我们继续看lambda表达式的应用:
public void urlExcuAspect(RpcController controller, Message request, RpcCallback done)
{
if (Util.isEmpty(request))
{
return;
}
Descriptor descriptor = request.getDescriptorForType();
if (Util.isEmpty(descriptor))
{
return;
}
FieldDescriptor paramMapField = descriptor.findFieldByName("paramMap");
if (Util.isEmpty(paramMapField))
{
return;
}
List<MapEntry<String, String>> paramList = (List<MapEntry<String, String>>)request.getField(paramMapField);
Map<String, String> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
paramList.forEach((entry) -> {
if (Util.isNotEmpty(entry))
{
paramMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
});
UesServiceUtils.setPublicParamToRequest(paramMap);
}
这里仍然是针对一个List接口实例paramList的操作,只不过lambda表达式所操作的函数是Collection的父接口Iterable的默认方法forEach,该方法入参是一个函数式接口Consumer:
/*
* Copyright (c) 2003, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
package java.lang;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Spliterator;
import java.util.Spliterators;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
/**
* Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of
* the "for-each loop" statement. See
* <strong>
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/language/foreach.html">For-each Loop</a>
* </strong>
*
* @param <T> the type of elements returned by the iterator
*
* @since 1.5
* @jls 14.14.2 The enhanced for statement
*/
public interface Iterable<T> {
/**
* Returns an iterator over elements of type {@code T}.
*
* @return an Iterator.
*/
Iterator<T> iterator();
/**
* Performs the given action for each element of the {@code Iterable}
* until all elements have been processed or the action throws an
* exception. Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class,
* actions are performed in the order of iteration (if an iteration order
* is specified). Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the
* caller.
*
* @implSpec
* <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
* <pre>{@code
* for (T t : this)
* action.accept(t);
* }</pre>
*
* @param action The action to be performed for each element
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
* @since 1.8
*/
default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (T t : this) {
action.accept(t);
}
}
/**
* Creates a {@link Spliterator} over the elements described by this
* {@code Iterable}.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation creates an
* <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">early-binding</a></em>
* spliterator from the iterable's {@code Iterator}. The spliterator
* inherits the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterable's iterator.
*
* @implNote
* The default implementation should usually be overridden. The
* spliterator returned by the default implementation has poor splitting
* capabilities, is unsized, and does not report any spliterator
* characteristics. Implementing classes can nearly always provide a
* better implementation.
*
* @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements described by this
* {@code Iterable}.
* @since 1.8
*/
default Spliterator<T> spliterator() {
return Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator(), 0);
}
}
先看下静态方法requireNonNull:
/*
* Copyright (c) 2009, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
package java.util;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
/**
* This class consists of {@code static} utility methods for operating
* on objects. These utilities include {@code null}-safe or {@code
* null}-tolerant methods for computing the hash code of an object,
* returning a string for an object, and comparing two objects.
*
* @since 1.7
*/
public final class Objects {
private Objects() {
throw new AssertionError("No java.util.Objects instances for you!");
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the arguments are equal to each other
* and {@code false} otherwise.
* Consequently, if both arguments are {@code null}, {@code true}
* is returned and if exactly one argument is {@code null}, {@code
* false} is returned. Otherwise, equality is determined by using
* the {@link Object#equals equals} method of the first
* argument.
*
* @param a an object
* @param b an object to be compared with {@code a} for equality
* @return {@code true} if the arguments are equal to each other
* and {@code false} otherwise
* @see Object#equals(Object)
*/
public static boolean equals(Object a, Object b) {
return (a == b) || (a != null && a.equals(b));
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the arguments are deeply equal to each other
* and {@code false} otherwise.
*
* Two {@code null} values are deeply equal. If both arguments are
* arrays, the algorithm in {@link Arrays#deepEquals(Object[],
* Object[]) Arrays.deepEquals} is used to determine equality.
* Otherwise, equality is determined by using the {@link
* Object#equals equals} method of the first argument.
