python装饰器基础

1、无参函数装饰器

import time


def timeit(f):

    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.time()
        ret = f(*args, **kwargs)
        print(time.time() - start)
        return ret

    return wrapper


@timeit
def my_func(x):

    time.sleep(x)


@timeit
def other_func(x):

    return 2 * x


@timeit
def add(x, y):

    return x + y


# 等价于
# double = dec(double)

# my_func(1)
# other_func(2)
add(8, 9)

2、有参函数装饰器

import time


def timeit(iteration):

    def inner(f):

        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            start = time.time()
            for _ in range(iteration):
                ret = f(*args, **kwargs)
            print(time.time() - start)
            return ret

        return wrapper

    return inner


@timeit(200000)
def double(x):
    return 2 * x


# 等价于
# double = timeit(200000)(double)

double(2)

3、无参装饰器类

import time


class Timer:

    def __init__(self, func) -> None:
        self.func = func

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
        start = time.time()
        ret = self.func(*args, **kwds)
        print(time.time() - start)
        return ret


@Timer
def add(x, y):
    return x + y


# 等价于
# add = Timer(add)

add(2, 3)

4、有参装饰器类

import time


class Timer:

    def __init__(self, prefix) -> None:
        self.prefix = prefix

    def __call__(self, func):

        def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
            start = time.time()
            ret = func(*args, **kwds)
            print(f'{self.prefix}{time.time() - start}')
            return ret

        return wrapper


@Timer(prefix='run_time: ')
def add(x, y):
    return x + y


# 等价于
# add = Timer('run_time: ')(add)

add(2, 3)

5、装饰类的装饰器

def add_str(cls):

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.__dict__)

    cls.__str__ = __str__
    return cls


@add_str
class MyObject:
    def __init__(self, a, b) -> None:
        self.a = a
        self.b = b


# 等价于
# MyObject = add_str(MyObject)

my_object = MyObject(1, 2)

str(my_object)