基于Keras的Python实践 14 chapter Keras中的图像增强 特征标准化；ZCA白化；随机旋转移动剪切和反转图像

 

1、ZCA白化

from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from keras import backend


backend.set_image_data_format('channels_first')

# 导入数据
(X_train, y_train), (X_validation, y_validation) = mnist.load_data()

X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')
X_validation = X_validation.reshape(X_validation.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')

# ZCA白化
imgGen = ImageDataGenerator(zca_whitening=True)
imgGen.fit(X_train)

# 调用 flow 函数来生成样本
# 或者flow_from_directory 函数来完成相应的样本生成
for X_batch, y_batch in imgGen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=9):
    for i in range(0, 9):
        plt.subplot(331 + i)
        plt.imshow(X_batch[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
    plt.show()
    break

2、特征标准化

from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from keras import backend

backend.set_image_data_format('channels_first')

# 导入数据
(X_train, y_train), (X_validation, y_validation) = mnist.load_data()
#X_train.shape (60000,28,28)

X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')
X_validation = X_validation.reshape(X_validation.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')

# ImageDataGenerator()是keras.preprocessing.image模块中的图片生成器，
# 同时也可以在batch中对数据进行增强，扩充数据集大小，增强模型的泛化能力。
# 比如进行旋转，变形，归一化等等
# 图像特征化
# featurewise_center: Boolean. 对输入的图片每个通道减去每个通道对应均值。
# samplewise_center: Boolan. 每张图片减去样本均值, 使得每个样本均值为0。
imgGen = ImageDataGenerator(featurewise_center=True, featurewise_std_normalization=True)
imgGen.fit(X_train)

# 调用 flow 函数来生成样本
# 或者flow_from_directory 函数来完成相应的样本生成
for X_batch, y_batch in imgGen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=9):
    for i in range(0, 9):
        plt.subplot(331 + i)
        plt.imshow(X_batch[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
    plt.show()
    break

3、随机旋转移动剪切和反转图像

from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from keras import backend

backend.set_image_data_format('channels_first')

# 导入数据
(X_train, y_train), (X_validation, y_validation) = mnist.load_data()

X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')
X_validation = X_validation.reshape(X_validation.shape[0], 1, 28, 28).astype('float32')

# 图像旋转
imgGen = ImageDataGenerator(rotation_range=90)
imgGen.fit(X_train)

for X_batch, y_batch in imgGen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=9):
    for i in range(0, 9):
        plt.subplot(331 + i)
        plt.imshow(X_batch[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
    plt.show()
    break

# 图像移动
imgGen = ImageDataGenerator(width_shift_range=0.2, height_shift_range=0.2)
imgGen.fit(X_train)

# 调用 flow 函数来生成样本
# 或者flow_from_directory 函数来完成相应的样本生成
for X_batch, y_batch in imgGen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=9):
    for i in range(0, 9):
        plt.subplot(331 + i)
        plt.imshow(X_batch[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
    plt.show()
    break

# 图像剪切
imgGen = ImageDataGenerator(shear_range=0.2)
imgGen.fit(X_train)

for X_batch, y_batch in imgGen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=9):
    for i in range(0, 9):
        plt.subplot(331 + i)
        plt.imshow(X_batch[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
    plt.show()
    break

# 图像翻转
imgGen = ImageDataGenerator(horizontal_flip=True, vertical_flip=True)
imgGen.fit(X_train)

for X_batch, y_batch in imgGen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=9):
    for i in range(0, 9):
        plt.subplot(331 + i)
        plt.imshow(X_batch[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
    plt.show()
    break