*
* @param a an object
* @param b an object to be compared with {@code a} for deep equality
* @return {@code true} if the arguments are deeply equal to each other
* and {@code false} otherwise
* @see Arrays#deepEquals(Object[], Object[])
* @see Objects#equals(Object, Object)
*/
public static boolean deepEquals(Object a, Object b) {
if (a == b)
return true;
else if (a == null || b == null)
return false;
else
return Arrays.deepEquals0(a, b);
}
/**
* Returns the hash code of a non-{@code null} argument and 0 for
* a {@code null} argument.
*
* @param o an object
* @return the hash code of a non-{@code null} argument and 0 for
* a {@code null} argument
* @see Object#hashCode
*/
public static int hashCode(Object o) {
return o != null ? o.hashCode() : 0;
}
/**
* Generates a hash code for a sequence of input values. The hash
* code is generated as if all the input values were placed into an
* array, and that array were hashed by calling {@link
* Arrays#hashCode(Object[])}.
*
* <p>This method is useful for implementing {@link
* Object#hashCode()} on objects containing multiple fields. For
* example, if an object that has three fields, {@code x}, {@code
* y}, and {@code z}, one could write:
*
* <blockquote><pre>
* @Override public int hashCode() {
* return Objects.hash(x, y, z);
* }
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* <b>Warning: When a single object reference is supplied, the returned
* value does not equal the hash code of that object reference.</b> This
* value can be computed by calling {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
*
* @param values the values to be hashed
* @return a hash value of the sequence of input values
* @see Arrays#hashCode(Object[])
* @see List#hashCode
*/
public static int hash(Object... values) {
return Arrays.hashCode(values);
}
/**
* Returns the result of calling {@code toString} for a non-{@code
* null} argument and {@code "null"} for a {@code null} argument.
*
* @param o an object
* @return the result of calling {@code toString} for a non-{@code
* null} argument and {@code "null"} for a {@code null} argument
* @see Object#toString
* @see String#valueOf(Object)
*/
public static String toString(Object o) {
return String.valueOf(o);
}
/**
* Returns the result of calling {@code toString} on the first
* argument if the first argument is not {@code null} and returns
* the second argument otherwise.
*
* @param o an object
* @param nullDefault string to return if the first argument is
* {@code null}
* @return the result of calling {@code toString} on the first
* argument if it is not {@code null} and the second argument
* otherwise.
* @see Objects#toString(Object)
*/
public static String toString(Object o, String nullDefault) {
return (o != null) ? o.toString() : nullDefault;
}
/**
* Returns 0 if the arguments are identical and {@code
* c.compare(a, b)} otherwise.
* Consequently, if both arguments are {@code null} 0
* is returned.
*
* <p>Note that if one of the arguments is {@code null}, a {@code
* NullPointerException} may or may not be thrown depending on
* what ordering policy, if any, the {@link Comparator Comparator}
* chooses to have for {@code null} values.
*
* @param <T> the type of the objects being compared
* @param a an object
* @param b an object to be compared with {@code a}
* @param c the {@code Comparator} to compare the first two arguments
* @return 0 if the arguments are identical and {@code
* c.compare(a, b)} otherwise.
* @see Comparable
* @see Comparator
*/
public static <T> int compare(T a, T b, Comparator<? super T> c) {
return (a == b) ? 0 : c.compare(a, b);
}
/**
* Checks that the specified object reference is not {@code null}. This
* method is designed primarily for doing parameter validation in methods
* and constructors, as demonstrated below:
* <blockquote><pre>
* public Foo(Bar bar) {
* this.bar = Objects.requireNonNull(bar);
* }
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* @param obj the object reference to check for nullity
* @param <T> the type of the reference
* @return {@code obj} if not {@code null}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code obj} is {@code null}
*/
public static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj) {
if (obj == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return obj;
}
/**
* Checks that the specified object reference is not {@code null} and
* throws a customized {@link NullPointerException} if it is. This method
* is designed primarily for doing parameter validation in methods and
* constructors with multiple parameters, as demonstrated below:
* <blockquote><pre>
* public Foo(Bar bar, Baz baz) {
* this.bar = Objects.requireNonNull(bar, "bar must not be null");
* this.baz = Objects.requireNonNull(baz, "baz must not be null");
* }
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* @param obj the object reference to check for nullity
* @param message detail message to be used in the event that a {@code
* NullPointerException} is thrown
* @param <T> the type of the reference
* @return {@code obj} if not {@code null}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code obj} is {@code null}
*/
public static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj, String message) {
if (obj == null)
throw new NullPointerException(message);
return obj;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the provided reference is {@code null} otherwise
* returns {@code false}.
