[Struts2官方指南的个人学习和翻译] Struts2的配置文件

最新推荐文章于 2019-06-08 10:27:00 发布
最新推荐文章于 2019-06-08 10:27:00 发布
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分类专栏： Struts2
Configuration Files

从一个struts开发者的角度来看, 必须要关注的一个配置文件是 web.xml。 在这里，你可以控制整个struts框架和你的应用的配置. 默认的情况下, Struts 会加载一些内置的配置文件来配置自己, 然后用另外的配置文件来配置你的应用，尽管可能不需要编写除了web.xml以外的配置文件就可以开发一个struts应用。

你可以使用下列表格中的配置文件来配置你的struts应用. 有些配置文件可以被动态的加载. See Reloading configuration for more.

File

Optional

Location (relative to webapp)

Purpose

web.xml

no

/WEB-INF/

Web deployment descriptor to include all necessary framework components

包含了所有框架需要的组件的web配置文件

struts.xml

yes

/WEB-INF/classes/

Main configuration, contains result/view types, action mappings, interceptors, and so forth 

主配置文件，包含了 result/view types, action mappings, interceptors等

struts.properties

yes

/WEB-INF/classes/

Framework properties

框架的参数

struts-default.xml

yes

/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core.jar

Default configuration provided by Struts

Struts提供的默认配置文件

struts-default.vm

yes

/WEB-INF/classes/

Default macros referenced by velocity.properties

struts-plugin.xml

yes

At the root of a plugin JAR

Optional configuration files for Plugins in the same format as struts.xml.

可选的插件配置文件，格式如同struts.xml

velocity.properties

yes

/WEB-INF/classes/

Override the default Velocity configuration

Static Content

框架需要一些常用的静态组件 (JavaScript ，CSS 等等) 来为FilterDispatcher 过滤器服务. Any request starting with "/struts/" denotes that static content is required, and then mapping the value after "/struts/" to common packages in the framework and, optionally in the application's class path.

默认的, 将在下列的包中寻找:

  • org.apache.struts2.static
  • template

额外的包可以在配置文件中名为"packages"的参数列表中添加 (在 web.xml 为 FilterDispatcher 过滤器配置). 当添加额外的静态组件时, 要注意不要暴露了敏感的配置信息 (如数据库的密码).


web.xml

Web.xml配置文件是Java Web应用的核心, 所以同样也是struts框架的核心.在web.xml中, Struts 定义了自己的过滤器 FilterDispatcher,这个Servlet Filter 类用来初始化Struts框架和处理所有请求. 这个过滤器可以包含一些初始化参数，来表明哪些额外的配置文件需要被加载，框架该有哪些行为等等。

除了FilterDispatcher, Struts 还提供了一个ActionContextCleanUp 类，当其他过滤器(如那些Sitemesh所使用的)需要访问一个已经初始化的struts框架时候，用来执行特殊的清理任务。

Key Initialization Parameters

    • config -  一个用逗号隔开的列表表示需要被加载的xml文件

    • actionPackages - 一个用逗号隔开的列表表示action需要用到的java包.

    • configProviders - 一个用逗号隔开的列表表示实现了ConfigurationProvider 接口的java类，that should be used for building the Configuration.

    • loggerFactory    -  实现LoggerFactory接口的类的名字.

    • * - 其他表示框架的常量的参数.

    Simple Example

    为struts配置为web.xml中关键的一点是添加一个过滤器和其映射关系。

    FilterDispatcher Example (web.xml)
    < web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
     
         < filter >
             < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
             < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</ filter-class >
             < init-param >
                 < param-name >actionPackages</ param-name >
                 < param-value >com.mycompany.myapp.actions</ param-value >
             </ init-param >
         </ filter >
     
         < filter-mapping >
             < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
             < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern >
         </ filter-mapping >
     
         <!-- ... -->
     
    </ web-app >

    Changed Filter Structure in Struts >= 2.1.3

    Icon

    为了划分dispatcher阶段，FilterDispatcher 在Struts 2.1.3版本后就不再使用了. 如果你使用的是版本，应该这样使用：

    ...
    < filter >
         < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
         < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</ filter-class >
    ...

