1. 上一节回顾
下列图中三种曲线分别代表了欠拟合、好的拟合和过拟合
下图为过拟合曲线,那么如何来检测过拟合呢?将数据集划分为train和val(validation)val是用来测试训练过程是否过拟合的。
2. 数据集划分
数据集一般划分为train、val(当划分为2个数据集时,val又被称为test)、test
以MINIST数据集为例,下图中将数据集化为为train和test(val)
下图中每train一个epoch就进行依次test看是否发生了过拟合,并保存当时的checkpoint,训练完成后选择性能最好的checkpoints即可。
下图中在标记点之后train的loss变换不明显,而test loss却升高了,这就是发生了overfitting过拟合。
如下图:假如又70k数据train50k,val10k,test10k,那么为什么要又test数据集呢?作用是什么呢?test数据集是用来验证模型的性能的,不能用于train和val否则会造成数据污染,也可称为作弊。
pytorch只能划分train和test,即通过train_db = datasets.MNIST('../data', train=True, download=True,
中的train=true即为train数据集,否则为test数据集 ,那么剩下的train我们要人为划分为train和val。
如下图所示:通过train_db, val_db = torch.utils.data.random_split(train_db, [50000, 10000])
实现把train划分为train50k,val10k
总结:train数据用来训练,val数据用来检测训练是否过拟合的,test数据集是用来验证模型性能的
3. 完整代码
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
batch_size=200
learning_rate=0.01
epochs=10
train_db = datasets.MNIST('../data', train=True, download=True,
transform=transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
]))
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
train_db,
batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_db = datasets.MNIST('../data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
]))
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_db,
batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
print('train:', len(train_db), 'test:', len(test_db))
train_db, val_db = torch.utils.data.random_split(train_db, [50000, 10000])
print('db1:', len(train_db), 'db2:', len(val_db))
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
train_db,
batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
val_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
val_db,
batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
class MLP(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(MLP, self).__init__()
self.model = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(784, 200),
nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
nn.Linear(200, 200),
nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
nn.Linear(200, 10),
nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.model(x)
return x
device = torch.device('cuda:0')
net = MLP().to(device)
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
criteon = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)
for epoch in range(epochs):
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data = data.view(-1, 28*28)
data, target = data.to(device), target.cuda()
logits = net(data)
loss = criteon(logits, target)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
# print(w1.grad.norm(), w2.grad.norm())
optimizer.step()
if batch_idx % 100 == 0:
print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item()))
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
for data, target in val_loader:
data = data.view(-1, 28 * 28)
data, target = data.to(device), target.cuda()
logits = net(data)
test_loss += criteon(logits, target).item()
pred = logits.data.max(1)[1]
correct += pred.eq(target.data).sum()
test_loss /= len(val_loader.dataset)
print('\nVAL set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
test_loss, correct, len(val_loader.dataset),
100. * correct / len(val_loader.dataset)))
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
for data, target in test_loader:
data = data.view(-1, 28 * 28)
data, target = data.to(device), target.cuda()
logits = net(data)
test_loss += criteon(logits, target).item()
pred = logits.data.max(1)[1]
correct += pred.eq(target.data).sum()
test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))