python爬虫及其可视化

一、思路分析

本文采用比特币网站作为爬取目标(https://www.ibtctrade.com/),从中获取prices、CNY、市值等,然后导出所得到的数据到excel、sqlite数据中。使用pyarm中的flask框架搭建可视化平台,使用sqlite数据库的数据制作简单的网页,并制作折线图、柱状图、散点图等等。

二、数据爬取

1.引入库

代码如下:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import urllib.error,urllib.request
import xlwt
import sqlite3

2.获取目标网页

代码如下:

baseURL = 'https://www.ibtctrade.com/cryptocurrency/p_'  #比特币交易网的数据一共有27页,分别在此网址上加上后缀,即可实现每个网页的获取
head = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36'

    }
    request = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=head)
    html = ""

    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    html = response.read().decode('utf-8')


    # print(html)
    return html

该处使用的url网络请求的数据。

2.解析网页

代码如下:

findjname = re.compile(r'<strong data-v-2dd1dc90="">(.*?)</strong>')
findname = re.compile(r'<span data-v-2dd1dc90="">(.*?)</span>')
findnewprice = re.compile(r'<li data-v-2dd1dc90="">\n(.*?)</li>',re.S)
findtwofourzhangdie = re.compile(r'<li class=".*" data-v-2dd1dc90="">(.*?)</li>',re.S)
# findtwofourdie = re.compile(r'<li class="down" data-v-2dd1dc90="">(.*?)</li>',re.S)
findcny = re.compile(r'<li data-v-2dd1dc90="">\n(.*?)</li>',re.S)
findshizhi = re.compile(r'<li data-v-2dd1dc90="">\n(.*?)</li>',re.S)
    

def getdata(baseURL):
    datalist = []
    for i in range(1,28):
        url = baseURL + str(i)+'.html'
        html = askurl(url)

        soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
        for item in soup.select('.content>a'):
            data =[]
            # print(item)
            item = str(item)
            jname = re.findall(findjname,item)[0]


            data.append(jname)

            name = re.findall(findname,item)[0]

            data.append(name)
            # print(data)

            newprice = re.findall(findnewprice,item)[0]


            data.append(newprice.strip())
            twofourzhangdie = re.findall(findtwofourzhangdie,item)[0]



            data.append(twofourzhangdie.strip())
            cny = re.findall(findcny,item)[1]
            data.append(cny.strip())
            shizhi = re.findall(findshizhi,item)[2]
            data.append(shizhi.strip())

            datalist.append(data)

    # print(datalist)
    return datalist

    # print(html)
    return html

使用正则表达式进行数据的筛选和清洗

3.数据保存到excel

代码如下:

path = "比特币简易数据.xls"
dbpath = "比特币.db"
    # askurl(baseURL)
def savedata(datalist,path):
    print('正在saving·······')
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8',style_compression=0)
    sheet = book.add_sheet('比特币数据',cell_overwrite_ok=True)
    col = ('简称','全称','最新价格','24H涨跌幅','24H成交额','市值')
    for i in range(0,6):
        sheet.write(0,i,col[i])
    for i in range(0,700):
        data = datalist[i]
        for j in range(0,6):
            sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j])
    book.save(path)

4.数据保存到sqlite数据库

代码如下:

path = "比特币简易数据.xls"
dbpath = "比特币.db"
    # askurl(baseURL)
ef savedb(datalist,dbpath):
    init_db(dbpath)
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cur = conn.cursor()
    for data in datalist:
        for i in range(len(data)):
            data[i] = '"' +data[i]+'"'
            sql = """
                insert into bitebi750
                (jname, name,newprice,twofourzhangdie,cny,shizhi)
                values(%s)"""%','.join(data)
        cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()




def init_db(dbpath):
    sql = '''
        create table bitebi750
            (id integer primary key autoincrement,
                jname text, 
                name text,
                newprice text,
                twofourzhangdie text,
                cny text,
                shizhi text)
            
    
    
    '''
    conn =sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cursor =conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()


三、基于flask框架的可视化

app.py

提示:这里对文章进行总结:
在app.py中对sqlite数据库的数据进行提取处理,主要把参数,传给所需要的数据,来制作图表,每个html的代码过多,不在贴出,可根据index.html自行修改.

from flask import Flask,render_template
import sqlite3
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/shuju')
def e():
    datalist = []
    con = sqlite3.connect("比特币.db")
    cur = con.cursor()
    sql = "select*from bitebi750"
    data = cur.execute(sql)
    for item in data:
        datalist.append(item)
    cur.close()
    con.close()
    return render_template('shuju.html',movies = datalist)

@app.route('/zhangdie')
def zhangdie():
    num = []
    sum = []
    con = sqlite3.connect("比特币.db")
    cur = con.cursor()
    sql = "select jname,twofourzhangdie from bitebi750 limit 0,70"
    data = cur.execute(sql)
    for item in data:
        num.append(str(item[0]))
        sum.append(float(item[1][:-1]))
    cur.close()
    con.close()
    return render_template("zhangdie.html",num = num ,sum = sum)
@app.route('/wordcloud')
def wordcloud():
    return render_template('wordcloud.html')


@app.route('/qujian')
def qujian():
    num = []
    sum = []
    con = sqlite3.connect("比特币.db")
    cur = con.cursor()
    sql = "select jname,newprice from bitebi750 limit 0,15"
    data = cur.execute(sql)
    for item in data:
        num.append(str(item[0]))
        sum.append(float(item[1][1:]))
    cur.close()
    con.close()

    return render_template('qujian.html',num = num ,sum = sum)

@app.route('/sandian')
def sandian():
    num = []
    sum = []
    yum = []
    con = sqlite3.connect("比特币.db")
    cur = con.cursor()
    sql = "select jname,twofourzhangdie,shizhi from bitebi750 limit 0,50"
    data = cur.execute(sql)
    for item in data:
        num.append(str(item[0]))
        sum.append(float(item[1][:-1]))
        yum.append(float(item[2][1:-1]))
    cur.close()
    con.close()
    return render_template('sandian.html',num = num ,sum = sum ,yum =yum)
@app.route('/shuliang')
def shuliang():
    q = 0
    w = 0
    e = 0
    r = 0
    t = 0
    y = 0
    u = 0

    sum = []
    con = sqlite3.connect("比特币.db")
    cur = con.cursor()
    sql = "select jname,shizhi from bitebi750 limit 0,204"
    data = cur.execute(sql)
    for item in data:

        sum.append(float(item[1][1:-1]))
    for i in sum:
        if i>500 and i<1000:
            q += 1
        elif i>100 and i<500:
            w+=1
        elif i>1 and i<100:
            e+=1
    sql = "select jname,shizhi from bitebi750 limit 204,700"
    data = cur.execute(sql)
    for item in data:

        sum.append(float(item[1][1:-1]))
        for i in sum:
            if i>100 and i<=1000:
                r+=1
            elif i>1000 and i<9999:
                y+=1
            elif i > 1 and i < 10:
                t+=1
            elif i > 10 and i < 100:
                u+=1


    cur.close()
    con.close()
    return render_template("shuliang.html",q=q,w=w,e=e,r=r,t=t,y=y,u=u)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()


index.html

Mamba Bootstrap Template - Index
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<!-- ======= Services Section ======= -->
<section id="services" class="services">
  <div class="container">

    <div class="section-title">
      <h2>Services</h2>
    </div>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 icon-box" data-aos="fade-up">
          <div class="icon"><a href="/shuju"><i class="icofont-computer"></a></i></div>
        <h4 class="title"><a href="/shuju">数据总览</a></h4>
        <p class="description">共整合了741条数据供分析</p>
      </div>
      <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 icon-box" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="100">
          <div class="icon"><a href="/zhangdie"><i class="icofont-chart-bar-graph"></a></i></div>
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        <p class="description">肯定还是正太分布了</p>
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            <p>App</p>
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            <p>Card</p>
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qujian.html

