swift2 运算符函数

运算符函数

struct Vector2D {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
}
func + (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    return Vector2D(x: left.x + right.x, y: left.y + right.y)
}
let vector = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 1.0)
let anotherVector = Vector2D(x: 2.0, y: 4.0)
let combinedVector = vector + anotherVector
// combinedVector 是一个新的Vector2D, 值为 (5.0, 5.0)

前置或后置运算符

函数前标注 prefix或postfix

prefix func - (vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    return Vector2D(x: -vector.x, y: -vector.y)
}
let positive = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let negative = -positive
// negative 为 (-3.0, -4.0)
let alsoPositive = -negative
// alsoPositive 为 (3.0, 4.0)

组合赋值表达式

func += (inout left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) {
    left = left + right
}

var original = Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 2.0)
let vectorToAdd = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
original += vectorToAdd
// original 现在为 (4.0, 6.0)

prefix func ++ (inout vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    vector += Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)
    return vector
}
var toIncrement = Vector2D(x: 3.0, y: 4.0)
let afterIncrement = ++toIncrement
// toIncrement 现在是 (4.0, 5.0)
// afterIncrement 现在也是 (4.0, 5.0)

比较运算符

func == (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Bool {
    return (left.x == right.x) && (left.y == right.y)
}

func != (left: Vector2D, right: Vector2D) -> Bool {
    return !(left == right)
}
let twoThree = Vector2D(x: 2.0, y: 3.0)
let anotherTwoThree = Vector2D(x: 2.0, y: 3.0)
if twoThree == anotherTwoThree {
    print("这两个向量是相等的.")
}

自定义运算符

prefix operator +++ {}
prefix func +++ (inout vector: Vector2D) -> Vector2D {
    vector += vector
    return vector
}
var toBeDoubled = Vector2D(x: 1.0, y: 4.0)
let afterDoubling = +++toBeDoubled
// toBeDoubled 现在是 (2.0, 8.0)
// afterDoubling 现在也是 (2.0, 8.0)

在自定义运算符中还可以设定自定义运算符的优先级和结合性，来处理更复杂的任务。