    See SiteMesh Plugin for an example on when to use seperate Filters for prepare and execution phase

    Why the Filter is mapped with /* and how to configure explicit exclusions (since 2.1.7)

    Icon

    在上例中，我们为Struts 2 dispatcher映射为” /*", 则 Struts 2 会处理所有请求. 这是因为Struts 2 使用自己的jar包来提供静态组件服务, 包括 Dojo JavaScript 文件 (如果使用S2.0, 或者 S2.1版本之后的Dojo插件） 和 FreeMarker 模块为struts2标签生成html文件。

    如果将过滤器的映射改为其他如 /*.html, we must take this in to account and extract the content that would normally be served from the Struts 2 jar files, or some other solution.

    Since Struts 2.1.7, you are able to provide a comma seperated list of patterns for which when matching against the
    request URL the Filter will just pass by. This is done via the configuration option struts.action.excludePattern, for example in your struts.xml

    < struts >
         < constant name="struts.action.excludePattern" value=".*unfiltered.*,.*\\.nofilter"/>
         ...
     
    </ struts >

    Taglib Example

    通常情况下，不需要也不推荐配置一个标签库. 标签库已经被包含在 struts-core.jar中, 容器将会自动寻找到它.

    (tick) 如果因为一些原因需要在web.xml中配置一个标签库, 将TLD文件从META-INF文件中的 struts-core.jar 中提取出来, 然后在web.xml文件中添加一个taglib标记

         <!-- ... -->
         </ welcome-file-list >
     
         < taglib >
            < taglib-uri >/s</ taglib-uri >
            < taglib-location >/WEB-INF/struts-tags.tld</ taglib-location >
         </ taglib >
    </ web-app >

    Custom FileManager and FileManagerFactory implementations

    如果需要支持应用服务器中的特殊文件系统(如 JBoss中的VFS), 你使用自己的FileManager接口的实现类. 但必须在整个框架初始化前配置它。

    使用 <init-param/>标记来使用自己的FileManager接口的实现类，如下:

    < filter >
          < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
          < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</ filter-class >
          < init-param >
              < param-name >struts.fileManager</ param-name >
              < param-value >com.company.MyFileManager</ param-value >
          </ init-param >
    </ filter >

    使用 <init-param/>标记来使用自己的FileManagerFactory实现类, 如:

    < filter >
          < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
          < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</ filter-class >
          < init-param >
              < param-name >struts.fileManagerFactory</ param-name >
              < param-value >com.company.MyFileManagerFactory</ param-value >
          </ init-param >
    </ filter >

    去看看默认的实现类 - DefaultFileManager.java 和 DefaultFileManagerFactory.java 来了解更多。


    struts.xml

    Struts框架的核心配置文件是默认的 struts.xml文件，应该将它放在web项目的class路径之下 (通常为 /WEB-INF/classes).

    • 默认的配置文件会包含其它需要的配置文件。
    •  struts-plugin.xml 文件可以放置在一个JAR文件中，应用会自动将其安装。所以一个模块可以是独立的，自动配置的。.
      • I如 Freemarker 和 Velocity 模块, 会自动从classpath中载入，所以一个模块可以独立写成一个JAR包.
      Q：可以将一个struts.xml分成几个模块吗？

      A：可以，有两种方法。

           1.使用<include>标记来引用另外的配置文件，会按先后顺序加载。

           2.使用JAR包。一个模块会被加载至应用里，通过在JAR包里放置一个struts.xml，然后将JAR包放在classpath路径下。


    struts.properties

    (tick) 所有的properties文件都可以用XML文件中的<constant>标记来表示.

    Struts使用了一些properties文件，它们可以根据你的需要修改。当修改任何的properties时, 只需要在struts.properties文件中指定他的键和值。properties文件 可以放在classpath里的任意地方,通常放在/WEB-INF/classes之下。


    struts-default.properties
    ### Struts default properties
    ###(can be overridden by a struts.properties file in the root of the classpath)
    ###
     
    ### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme
    # struts.locale=en_US
    struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8
     
    ### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
    ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
    ###       Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
    # struts.objectFactory = spring
     
    ### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory.
    ### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name
     
