if else 与switch 性能比较

switch可以进行跳转优化，java中对switch有两种处理方式，生成不同的jvm指令，一是tableswitch，一个是lookupswitch.
对于case的分支比较密集的情况，如

Java code

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 3;
switch (i) {
case 0:
System.out.println("0");
break;
case 1:
System.out.println("1");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("3");
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("5");
break;
case 10:
System.out.println("10");
break;
case 13:
System.out.println("13");
break;
case 14:
System.out.println("14");
break;
default:
System.out.println("default");
break;
}


}
}

使用tableswitch,得到

Java code

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
Code:
0: iconst_3
1: istore_1
2: iload_1
3: tableswitch{ //0 to 14
0: 76;
1: 87;
2: 153;
3: 98;
4: 153;
5: 109;
6: 153;
7: 153;
8: 153;
9: 153;
10: 120;
11: 153;
12: 153;
13: 131;
14: 142;
default: 153 }
76: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
79: ldc #3; //String 0
81: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
84: goto 161
87: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
90: ldc #5; //String 1
92: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
95: goto 161
98: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
101: ldc #6; //String 3
103: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
106: goto 161
109: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
112: ldc #7; //String 5
114: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
117: goto 161
120: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
123: ldc #8; //String 10
125: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
128: goto 161
131: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
134: ldc #9; //String 13
136: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
139: goto 161
142: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
145: ldc #10; //String 14
147: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
150: goto 161
153: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
156: ldc #11; //String default
158: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
161: return

}

从中可以看到tableswitch使用的跳转表。它这样查找，如果case值不在//0 to 14之间，直接执行default,如果在此范围之内，则取目标值-0这一项作为目标，比如switch(i),i为３，则跳转到3-0=3,使用数组中的第三项作为目标，也就是3: 98;直接去执行９８行。

如果case中的值比较稀疏，则使用lookupswitch:

Java code

public class Test2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 3;
switch (i) {
case 3:
System.out.println("3");
break;
case 20:
System.out.println("20");
break;
case 50:
System.out.println("50");
break;
case 100:
System.out.println("100");
break;
}


}
}

编译为

Java code
?

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
Code:
0: iconst_3
1: istore_1
2: iload_1
3: lookupswitch{ //4
3: 44;
20: 55;
50: 66;
100: 77;
default: 85 }
44: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
47: ldc #3; //String 3
49: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
52: goto 85
55: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
58: ldc #5; //String 20
60: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
63: goto 85
66: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
69: ldc #6; //String 50
71: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
74: goto 85
77: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
80: ldc #7; //String 100
82: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
85: return

可以看到其中的
3: lookupswitch{ //4
3: 44;
20: 55;
50: 66;
100: 77;
default: 85 }