1、固定列数的行列转换
如
student subject grade
--------- ---------- --------
student1 语文 80
student1 数学 70
student1 英语 60
student2 语文 90
student2 数学 80
student2 英语 100
……
转换为
语文 数学 英语
student1 80 70 60
student2 90 80 100
……
语句如下:
SELECT student, SUM (DECODE (subject, '语文', grade, NULL)) "语文",
SUM (DECODE (subject, '数学', grade, NULL)) "数学",
SUM (DECODE (subject, '英语', grade, NULL)) "英语"
FROM table1
GROUP BY student;
2、不定列行列转换
如
c1 c2
--- -----------
1 我
1 是
1 谁
2 知
2 道
3 不
……
转换为
1 我是谁
2 知道
3 不
这一类型的转换可以借助于PL/SQL来完成,这里给一个例子:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_c2 (tmp_c1 NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
col_c2 VARCHAR2 (4000);
BEGIN
FOR cur IN (SELECT c2
FROM t
WHERE c1 = tmp_c1)
LOOP
col_c2 := col_c2 || cur.c2;
END LOOP;
col_c2 := RTRIM (col_c2, 1);
RETURN col_c2;
END;
SELECT DISTINCT c1, get_c2 (c1) cc2
FROM table1;
也可以利用分析函数和 CONNECT_BY 实现:
SELECT c1, SUBSTR (MAX (SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH (c2, ';')), 2) NAME
FROM (SELECT c1, c2, rn, LEAD (rn) OVER (PARTITION BY c1 ORDER BY rn)
rn1
FROM (SELECT c1, c2, ROW_NUMBER () OVER (ORDER BY c2) rn
FROM t))
START WITH rn1 IS NULL
CONNECT BY rn1 = PRIOR rn
GROUP BY c1;
建立
一个自定义函数在查询中调用,如果行很多,每一行都要调用一次函数,性能非常差。用Oracle的分析函数结合递归语法也可以实现相同的功能,而且不会每行调用,性能好得多。
更简单的写法如下: