
    in >> s;
    x = s.c_str();
    return in;
}

ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const bign &x)
{
    out << x.str();
    return out;
}//大数模板

struct matrix//构建矩阵
{
    bign f[4][4];
    matrix operator *( matrix &a) {
        matrix res;
        for (int i=1;i<=3;i++) {
            for (int j=1;j<=3;j++) {
                res.f[i][j]=0;
                for (int k=1;k<=3;k++)
                  res.f[i][j]+=f[i][k]*a.f[k][j];
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}a,b;
int a0,a1,a2;
void init()
{
    b.f[1][1]=b.f[1][2]=b.f[1][3]=1;
    b.f[2][1]=1;
    b.f[3][2]=1;
    a.f[1][1]=a2,a.f[2][1]=a1,a.f[3][1]=a0;
}

matrix fast_pow(matrix base,int k)//快速幂
{
    matrix ans;
    for (int i=1;i<=3;i++)
        ans.f[i][i]=1;
    while (k) {
        if (k&1)
          ans=ans*base;
        base=base*base;
        k>>=1;
    }
    return ans;
}
int main()
{
    while (scanf("%d%d%d",&a0,&a1,&a2)!=EOF) {
        init();
        matrix cur,ans;
        cur=b;
        cur=fast_pow(cur,97);
        ans=cur*a;
        cout<<ans.f[1][1]<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}