文件锁

文件锁：包括共享文件锁，独占文件锁

实现函数为：

int fcntl(int fd,int cmd,struct flock *lock);

fd 为文件描述符，cmd为命令参数，flock结构体用来记录锁的属性

cmd 可取如下几个值：

•   F_GETLK 根据lock参数值，决定是否上文件锁
     F_SETLK 设置lock参数值的文件锁
     F_SETLKW 这是 F_GETLK的阻塞版本，在无法获取锁时，会进入睡眠状态。

  flock 结构体：

  •    struct flock {
             
                  short l_type;
                  off_t l_start;
                 short l_whence;
                 off_t l_len;
                 pid_t l_pid;
     }

   

  l_type 表示锁的类型，可取：F_RDLCK(共享锁，用于只读)，F_WRLCK(独占锁，用于写) F_UNLCK(解除锁)

  l_whence 区：SEEK_SET,SEEK_CUR,SEEK_END三个值

  l_start : 相对于l_whence 的偏移

  l_len: 锁定文件的长度

  l_pid : 当前文件操作的进程id号

  测试代码：
  

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
/*
文件锁测试代码
*/
const char* path="/home/wyz19891024/code/ccode/flock.txt";

int main()
{
 int fd;
 int i = 0;
 struct flock region_lock;
 char ch = 'A';
 int ret;
 fd = open(path,O_CREAT | O_RDWR,0666);
 if(fd < 0)
 {
 fprintf(stderr,"open file:%s failed\n",path);
 return 1;
 }
 fprintf(stdout,"write data to file\n");
 while(i < 21)   //向文件中写数据
 {
  write(fd,&ch,sizeof(ch));
  i++;
 }
 region_lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
 region_lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;   //文件5-10字节设置共享锁
 region_lock.l_start = 5;
 region_lock.l_len = 5;
 fprintf(stdout,"process:%d set F_RDLCK from %d to %d\n",getpid(),5,10);
 ret = fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&region_lock);
 
 region_lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;   //独占锁
 region_lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
 region_lock.l_start = 15;
 region_lock.l_len = 5;
 fprintf(stdout,"process:%d set F_WRLCK from %d to %d\n",getpid(),15,20);
 ret = fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&region_lock);
 
 sleep(60);
 close(fd);
 
 return 0;
}

 

 

/××××××××××××××××××××××××××××/

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<fcntl.h>

const char* path = "/home/wyz19891024/code/ccode/flock.txt";
const char* str = "hello";

int main()
{
 int fd;
 struct flock region_lock;
 char buf[10];
 
 fd = open(path,O_CREAT | O_RDWR,0666);
 
 lseek(fd,5,SEEK_SET);
 fprintf(stdout,"process % ,try to read file from %d to %d\n",getpid(),5,10);
 memset(buf,'\0',sizeof(buf));
 if(read(fd,buf,5) == -1)
 {
  fprintf(stderr,"read from %d to %d \n failed\n",5,10);
  return 1;
 }
 fprintf(stdout,"read data:%s\n",buf);
 lseek(fd,5,SEEK_SET);
 fprintf(stdout,"try to write file from %d to %d \n",5,10);
 if(write(fd,str,5) == -1)
 {
  fprintf(stderr,"write data %s failed\n",str);
  return  1;
 }
 else
 {
  fprintf(stdout,"write data %s success!\n",str);
 }
 
 lseek(fd,15,SEEK_SET);
 fprintf(stdout,"try to read data from %d to %d\n",15,20);
 memset(buf,'\0',sizeof(buf));
 if(read(fd,buf,5) == -1)
 {
 fprintf(stderr,"read data from %d to %d failed\n",15,20);
 return 1;
 }
 
 return 0;
}

 

更加详细见：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23634108-id-2393492.html