Paper reading (九十五)：Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on major depressive disorder

论文题目：Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and urinary cortisol levels in patients with major depressive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

scholar 引用：3

页数：7

发表时间：4 December 2018

发表刊物：Journal of Functional Foods

作者：Kazemi, Asma Noorbala, Ahmad Ali Azam, Kamal Djafarian, Kurosh

作者单位：Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Highlights: 

• Probiotic supplementation improved depression, while it didn’t change inflammation.
• Prebiotic had no effect on depression and inflammatory markers.
• Both probiotic and prebiotic decreased urinary cortisol.
• Next trials that measure cytokine in PBMCs and analyze gut microbiome is suggested.

摘要：

The aim of this double blind, placebo-control trial, was to investigate the effect of prebiotic and probiotic on serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score and urinary cortisol(尿皮质醇) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD, 重度抑郁症). Randomized participants (n = 110) received either the probiotic, prebiotic or placebo for 8 weeks. Eighty-one subjects completed the trial. The BDI score decreased significantly in the probiotic-treated vs control group. For all cytokines(细胞因子), levels were similar between groups. Cortisol levels decreased by 20% and 19% of baseline in the probiotic and prebiotic groups, respectively, and remained unchanged in the placebo group. Overall, although probiotics improved depression symptoms, serum(血清) inflammatory marker levels were not. Prebiotics had no effect on depression symptoms nor inflammatory marker levels. While changes in urinary cortisol levels were not statistically significant among groups, the decreases in the probiotic and prebiotic groups are considered clinically significant.

Keywords Probiotic; Prebiotic; Depression; MDD; Cortisol; Inflammatory markers

正文组织架构：

1. Introduction

2. Method

2.1 Study design and participants

2.2 Randomization and blinding

2.3 Interventions

2.4 Study procedure

2.5 Outcomes

2.6 Statistical analyses and sample size calculations

3. Results

4. Discussion

正文部分内容摘录：

1. 健康还是特定疾病？多少个体和组别？就是说这些组别的个体是对健康个体进行干预，还是特定疾病的人在干预？

• Randomized participants (n = 110) received either the probiotic, prebiotic or placebo for 8 weeks. Eighty-one subjects completed the trial.
• Each probiotic sachet contained a dosage of ten billion colony-forming units (⩾10 × 109 CFU) of freeze-dried L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175 (CNCM strain I-3470) bacteria.
• The excipients used were as follows: xylitol, maltodextrin, plum flavor and malic acid. The placebo product contained only the excipients.
• The prebiotic product contained galactooligsaccharide and 0.2% plum flavor. 

2. 有哪些组学数据可利用？组学数据的下载ID是什么？

• Sharing plan: empty. IRCT2015092924271N1

3. 研究的干预基本结果和结论是什么？

• Probiotic supplementation improved depression, while it didn’t change inflammation.
• Prebiotic had no effect on depression and inflammatory markers.
• Both probiotic and prebiotic decreased urinary cortisol.
• Next trials that measure cytokine in PBMCs and analyze gut microbiome is suggested.
• limitations: the sample size of our study was not large enough to detect a significant change.
• The lack of fecal microbiome analysis is a shortcoming since the human gut microbiota is known for its high level of inter-individual variability, which may have affected the subjects’ individual response to the supplements.