numpy学习笔记2

本次学习使用spyder编译器

1、数组类型

--------------------------------------------------------------分割线----------------------------------------------------------

类型转换

import numpy as np
a = np.array([0,12,5,20])
np.asarray(a,dtype=str)      #asarray！一个函数！用法
a.astype(dtype=float)        #astype！一个方法！用法     
a
#上述函数与方法都会返回一个新数组，可被赋值

array(['0', '12', '5', '20'], dtype='<U11')
array([ 0., 12.,  5., 20.])    
array([ 0, 12,  5, 20])         #值得注意的是，原数组a仍不变（为整数类型）

--------------------------------------------------------------分割线----------------------------------------------------------

2、数组操作(重点)

数组排序

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,3,5,4,87,54,102,505,12,311,57])
np.sort(a,axis=-1)         #sort()从小到大排序，原数组顺序不变
np.argsort(a)              #argsort()返回从小到大的排列在数组中的索引位置

array([  1,   3,   4,   5,  12,  54,  57,  87, 102, 311, 505])
array([ 0,  1,  3,  2,  8,  5, 10,  4,  6,  9,  7], dtype=int64)

--------------------------------------------------------------分割线----------------------------------------------------------

数组计算

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,3,5,4,87,54,102,505,12,311,57])
b = np.array([1,6,10,8,174,108,204,1010,24,622,114])
np.sum(a) or a.sum()         #数组求和
np.max(a) or a.max()         #数组元素求最大值
np.min(a) or a.min()         #数组元素求最小值
np.mean(a) or a.mean()       #数组元素求平均值
np.std(a) or a.std()         #数组元素求标准差
np.cov(a,b)                  #数组元素求协方差

1141
505
1
103.72727272727273
153.06747823284337
array([[ 25772.61818182,  51555.50909091],
       [ 51555.50909091, 103131.65454545]])

--------------------------------------------------------------分割线----------------------------------------------------------

多维数组操作

import numpy as np
a = np.arange(6)
a.shape = 2,3        #shape方法会修改原数组的值
a
a.shape

array([[0, 1, 2],
       [3, 4, 5]])
(2, 3)

import numpy as np
a = np.arange(6)
a.reshape(2,3)      #reshape方法不会改变原数组的值
a

array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

--------------------------------------------------------------分割线----------------------------------------------------------

import numpy as np
a = np.arange(6)
a = a.reshape(2,3)       #reshape有返回值，可被赋值
a
a.T                      #数组转置，原数组a不变
a.transpose()            #数组转置，原数组a不变

array([[0, 1, 2],
       [3, 4, 5]])
array([[0, 3],
       [1, 4],
       [2, 5]])
array([[0, 3],
       [1, 4],
       [2, 5]])

---------------------------------------------------------------分割线--------------------------------------------------------

数组连接

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[0,1,2],[10,11,12]])
y = np.array([[50,51,52],[60,61,62]])
z = np.concatenate((x,y),axis=0)     #数组连接，concatenate((),axis)) axis默认为零，也可为1
p = np.concatenate((x,y),axis=1)     #axis为1时，按列拼接
print(x.shape)
print(y.shape)
z
p

(2, 3)
(2, 3)
array([[ 0,  1,  2],
       [10, 11, 12],
       [50, 51, 52],
       [60, 61, 62]])
array([[ 0,  1,  2, 50, 51, 52],
       [10, 11, 12, 60, 61, 62]])

 ---------------------------------------------------------------分割线--------------------------------------------------------

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[0,1,2],[10,11,12]])
y = np.array([[50,51,52],[60,61,62]])
np.vstack((x,y))            #垂直堆叠vertical stack
np.hstack((x,y))            #横向堆叠horizontal stack
np.dstack((x,y))            #维度修改dimensional stack

array([[ 0,  1,  2],
       [10, 11, 12],
       [50, 51, 52],
       [60, 61, 62]])
array([[ 0,  1,  2, 50, 51, 52],
       [10, 11, 12, 60, 61, 62]])
array([[[ 0, 50],
        [ 1, 51],
        [ 2, 52]],

       [[10, 60],
        [11, 61],
        [12, 62]]])