C++网络通讯程序

一、网络通讯的流程

编写一个简单的C++网络通讯程序，通常涉及到以下几个步骤：创建套接字、绑定、监听、接受连接、发送和接收数据。以下是一个基本的TCP服务器和客户端的例子，演示了如何使用C++进行网络通讯。

TCP服务器:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define PORT 8080

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    const char *hello = "Hello from server";

    // 创建套接字
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 绑定地址和端口
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        close(server_fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 监听端口
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        close(server_fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 接受客户端连接
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
        perror("accept");
        close(server_fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 接收客户端消息
    read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;

    // 发送消息给客户端
    send(new_socket, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    std::cout << "Hello message sent" << std::endl;

    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);
    return 0;
}

TCP客户端

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define PORT 8080

int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    const char *hello = "Hello from client";

    // 创建套接字
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "Socket creation error" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    // 转换IP地址
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        std::cout << "Invalid address/ Address not supported" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 连接服务器
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "Connection Failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 发送消息给服务器
    send(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    std::cout << "Hello message sent" << std::endl;

    // 接收服务器消息
    read(sock, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

这样，你就可以看到客户端和服务器之间的简单消息传递了。这是一个基础的TCP通讯示例，实际应用中可能需要更多的错误处理和功能扩展。