一步一步教你安装Nginx+PHP+Mysql

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-30 01:39:53 发布

wzhw2008

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-30 01:39:53 发布

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发现很多VPS用LNMP一键安装包都失败,有不能排错,唯有给出教程,一步一步教你安装,所谓授人于鱼不如授人于渔嘛,本文是在CentOS 5.4 操作系统下测试通过的,用的是DiaHosting上的32位系统,为什么要用32位系统?就是为了节省内存,VPS内存都不是很多的,纯32位系统比X86_X64兼用32位系统更省内存.

安装步骤:

1,升级系统和安装相关的程序库
yum -y install yum-fastestmirror yum -y update yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff* yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyin scim-tables-chinese
2,下载相关程序源码包
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php
3,开始安装,先安装PHP需要的库程序
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.13.1/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ ./configure make make install cd ../
4,安装mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz cd mysql-5.1.44 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-extra-charsets=all --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-assembler --with-charset=utf8 --enable-thread-safe-client --with-extra-charsets=all --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --without-debug make && make install cd ../
创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf
groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql mysql cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql chkconfig --level 345 mysql on echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf ldconfig ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql service mysql start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root //root改为你需要的密码 service mysql restart
5,安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1 cd php-5.2.13/ ./buildconf --force ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini cd ../
6,安装PHP扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz cd memcache-2.2.5/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql make make install cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
安装Zend Optimizer,32位系统版本
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/ cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
如果是64位系统,则
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/ cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
配置php.ini
cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<
7,修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

自动修改:可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"nextension = "memcache.so"nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
8,配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
创建缓存目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
配置php.ini
cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini< <eof [eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="16" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9" EOF
9,创建www用户和组,以及主机需要的目录,日志目录
groupadd www useradd -g www www mkdir -p /home/www chmod +w /home/www mkdir -p /home/www/logs chmod 777 /home/www/logs chown -R www:www /home/www
10,创建php-fpm配置文件
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容,我设置开的进程是5个.需要更改进程数,可以修改5
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

Pid file
 /usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid
 Error log file
 /usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log
 Log level
 notice
 When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
 10
 ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
 Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
 1m
 Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
 5s
 Set to 'no' to debug fpm
 yes

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
default
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
/tmp/php-cgi.sock

Set listen(2) backlog
-1
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.

0666

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.

/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
1

Unix user of processes
www
Unix group of processes
www
Process manager settings

Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
static
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
5
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style

Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
20
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
5
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
35

The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
0s
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
0s
The log file for slow requests
logs/slow.log
Set open file desc rlimit
51200
Set max core size rlimit
0
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path

Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path

Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
yes
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
10240
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
127.0.0.1
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment

$HOSTNAME
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
/tmp
/tmp
/tmp
$OSTYPE
$MACHTYPE
2

12,安装Nginx
tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz cd pcre-8.01/ ./configure make && make install cd ../

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.65/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module make && make install cd ../
13,创建Nginx配置文件
mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容:
user www www; worker_processes 1; error_log /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #charse gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 128k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 9; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server { listen 80; server_name vps.imcat.in; index index.html index.htm index.php; include location.conf; root /home/www; } include servers/*; }
14,在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建location.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/location.conf
输入内容:
location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; }

location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; }

location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ { expires 12h; }
多站点管理,可以在/usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目录添加配置文件,格式为:
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers/imcat.conf
内容:
server

{ listen 80; server_name imcat.in; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /home/www/imcat; }
请注意,我是没有开启Nginx日志记录功能的.
启动Nginx:
ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
放个探针看看
mv index.php /home/www/
访问你的IP看看吧!

15,安装phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql数据库
tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz mv phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages /home/www/phpmyadmin
16,配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start" >>/etc/rc.local echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local
17,优化Linux内核参数(我只在Xen VPS用过,Openvz VPS失败,慎用)
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在最后加入
# Add net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
18,需要安装ftp的,可以简单安装vsftpd应用:
yum -y install vsftpd /etc/init.d/vsftpd start chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
19,请务必更改www用户密码:
passwd www
全文完!欢迎抓错误!