    ### indicates to the struts-spring integration if Class instances should be cached
    ### this should, until a future Spring release makes it possible, be left as true
    ### unless you know exactly what you are doing!
    ### valid values are: true, false (true is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.useClassCache = true
     
    ### ensures the autowire strategy is always respected.
    ### valid values are: true, false (false is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect = false
     
    ### By default SpringObjectFactory doesn't support AOP
    ### This flag was added just temporally to check if nothing is broken
    ### See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4110
    struts.objectFactory.spring.enableAopSupport = false
     
    ....

    struts-default.xml

     Struts2.jar中包含了一个基本的配置文件 struts-default.xml. 它会被自动添加进struts.xml中，来提供标准的配置设置。

    Icon

    To exclude the struts-default.xml or to provide your own version, see the struts.configuration.files setting in struts.properties.

    struts-default.xml 的部分内容:

    <? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

    <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
         "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
         "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
     
    < struts >
     
         < constant name="struts.excludedClasses"
                   value="
                     java.lang.Object,
                     java.lang.Runtime,
                     java.lang.System,
                     java.lang.Class,
                     java.lang.ClassLoader,
                     java.lang.Shutdown,
                     ognl.OgnlContext,
                     ognl.MemberAccess,
                     ognl.ClassResolver,
                     ognl.TypeConverter,
                     com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext" />
         <!-- this must be valid regex, each '.' in package name must be escaped! -->
         < constant name="struts.excludedPackageNamePatterns" value="^java\.lang\..*,^ognl.*,^(?!javax\.servlet\..+)(javax\..+)" />
     
         < bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="struts"/>
         < bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ResultFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsResultFactory" />
         .
    .
    .
         < bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.ExcludedPatternsChecker" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.DefaultExcludedPatternsChecker" scope="default" />
         < bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.AcceptedPatternsChecker" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.DefaultAcceptedPatternsChecker" scope="default" />
     
         < package name="struts-default" abstract="true">
             < result-types >
                 < result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
                 < result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
                 < result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
                 < result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult"/>
                 < result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult"/>
                 < result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
                 < result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult"/>
                 < result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult"/>
                 < result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
                 < result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
                 < result-type name="postback" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PostbackResult" />
             </ result-types >
     
             < interceptors >
                 < interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
                 < interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
                 < interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
                 ....
                 < interceptor name="annotationWorkflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />
                 < interceptor name="multiselect" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor" />
                 < interceptor name="deprecation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DeprecationInterceptor" />
     
                 <!-- Basic stack -->
                 < interceptor-stack name="basicStack">
                     < interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="datetime"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="params">
                         < param name="excludeParams">^action:.*,^method:.*</ param >
                     </ interceptor-ref >
                     < interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="deprecation"/>
                 </ interceptor-stack >
     
                 <!-- Sample validation and workflow stack -->
                 < interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
                     < interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
                 </ interceptor-stack >
     
                ....其他拦截器栈
                 < interceptor-stack name="completeStack">
                     < interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
                 </ interceptor-stack >
     
                 <!-- Sample execute and wait stack.
                      Note: execAndWait should always be the *last* interceptor. -->
                 < interceptor-stack name="executeAndWaitStack">
                     < interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
                         < param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</ param >
                     </ interceptor-ref >
                     < interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
                     < interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
                         < param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</ param >
                     </ interceptor-ref >
                 </ interceptor-stack >
     
            </ interceptors >
     
             < default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
     
             < default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />
         </ package >
     
    </ struts >

    文件中定义了所有默认的results 和 interceptors，还有  interceptor stacks 。注意package的name为"struts-default".



    struts-default.properties
    ### Struts default properties
    ###(can be overridden by a struts.properties file in the root of the classpath)
    ###
     
    ### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme
    # struts.locale=en_US
    struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8
     
    ### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
    ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
    ###       Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
    # struts.objectFactory = spring
     
    ### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory.
    ### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name
     
    ### indicates to the struts-spring integration if Class instances should be cached
    ### this should, until a future Spring release makes it possible, be left as true
    ### unless you know exactly what you are doing!
    ### valid values are: true, false (true is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.useClassCache = true
     
    ### ensures the autowire strategy is always respected.
    ### valid values are: true, false (false is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect = false
     
