1,祈使句:用来表示命令,请求建议等
表示命令:动词原形+...
Shut the door
表示请求:Please + 动词原形+...
Please give it to me.
表示建议:Let's + 动词原形+...
Let's go.ok?
特点: 没有主语,动词打头!
2、There be 句型 (be=be动词)
构成:There be + 地点
表示存在,某一个地方拥有某东西
就近原则:考虑离be动词最近的那个名词的单复数
3、否定疑问句:
1、构成:
一般疑问句的疑问词+not的缩略式2
Are you ok?
Aren't you ok?
2、何时用:
A、表达强调
Aren't you lucky!
B、表达情绪
Don't you love me?
3、翻译:“”难道,难道不...“”
4、谓语的人和物的位置(主谓双宾结构)
send sb. sth. = send sth. to / for sb.
人在前面后面直接跟物,物在前面 通过 to 连接 人
·双宾语动词 + sb. +sth. = 双宾语动词 + sth. + to / for + sb.
She gave me a book = She gave a book to me. 方向性的用:to
I cooked him a meal. = I cooked a meal for him. 目的性的用:for
5、if状语从句
6,情态动词表推测
情态动词表推测 1:一般现在时态的推测
• 肯定是 must be… = have to .... (have to 更灵活,可以用于任何时态)
• 不可能 can’t be…
• 可能是 may be…
• 肯定是 must …
• 不可能 can’t …
• 可能是 may …
He must be know that.
He must know that.
情态动词表推测 2:现在进行时态:
主语+ is/am/are+ doing
情态动词表推测 2:现在进行时态的推测;
• 此刻肯定正在 must be doing…
• 此刻不可能正在 can’t be doing…
• 此刻可能正在 may be doing…
He must be sleeping now.
He can’t be studying now.
情态动词表推测 3:.一般过去时态:
主语+ was/were+ 非动词
主语+ 动词过去式(did)
情态动词表推测 3:一般过去时态的推测
• 那时肯定是 must was …
+ 动词
+ 非动词
• 那时不可能是 can’t was…
• 那时可能是 may was…
• 那时肯定是 must have been…
• 那时不可能是 can’t have been…
• 那时可能是 may have been…
他小时候肯定很高。
He must have been tall when he was young.
以前他一定很富有。
He must have been rich before.
情态动词表推测 4: 过去进行时态:
主语+ was/were+ doing
情态动词表推测 4:过去进行时态的推测;
• 那时肯定正在 must have been doing…
• 那时不可能正在 can’t have been doing…
• 那时可能正在 may have been doing…
I can’t have been dreaming at class
7,被动语态
-
被动语态的结构
-
被动语态的时态
现在完成时的被动:have/has +been+done 他已经被杀了 He 已经 被 kill 了。 被杀= ? killed He has been killed. 一般将来时的被动:will + be +done 他将要被杀了 He 将要 被 kill 了。 被杀= ? killed He will be killed
8、宾语从句
1. 什么是宾语从句?
句子作宾语。
2. 宾语从句的零部件;
3. 时态?
主句一般现在, 从句任何时态。
4. 语用功能?
表达观点
什么是宾语从句:句子作宾语。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210210172908295.png)
宾语从句的时态:
Susan says:“I am still at home.”
一般现在:主语+ is\am\are
Susan said she was still at home.
一般过去:主语+ was\were
Susan says:“I did my job well.”
一般过去:主语+ did
Susan said she had done her job well.
过去完成:主语+ had+ done
Susan says:“I have had breakfast.”
现在完成:主语+ have+ done
Susan said she had had her breakfast.
过去完成:主语+ had+ done
Susan says:“I am going to visit Xiamen.”
一般将来:主语+ is\am\are going to
Susan said she was going to visit Xiamen.
过去将来:主语+ was\were going to
Miss Marsh:“ Yes, I have just made a new film”.
现在完成:主语+ have(has)+ done
Miss Marsh told me that she had just made…
过去完成:主语+ had+ done
Miss Marsh:“No, I am not going to make anther”.
一般将来:主语+ is\am\are going to
Miss Marsh told me that she was not going to …
过去将来:主语+ was\were going to
Miss Marsh: “I am going to retire”.
一般将来:主语+ is\am\are going to
Miss Marsh told me that she was going to …
过去将来:主语+ was\were going to
宾语从句的时态:
宾语从句
- 什么是宾语从句:句子作宾语。
- 宾语从句的时态:
A. 主句一般现在,从句任意时态
B. 主句一般过去,从句相应过去 - 宾语从句的种类:
4. 语序:陈述句
5. 如何识别宾语从句:
6. 宾语从句总结:
i. 什么是宾语从句: 句子作宾语。
ii. 宾语从句的时态:
A. 主句一般现在,从句任意时态
B. 主句一般过去,从句相应过去
iii. 语序:陈述句
iv. 宾语从句的种类:that /if /what /who…
v. 如何识别宾语从句?
vi. 否定前移