过滤器、拦截器、ControllerAdvice和AOP

面试官：说说过滤器和拦截器的区别？ 这个问题面试题库算是比较经典的，这两个我相信很多同学在工作中都有接触过，但如果没有经过系统的整理，还真的不好说出个123来，那老湿机在此这面就把它俩和常用的AOP、ControllerAdvice放一起，带你做一个比较全面的认识。

1. 了解4种拦截方法的执行顺序

先上一个栗子，看四种拦截方法并驾齐驱使用时，谁先谁后：

/**
 * ============Filter过滤器============
 */
@Slf4j
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*")
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        log.info("Filter 进入");
        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
        log.info("Filter 退出");
    }
}
l
/**
 * ============Interceptor过滤器============
 */
public class DemoInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("Interceptor preHandle 进入");
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("Interceptor postHandle 进入");
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        log.info("Interceptor afterCompletion 进入");
    }
}

/**
 * ============ControllerAdvice============
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class DemoControllerAdvice {

    @InitBinder
    public void init(WebDataBinder binder) {
        log.info("ControllerAdvice init 进入");
        binder.setFieldDefaultPrefix("user.");
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e) {
        log.info("ControllerAdvice handleException 进入");
        return "error";
    }
}

/**
 * ============AOP============
 */
@Aspect
@Component
public class DemoAspect {
    @Pointcut("(@target(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController)) " +
            "&& within(cn.demo.api..*) && execution(public * *(..))")
    public void pointcut() {
    }

    @Around(value = "pointcut()")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        log.info("Aop 进入")