    ### By default SpringObjectFactory doesn't support AOP
    ### This flag was added just temporally to check if nothing is broken
    ### See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4110
    struts.objectFactory.spring.enableAopSupport = false
     
    ### if specified, the default object type determiner can be overridden here
    ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "tiger" or "notiger"
    ###       Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ObjectTypeDeterminer implementation name here
    ### Note: By default, com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer is used which handles type detection
    ###       using generics. com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer was deprecated since XWork 2, it's
    ###       functions are integrated in DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer now.
    ###       To disable tiger support use the "notiger" property value here.
    #struts.objectTypeDeterminer = tiger
    #struts.objectTypeDeterminer = notiger
     
    ........
    struts-default.properties
    ### Struts default properties
    ###(can be overridden by a struts.properties file in the root of the classpath)
    ###
     
    ### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme
    # struts.locale=en_US
    struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8
     
    ### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
    ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
    ###       Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
    # struts.objectFactory = spring
     
    ### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory.
    ### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name
     
    ### indicates to the struts-spring integration if Class instances should be cached
    ### this should, until a future Spring release makes it possible, be left as true
    ### unless you know exactly what you are doing!
    ### valid values are: true, false (true is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.useClassCache = true
     
    ### ensures the autowire strategy is always respected.
    ### valid values are: true, false (false is the default)
    struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect = false
     
    ### By default SpringObjectFactory doesn't support AOP
    ### This flag was added just temporally to check if nothing is broken
    ### See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4110
    struts.objectFactory.spring.enableAopSupport = false
     
    ### if specified, the default object type determiner can be overridden here
    ### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "tiger" or "notiger"
    ###       Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ObjectTypeDeterminer implementation name here
    ### Note: By default, com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer is used which handles type detection
    ###       using generics. com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer was deprecated since XWork 2, it's
    ###       functions are integrated in DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer now.
    ###       To disable tiger support use the "notiger" property value here.
    #struts.objectTypeDeterminer = tiger
    #struts.objectTypeDeterminer = notiger
     
    ### Parser to handle HTTP POST requests, encoded using the MIME-type multipart/form-data
    # struts.multipart.parser=cos
    # struts.multipart.parser=pell
    # struts.multipart.parser=jakarta-stream
    struts.multipart.parser=jakarta
    # uses javax.servlet.context.tempdir by default
    struts.multipart.saveDir=
    struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152
     
    ### Load custom property files (does not override struts.properties!)
    # struts.custom.properties=application,org/apache/struts2/extension/custom
     
    ### How request URLs are mapped to and from actions
    #struts.mapper.class=org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper
     
    ### Used by the DefaultActionMapper
    ### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do
    ### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names
    ### without interfering with static resources, which can be specified as an empty string
    ### prior to a comma e.g. struts.action.extension=, or struts.action.extension=x,y,z,,
    struts.action.extension=action,,
     
    ### Used by FilterDispatcher
    ### If true then Struts serves static content from inside its jar.
    ### If false then the static content must be available at <context_path>/struts
    struts.serve.static=true
     
    ### Used by FilterDispatcher
    ### This is good for development where one wants changes to the static content be
    ### fetch on each request.
    ### NOTE: This will only have effect if struts.serve.static=true
    ### If true -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they will
    ###             be cached by web browsers (using Date, Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires)
    ###             headers).
    ### If false -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they are
    ###            NOT to be cached by web browser (using Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires
    ###            headers)
    struts.serve.static.browserCache=true
     
    ### Set this to false if you wish to disable implicit dynamic method invocation
    ### via the URL request. This includes URLs like foo!bar.action, as well as params
    ### like method:bar (but not action:foo).
    ### An alternative to implicit dynamic method invocation is to use wildcard
    ### mappings, such as <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}">
    struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation = false
     
    ### Set this to true if you wish to allow slashes in your action names.  If false,
    ### Actions names cannot have slashes, and will be accessible via any directory
    ### prefix.  This is the traditional behavior expected of WebWork applications.
    ### Setting to true is useful when you want to use wildcards and store values
    ### in the URL, to be extracted by wildcard patterns, such as
    ### <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}"> to match "/foo/edit" or
    ### "/foo/save".
    struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames = false
     
