指针和引用的区别

指针和引用的主要区别

1 . 引用必须在定义时初始化，一经初始化则引用始终指向特定的对象，而指针可以有空指针。

2 . 指针之间的赋值改变的是指针指向的对象，而引用间赋值改变的是所关联对象的值而不是引用本身。

example 1:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;


void main()
{
int a1=1024,a2=1033;
int *p1=&a1,*p2=&a2;
cout<<"before assigned *p1="<<*p1<<" while *p2="<<*p2<<endl;
p1=p2;
cout<<"before assigned *p1="<<*p1<<" while *p2="<<*p2<<endl;
int &r1=a1,&r2=a2;
cout<<"before assign r1="<<r1<<" while r2="<<r2<<endl;
r1=r2;
cout<<"after assign r1="<<r1<<" while r2="<<r2<<endl;
}

以上程序的运行结果为：

before assigned *p1=1024 while *p2=1033
before assigned *p1=1033 while *p2=1033
before assign r1=1024 while r2=1033
after assign r1=1033 while r2=1033

example 2:

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=100;
int *p=&a;
int &r=a;
printf("addr of a = %x\n",&a);
printf("addr of p = %x\n",&p);
printf("value of p = %x\n",p);
printf("addr of r= %x\n",&r);
}

运行结果如下：

addr of a = 12ff7c
addr of p = 12ff78
value of p = 12ff7c
addr of r= 12ff7c

注意观察引用r 地址和变量a 的地址是完全一样的，说明系统未给r分配内存r就是a 。