其余部分不再显示,只显示主要部分

    <div class="section-title">
      <h2>比特币数据展示</h2>

    </div>


    <!-- 为 ECharts 准备一个具备大小(宽高)的 DOM -->
    <div id="main" style="width : 700px ;height:800px;"></div>
      <script type="text/javascript">
        var dom = document.getElementById("main");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        option = null;

option = {
title: {
text: ‘比特币价格饼图’,
subtext: ‘前15位’,
left: ‘center’
},
tooltip: {
trigger: ‘item’,
formatter: ‘{a}
{b} : {c} ({d}%)’
},
legend: {
orient: ‘vertical’,
left: ‘left’,
data: [{{ num[0]|tojson }}, {{ num[1]|tojson }},{{ num[2]|tojson }},{{ num[3]|tojson }}, {{ num[4]|tojson }},{{ num[5]|tojson }},{{ num[6]|tojson }},{{ num[7]|tojson }},{{ num[8]|tojson }},{{ num[9]|tojson }},
{{ num[10]|tojson }},{{ num[11]|tojson }},{{ num[12]|tojson }},{{ num[13]|tojson }},{{ num[14]|tojson }}]
},
series: [
{
name: ‘访问来源’,
type: ‘pie’,
radius: ‘55%’,
center: [‘50%’, ‘60%’],
data: [
{value: {{ sum[0]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[0]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[1]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[1]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[2]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[2]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[3]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[3]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[4]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[4]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[5]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[5]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[6]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[6]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[7]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[7]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[8]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[8]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[9]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[9]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[10]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[10]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[11]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[11]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[12]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[12]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[13]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[13]|tojson }}},
{value: {{ sum[14]|tojson }}, name: {{ num[14]|tojson }}}
],

        emphasis: {
            itemStyle: {
                shadowBlur: 10,
                shadowOffsetX: 0,
                shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'
            }
        }
    }
]

};
if (option && typeof option === “object”) {
myChart.setOption(option, true);
}

  </div>

  </div>
</section><!-- End Counts Section -->

  </div>
</section><!-- End Our Team Section -->

sandian.html

<div class="container">

    <div class="section-title">
      <h2>比特币数据展示</h2>

    </div>


    <!-- 为 ECharts 准备一个具备大小(宽高)的 DOM -->
    <div id="main" style="width : 1000px ;height:800px;"></div>
      <script type="text/javascript">
        var dom = document.getElementById("main");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        option = null;

var data = [[1,{{ sum[0]|tojson }},{{ yum[0]|tojson }},{{ num[0]|tojson }}],
[2,{{ sum[1]|tojson }},{{ yum[1]|tojson }},{{ num[1]|tojson }}],
[3,{{ sum[2]|tojson }},{{ yum[2]|tojson }},{{ num[2]|tojson }}],
[4,{{ sum[3]|tojson }},{{ yum[3]|tojson }},{{ num[3]|tojson }}],
[5,{{ sum[4]|tojson }},{{ yum[4]|tojson }},{{ num[4]|tojson }}],
[6,{{ sum[5]|tojson }},{{ yum[5]|tojson }},{{ num[5]|tojson }}],
[7,{{ sum[6]|tojson }},{{ yum[6]|tojson }},{{ num[6]|tojson }}],
[8,{{ sum[7]|tojson }},{{ yum[7]|tojson }},{{ num[7]|tojson }}],
[9,{{ sum[8]|tojson }},{{ yum[8]|tojson }},{{ num[8]|tojson }}],
[10,{{ sum[9]|tojson }},{{ yum[9]|tojson }},{{ num[9]|tojson }}],
[11,{{ sum[10]|tojson }},{{ yum[10]|tojson }},{{ num[10]|tojson }}],
[12,{{ sum[11]|tojson }},{{ yum[11]|tojson }},{{ num[11]|tojson }}],
[13,{{ sum[12]|tojson }},{{ yum[12]|tojson }},{{ num[12]|tojson }}],
[14,{{ sum[13]|tojson }},{{ yum[13]|tojson }},{{ num[13]|tojson }}],
[15,{{ sum[14]|tojson }},{{ yum[14]|tojson }},{{ num[14]|tojson }}],
[16,{{ sum[15]|tojson }},{{ yum[15]|tojson }},{{ num[15]|tojson }}],
[17,{{ sum[16]|tojson }},{{ yum[16]|tojson }},{{ num[16]|tojson }}],
[18,{{ sum[17]|tojson }},{{ yum[17]|tojson }},{{ num[17]|tojson }}],
[19,{{ sum[18]|tojson }},{{ yum[18]|tojson }},{{ num[18]|tojson }}],
[20,{{ sum[19]|tojson }},{{ yum[19]|tojson }},{{ num[19]|tojson }}],
[21,{{ sum[20]|tojson }},{{ yum[20]|tojson }},{{ num[20]|tojson }}],
[22,{{ sum[21]|tojson }},{{ yum[21]|tojson }},{{ num[21]|tojson }}],
[23,{{ sum[22]|tojson }},{{ yum[22]|tojson }},{{ num[22]|tojson }}],
[24,{{ sum[23]|tojson }},{{ yum[23]|tojson }},{{ num[23]|tojson }}],
[25,{{ sum[24]|tojson }},{{ yum[24]|tojson }},{{ num[24]|tojson }}],
[26,{{ sum[25]|tojson }},{{ yum[25]|tojson }},{{ num[25]|tojson }}],
[27,{{ sum[26]|tojson }},{{ yum[26]|tojson }},{{ num[26]|tojson }}],
[28,{{ sum[27]|tojson }},{{ yum[27]|tojson }},{{ num[27]|tojson }}],
[29,{{ sum[28]|tojson }},{{ yum[28]|tojson }},{{ num[28]|tojson }}],
[30,{{ sum[29]|tojson }},{{ yum[29]|tojson }},{{ num[29]|tojson }}]