*
* @apiNote This method exists to be used as a
* {@link java.util.function.Predicate}, {@code filter(Objects::isNull)}
*
* @param obj a reference to be checked against {@code null}
* @return {@code true} if the provided reference is {@code null} otherwise
* {@code false}
*
* @see java.util.function.Predicate
* @since 1.8
*/
public static boolean isNull(Object obj) {
return obj == null;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the provided reference is non-{@code null}
* otherwise returns {@code false}.
*
* @apiNote This method exists to be used as a
* {@link java.util.function.Predicate}, {@code filter(Objects::nonNull)}
*
* @param obj a reference to be checked against {@code null}
* @return {@code true} if the provided reference is non-{@code null}
* otherwise {@code false}
*
* @see java.util.function.Predicate
* @since 1.8
*/
public static boolean nonNull(Object obj) {
return obj != null;
}
/**
* Checks that the specified object reference is not {@code null} and
* throws a customized {@link NullPointerException} if it is.
*
* <p>Unlike the method {@link #requireNonNull(Object, String)},
* this method allows creation of the message to be deferred until
* after the null check is made. While this may confer a
* performance advantage in the non-null case, when deciding to
* call this method care should be taken that the costs of
* creating the message supplier are less than the cost of just
* creating the string message directly.
*
* @param obj the object reference to check for nullity
* @param messageSupplier supplier of the detail message to be
* used in the event that a {@code NullPointerException} is thrown
* @param <T> the type of the reference
* @return {@code obj} if not {@code null}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code obj} is {@code null}
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj, Supplier<String> messageSupplier) {
if (obj == null)
throw new NullPointerException(messageSupplier.get());
return obj;
}
}
再重点看Consumer接口:
/*
* Copyright (c) 2010, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
package java.util.function;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* Represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no
* result. Unlike most other functional interfaces, {@code Consumer} is expected
* to operate via side-effects.
*
* <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
* whose functional method is {@link #accept(Object)}.
*
* @param <T> the type of the input to the operation
*
* @since 1.8
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {
/**
* Performs this operation on the given argument.
*
* @param t the input argument
*/
void accept(T t);
/**
* Returns a composed {@code Consumer} that performs, in sequence, this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
* operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
* composed operation. If performing this operation throws an exception,
* the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
*
* @param after the operation to perform after this operation
* @return a composed {@code Consumer} that performs in sequence this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
*/
default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); };
}
}
抽象方法accept接收一个对象,然后操作该对象,无需返回任何类型。很简单吧,拿Predicate的test对比一下,test做的是判断,accept做的是操作。举个例子:
Consumer<String> consumer = (s) -> System.out.println("Hello, " + s.toUpperCase());
consumer.accept("wlf");
这个consumer实例做的就是打印"Hello,wlf"这个操作。再回过来看我们最开始的代码:
paramList.forEach((entry) -> {
if (Util.isNotEmpty(entry))
{
paramMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
});
遍历paramList,从每个MapEntry<String, String>对象中取出key和value,放到paramMap对象中。好了,我们继续看:
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("wlf");
list.add("wms");
list.stream().filter((s) -> s.startsWith("w")).forEach(System.out::println);
最后一行融合之前所有jdk1.8新特性,从List父接口Collection的stream默认方法取得一个Stream,通过Stream的filter进行中间操作(这里的操作就是Predicate的test,判断是否w开头),最后通过List祖父接口Iterable的forEach方法进行最终操作(这里的操作就是Consumer的accept,打印最终list对象)。