itertools常见方法的使用

一、前言

本文介绍python标准库itertools，为了方便，直接贴代码实现。

二、代码实现

1、排列

tmp = itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3], 2)
print(list(tmp))#[(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2)]

2、组合

tmp = itertools.combinations([1, 2, 3], 2)
print(list(tmp))#[(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)]

3、flatten

tmp = itertools.chain.from_iterable([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(list(tmp))#[1, 2, 3, 4]

4、笛卡尔积

tmp = itertools.product([1, 2, 3], [4, 5])
print(list(tmp))#[(1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)]

5、创建ngram

import itertools

def n_gram(arr, n):
    stop = None
    tmp = (itertools.islice(arr, start, stop) for start in range(n))#第三个参数step默认为1
    return zip(*tmp)

print(list(n_gram([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 2)))#[(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)]


#上述过程的解释
tmp1 = list(itertools.islice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 0, None))#[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
tmp2 = list(itertools.islice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 1, None))#[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
tmp3 = (tmp1, tmp2)#([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
tmp4 = zip(*tmp3)
print(list(tmp4))#[(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)]

6、填充元组中的值

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = ['a', 'b', 'c']

res1 = zip(x, y)
print(list(res1))#[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]

res2 = itertools.zip_longest(x, y)
print(list(res2))#[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c'), (4, None), (5, None)]

7、累积计算（根据给出的函数，默认是求和）

tmp1 = itertools.accumulate([5, 15, 16, 2, 7])
print(list(tmp1))#[5, 20, 36, 38, 45]

tmp2 = itertools.accumulate([5, 15, 16, 2, 7], min)
print(list(tmp2))#[5, 5, 5, 2, 2]

tmp3 = itertools.accumulate([5, 15, 16, 2, 7], max)
print(list(tmp3))#[5, 15, 16, 16, 16]

8、返回谓词为False的元素

tmp = itertools.filterfalse(bool, [None, False, 0, [], 1])
print(list(tmp))#[None, False, 0, []]

9、从迭代中获得参数来计算

import itertools
import operator
tmp = itertools.starmap(operator.mul, [(1, 2), (3, 4)])
print(list(tmp))#[2, 12]

10、返回谓词为True元素，出现False则停止，所以如果判断为x>4则不能得到结果

tmp1 = itertools.takewhile(lambda x : x < 4, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
print(list(tmp1))#[1, 2, 3]

tmp2 = itertools.dropwhile(lambda x : x < 4, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
print(list(tmp2))#[4, 5, 6]