],

option = {
backgroundColor: new echarts.graphic.RadialGradient(0.3, 0.3, 0.8, [{
offset: 0,
color: ‘#f7f8fa’
}, {
offset: 1,
color: ‘#cdd0d5’
}]),
title: {
text: ‘排名前五十市值与涨跌幅关系’
},
legend: {
right: 10,
data: [‘1’, ‘2’]
},
xAxis: {
itemStyle: {
normal: {
label: {
show: true,
positiong: ‘top’,
formatter: ‘{c}%’
}
}
},
splitLine: {
lineStyle: {
type: ‘dashed’
}
}
},
yAxis: {
axisLabel: {
formatter: ‘{value} %’
},
splitLine: {
lineStyle: {
type: ‘dashed’
}
},
scale: true

},
series: [{
    name: '-',
    data: data,
    type: 'scatter',
    symbolSize: function (data) {
        return Math.sqrt(data[2]) ;
    },
    emphasis: {
        label: {
            show: true,
            formatter: function (param) {
                return param.data[3];
            },
            position: 'top'
        }
    },
    itemStyle: {
        shadowBlur: 10,
        shadowColor: 'rgba(120, 36, 50, 0.5)',
        shadowOffsetY: 5,
        color: new echarts.graphic.RadialGradient(0.4, 0.3, 1, [{
            offset: 0,
            color: 'rgb(251, 118, 123)'
        }, {
            offset: 1,
            color: 'rgb(204, 46, 72)'
        }])
    }
}]

}

        if (option && typeof option === "object") {
            myChart.setOption(option, true);
        }
               </script>

  </div>

  </div>
</section><!-- End Counts Section -->

  </div>
</section><!-- End Our Team Section -->

shuju.html

<section class="counts section-bg">
  <div class="container">


      <table class="table table_striped">
          <tr>
                <td>排名</td>
                <td>简称</td>
                <td>全称</td>
                <td>当前价格</td>
                <td>24小时涨跌幅</td>
                <td>交易额</td>
                <td>市值</td>
          </tr>

          {% for movie in movies %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ movie[0] }}</td>
                <td>

                    {{ movie[1] }}

                </td>
                <td>{{ movie[2] }}</td>
                <td>{{ movie[3] }}</td>
                <td>

                    {{ movie[4] }}

                </td>
                <td>{{ movie[5] }}</td>
                <td>{{ movie[6] }}</td>
          </tr>
          {% endfor %}
      </table>


