第十课，循环链表

专题三：渐入佳境。包括以下章节：

1. 无招胜有招-静态链表
2. 气宗门道-循环链表
3. 剑宗门道-双向链表
4. 课后练习

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单链表的局限

1. 单链表可以用于表示任意的线性关系
2. 有些线性关系是循环的，即没有队尾元素

单链表的改进

循环链表的定义

• 将单链表中最后一个数据元素的next指针指向第一个元素

循环链表的操作

循环链表拥有单链表的所有操作

• 创建链表
• 销毁链表
• 获取链表长度
• 清空链表
• 获取第pos个元素操作
• 插入元素到位置pos
• 删除位置pos处的元素

游标的定义

• 在循环链表中可以定义一个“当前”指针，这个指针通常称为游标，可以通过这个游标来遍历链表中的所有元素。

循环链表的新操作

• 获取当前游标指向的数据元素
• 将游标重置指向链表中的第一个数据元素
• 将游标移动指向到链表中的下一个数据元素
• 直接指定删除链表中的某个数据元素

循环链表的应用

约瑟夫问题

• n 个人围成一个圆圈，首先第 1 个人从 1 开始一个人一个人顺时针报数，报到第 m 个人，令其出列。然后再从下一 个人开始从 1 顺时针报数，报到第 m 个人，再令其出列，…，如此下去，求出列顺序。

小结

1. 循环链表只是在单链表的基础上做了一个加强
2. 循环链表可以完全取代单链表的使用
3. 循环链表的Next和Current操作可以高效的遍历链表中的所有元素

将单链表改写成循环链表

CircleList.h

#ifndef _CIRCLELIST_H_
#define _CIRCLELIST_H_

typedef void CircleList;
typedef struct _tag_CircleListNode CircleListNode;
struct _tag_CircleListNode
{
    CircleListNode* next;
};

CircleList* CircleList_Create();

void CircleList_Destroy(CircleList* list);

void CircleList_Clear(CircleList* list);

int CircleList_Length(CircleList* list);

int CircleList_Insert(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node, int pos);

CircleListNode* CircleList_Get(CircleList* list, int pos);

CircleListNode* CircleList_Delete(CircleList* list, int pos);

CircleListNode* CircleList_DeleteNode(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node);

CircleListNode* CircleList_Reset(CircleList* list);

CircleListNode* CircleList_Current(CircleList* list);

CircleListNode* CircleList_Next(CircleList* list);

#endif

CircleList.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "CircleList.h"

typedef struct _tag_CircleList
{
    CircleListNode header;
    CircleListNode* slider;
    int length;
} TCircleList;

CircleList* CircleList_Create() // O(1)
{
    TCircleList* ret = (TCircleList*)malloc(sizeof(TCircleList));

    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        ret->length = 0;
        ret->header.next = NULL;
        ret->slider = NULL;
    }

    return ret;
}

void CircleList_Destroy(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
    free(list);
}

void CircleList_Clear(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        sList->length = 0;
        sList->header.next = NULL;
        sList->slider = NULL;
    }
}

int CircleList_Length(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    int ret = -1;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        ret = sList->length;
    }

    return ret;
}

int CircleList_Insert(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node, int pos) // O(n)
{ 
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    int ret = (sList != NULL) && (pos >= 0) && (node != NULL);
    int i = 0;

    if( ret )
    {
        CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;

        for(i=0; (i<pos) && (current->next != NULL); i++)
        {
            current = current->next;
        }

        node->next = current->next;
        current->next = node;

        if( sList->length == 0 )
        {
            sList->slider = node;
            node->next = node;
        }

        sList->length++;
    }

    return ret;
}

CircleListNode* CircleList_Get(CircleList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
    int i = 0;

    if( (sList != NULL) && (pos >= 0) )
    {
        CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;

        for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
        {
            current = current->next;
        }

        ret = current->next;
    }

    return ret;
}

CircleListNode* CircleList_Delete(CircleList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
    int i = 0;

    if( (sList != NULL) && (pos >= 0) )
    {
        CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;
        CircleListNode* first = sList->header.next;
        CircleListNode* last = (CircleListNode*)CircleList_Get(sList, sList->length - 1);

        for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
        {
            current = current->next;
        }

        ret = current->next;
        current->next = ret->next;

        sList->length--;

        if( first == ret )
        {
            sList->header.next = ret->next;
            last->next = ret->next;
        }

        if( sList->slider == ret )
        {
            sList->slider = ret->next;
        }

        if( sList->length == 0 )
        {
            sList->header.next = NULL;
            sList->slider = NULL;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

CircleListNode* CircleList_DeleteNode(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node) // O(n)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
    int i = 0;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;

        for(i=0; i<sList->length; i++)
        {
            if( current->next == node )
            {
                ret = current->next;
                break;
            }

            current = current->next;
        }

        if( ret != NULL )
        {
            CircleList_Delete(sList, i);
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

CircleListNode* CircleList_Reset(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    CircleListNode* ret = NULL;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        sList->slider = sList->header.next;
        ret = sList->slider;
    }

    return ret;
}

CircleListNode* CircleList_Current(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    CircleListNode* ret = NULL;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        ret = sList->slider;
    }

    return ret;
}

CircleListNode* CircleList_Next(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
    TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
    CircleListNode* ret = NULL;

    if( (sList != NULL) && (sList->slider != NULL) )
    {
        ret = sList->slider;
        sList->slider = ret->next;
    }

    return ret;
}

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "CircleList.h"

/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

struct Value
{
    CircleListNode header;
    int v;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i = 0;
    CircleList* list = CircleList_Create();

    struct Value v1;
    struct Value v2;
    struct Value v3;
    struct Value v4;
    struct Value v5;
    struct Value v6;
    struct Value v7;
    struct Value v8;

    v1.v = 1;
    v2.v = 2;
    v3.v = 3;
    v4.v = 4;
    v5.v = 5;
    v6.v = 6;
    v7.v = 7;
    v8.v = 8;

    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v1, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v2, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v3, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v4, CircleList_Length(list));

    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v5, 5);
    CircleList_Delete(list, 0);

    for(i=0; i<2*CircleList_Length(list); i++)
    {
        struct Value* pv = (struct Value*)CircleList_Get(list, i);

        printf("%d\n", pv->v);
    }

    printf("\n");

    while( CircleList_Length(list) > 0 )
    {
        struct Value* pv = (struct Value*)CircleList_Delete(list, 0);

        printf("%d\n", pv->v);
    }

    printf("\n");

    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v1, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v2, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v3, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v4, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v5, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v6, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v7, CircleList_Length(list));
    CircleList_Insert(list, (CircleListNode*)&v8, CircleList_Length(list));

    for(i=0; i<CircleList_Length(list); i++)
    {
        struct Value* pv = (struct Value*)CircleList_Next(list);

        printf("%d\n", pv->v);
    }

    printf("\n");

    CircleList_Reset(list);

    while( CircleList_Length(list) > 0 )
    {
        struct Value* pv = NULL;

        for(i=1; i<3; i++)
        {
            CircleList_Next(list);
        }

        pv = (struct Value*)CircleList_Current(list);

        printf("%d\n", pv->v);

        CircleList_DeleteNode(list, (CircleListNode*)pv);
    }

    CircleList_Destroy(list);

    return 0;
}