    ### Disables support for action: prefix
    struts.mapper.action.prefix.enabled = false
     
    ### Blocks access to actions in other namespace than current with action: prefix
    struts.mapper.action.prefix.crossNamespaces = false
     
    ### use alternative syntax that requires %{} in most places
    ### to evaluate expressions for String attributes for tags
    struts.tag.altSyntax=true
     
    ### when set to true, Struts will act much more friendly for developers. This
    ### includes:
    ### - struts.i18n.reload = true
    ### - struts.configuration.xml.reload = true
    ### - raising various debug or ignorable problems to errors
    ###   For example: normally a request to foo.action?someUnknownField=true should
    ###                be ignored (given that any value can come from the web and it
    ###                should not be trusted). However, during development, it may be
    ###                useful to know when these errors are happening and be told of
    ###                them right away.
    struts.devMode = false
     
    ### when set to true, resource bundles will be reloaded on _every_ request.
    ### this is good during development, but should never be used in production
    ### struts.i18n.reload=false
     
    ### Standard UI theme
    ### Change this to reflect which path should be used for JSP control tag templates by default
    struts.ui.theme=xhtml
    struts.ui.templateDir=template
    ### Change this to use a different token to indicate template theme expansion
    struts.ui.theme.expansion.token=~~~
    #sets the default template type. Either ftl, vm, or jsp
    struts.ui.templateSuffix=ftl
     
    ### Configuration reloading
    ### This will cause the configuration to reload struts.xml when it is changed
    ### struts.configuration.xml.reload=false
     
    ### Location of velocity.properties file.  defaults to velocity.properties
    struts.velocity.configfile = velocity.properties
     
    ### Comma separated list of VelocityContext classnames to chain to the StrutsVelocityContext
    struts.velocity.contexts =
     
    ### Location of the velocity toolbox
    struts.velocity.toolboxlocation=
     
    ### used to build URLs, such as the UrlTag
    struts.url.http.port = 80
    struts.url.https.port = 443
    ### possible values are: none, get or all
    struts.url.includeParams = none
     
    ### Load custom default resource bundles
    # struts.custom.i18n.resources=testmessages,testmessages2
     
    ### workaround for some app servers that don't handle HttpServletRequest.getParameterMap()
    ### often used for WebLogic, Orion, and OC4J
    struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround = false
     
    ### configure the Freemarker Manager class to be used
    ### Allows user to plug-in customised Freemarker Manager if necessary
    ### MUST extends off org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager
    #struts.freemarker.manager.classname=org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager
     
    ### Enables caching of FreeMarker templates
    ### Has the same effect as copying the templates under WEB_APP/templates
    ### struts.freemarker.templatesCache=false
     
    ### Enables caching of models on the BeanWrapper
    struts.freemarker.beanwrapperCache=false
     
    ### See the StrutsBeanWrapper javadocs for more information
    struts.freemarker.wrapper.altMap=true
     
    ### maxStrongSize for MruCacheStorage for freemarker, when set to 0 SoftCacheStorage which performs better in heavy loaded application
    ### check WW-3766 for more details
    struts.freemarker.mru.max.strong.size=0
     
    ### configure the XSLTResult class to use stylesheet caching.
    ### Set to true for developers and false for production.
    struts.xslt.nocache=false
     
    ### Whether to always select the namespace to be everything before the last slash or not
    struts.mapper.alwaysSelectFullNamespace=false
     
    ### Whether to allow static method access in OGNL expressions or not
    struts.ognl.allowStaticMethodAccess=false
     
    ### Whether to throw a RuntimeException when a property is not found
    ### in an expression, or when the expression evaluation fails
    struts.el.throwExceptionOnFailure=false
     
    ### Logs as Warnings properties that are not found (very verbose)
    struts.ognl.logMissingProperties=false
     
    ### Caches parsed OGNL expressions, but can lead to memory leaks
    ### if the application generates a lot of different expressions
    struts.ognl.enableExpressionCache=true
     
    ### Indicates if Dispatcher should handle unexpected exceptions by calling sendError()
    ### or simply rethrow it as a ServletException to allow future processing by other frameworks like Spring Security
    struts.handle.exception=true
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