  </div>
</section><!-- End Counts Section -->

  </div>
</section><!-- End Our Team Section -->

shuliang.html

<div class="container">

    <div class="section-title">
      <h2>比特币数据展示</h2>

    </div>


    <!-- 为 ECharts 准备一个具备大小(宽高)的 DOM -->
    <div id="main" style="width : 1000px ;height:800px;"></div>
      <script type="text/javascript">
        var dom = document.getElementById("main");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};

option = {
color: [‘#3398DB’],
tooltip: {
trigger: ‘axis’,
axisPointer: { // 坐标轴指示器,坐标轴触发有效
type: ‘shadow’ // 默认为直线,可选为:‘line’ | ‘shadow’
}
},
grid: {
left: ‘3%’,
right: ‘4%’,
bottom: ‘3%’,
containLabel: true
},
xAxis: [
{
type: ‘category’,
data: [‘500亿-1000亿’, ‘100亿-500亿’, ‘1亿-100亿’, ‘1000万-9999万’, ‘100万-1000万’,‘10万-100万’,‘1万-10万’],
axisTick: {
alignWithLabel: true
}
}
],
yAxis: [
{
type: ‘value’
}
],
series: [
{
name: ‘数据’,
type: ‘bar’,
barWidth: ‘60%’,
data: [{{ q }}, {{ w }}, {{ e }}, {{ y }}, {{ r }}, {{ u }}, {{ t }},]
}
]
};

        if (option && typeof option === "object") {
            myChart.setOption(option, true);
        }
               </script>

  </div>

  </div>
</section><!-- End Counts Section -->

  </div>
</section><!-- End Our Team Section -->

zhangdie.html

    <div class="section-title">
      <h2>比特币数据展示</h2>

    </div>


    <!-- 为 ECharts 准备一个具备大小(宽高)的 DOM -->
    <div id="main" style="width: 1000px ;height:750px;"></div>
      <script type="text/javascript">
        var dom = document.getElementById("main");
        var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
        var app = {};
        option = null;

option = {
tooltip: {
trigger: ‘axis’,
position: function (pt) {
return [pt[0], ‘10%’];
}
},
title: {
left: ‘center’,
text: ‘排名前七十比特币市值涨跌图’,
},
toolbox: {
feature: {
dataZoom: {
yAxisIndex: ‘none’
},
restore: {},
saveAsImage: {}
}
},
xAxis: {
type: ‘category’,
boundaryGap: false,
data: {{ num|tojson }}
},
yAxis: {
axisLabel: {
formatter: ‘{value} %’
},
type: ‘value’,
boundaryGap: [0, ‘100%’]
},
dataZoom: [{
type: ‘inside’,
start: 0,
end: 10
}, {
start: 0,
end: 10,
handleIcon: ‘M10.7,11.9v-1.3H9.3v1.3c-4.9,0.3-8.8,4.4-8.8,9.4c0,5,3.9,9.1,8.8,9.4v1.3h1.3v-1.3c4.9-0.3,8.8-4.4,8.8-9.4C19.5,16.3,15.6,12.2,10.7,11.9z M13.3,24.4H6.7V23h6.6V24.4z M13.3,19.6H6.7v-1.4h6.6V19.6z’,
handleSize: ‘80%’,
handleStyle: {
color: ‘#fff’,
shadowBlur: 3,
shadowColor: ‘rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)’,
shadowOffsetX: 2,
shadowOffsetY: 2
}
}],
series: [
{
name: ‘数据’,
type: ‘line’,
smooth: true,
symbol: ‘none’,
sampling: ‘average’,
itemStyle: {
color: ‘rgb(255, 70, 131)’
},
areaStyle: {
color: new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, [{
offset: 0,
color: ‘rgb(255, 158, 68)’
}, {
offset: 1,
color: ‘rgb(255, 70, 131)’
}])
},
data: {{ sum|tojson }}
}
]
};

        ;
        if (option && typeof option === "object") {
            myChart.setOption(option, true);
        }
               </script>

  </div>

wordcloud.html

    <div class="row no-gutters">
      <div class="col-lg-6 video-box">
        <img src="static/assets/234.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="">

      </div>

      <div class="col-lg-6 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center about-content">

        <div class="section-title">
          <h2>词云</h2>
          <p>采用比特币的名称来制作图云,当中network, 币,比特,coin,chain等词出现的频率很高,说明了比特币的命名与本身所包含的意义相关</p>
        </div>

        <div class="icon-box" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="100">
          <div class="icon"><i class="bx bx-fingerprint"></i></div>
          <h4 class="title"><a href="">Lorem Ipsum</a></h4>
          <p class="description">222</p>
        </div>



      </div>
    </div>

  </div>
</section><!-- End About Us Section -->

源代码可到微信公众号"一团追梦喵"回复"python爬虫及其可视化"获取

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